明清时期芍陂的占垦问题与社会应对

在介绍明清时期芍坡地区占垦问题的基础上,探讨了官方、豪强和民间各方在占垦问题上采取的应对措施以及之间的博弈,指出传统社会后期关于占垦问题的管理思想在某种程度上具有一定的历史必然性,从而反映出地方社会对公共水力资源管理技术手段的落后,提出建立一套官方与民间相辅相成的规划、管理、运行、奖惩机制,才能避免出现水利工程时兴时废的局面。     

晚清小农经济结构的变化及其对近代社会转型的影响

The small agricultural economic construction in China had much more changes during Wan Qing,The feudal production relations existed commonly,the soil was centralized further,but operating scale of land became smaller,during the course of pauperization and having no soil,feudal dependent connections of peasant's body were strengthened.This strengthened the small agricultural economy.The feudal mode of production hindered the emergence and development of capitalist mode of production under the small agricultu...     

弃农经商与明清江西农村生活消费观念的演变

明清时期,江西农村生活消费观念发生了重大变化,黜俭崇奢是较为普遍的现象,主要体现在农村人们的衣食住行和婚丧嫁娶等日常生活性消费方面。其原因有政治、经济、文化、社会等各个方面,但明清时期江西地区出现的农民弃农经商的现象无疑是其重要原因之一。     

Numerical study on wave attenuation inside and around a square array of biofouled net cages

In this study, waves propagating through a square array of 16 net cages with different levels of biofouling are numerically studied using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. A porous-media fluid model is adopted to simulate both clean and biofouled netting of a cage array in waves. A numerical wave tank is built, and the oscillating-boundary method is adopted to generate waves. The flow motion is solved by the Navier-Stokes equations, and the free water surface is captured using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The numerical model is validated by comparing the numerical data with corresponding experimental measurements of a net-cage model with clean netting. To analyze wave attenuation, a numerical analysis of wave elevation both inside and around the cage arrays is presented, which considers the effect of biofouling. Based on the results of the present study, the effect of biofouling on wave elevation is noticeable; the damping effect of the cage array increases with increasing level of biofouling. Furthermore, the incident angle of waves has a noticeable effect on the wave field inside and around the cage array.     

国内虹鳟代表性养殖群体的高通量SNP芯片检测及遗传分析

本研究旨在对国内虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)代表性养殖群体开展全基因组水平的遗传评估。利用57K单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)芯片,检测了来自不同地域的6个虹鳟养殖群体样本共计48尾,包括黑龙江虹鳟、黑龙江金鳟、四川虹鳟、四川金鳟、北京虹鳟和北京金鳟,共获得有效SNP位点50201个,在中国虹鳟中的多态比例达到97.7%,表明该芯片虽然基于美国和挪威虹鳟群体设计,但对中国群体同样具有良好的适用性。各群体最小等位基因频率均值为0.240~0.267,与国外主流养殖群体相近,黑龙江虹鳟、四川虹鳟和北京虹鳟群体内遗传多样性丰富,多态位点比例为83.6%~84.9%,与国外主流养殖群体相近,而黑龙江金鳟、四川金鳟和北京金鳟,多态位点比例相对较低,在60.2%~76.9%范围内。应用6个中国虹鳟群体和2个美国虹鳟群体数据开展系统发育分析、主成分分析和群体遗传结构STRUCTURE分析,结果显示8个群体可分为3个祖源类群,其中3个金鳟群体为遗传联系较紧密的一个类群,黑龙江虹鳟和北京虹鳟为一个类群,而四川虹鳟与2个美国虹鳟群体为一个类群,部分中国养殖群体中有显著离群个体存在,表明群体遗传背景不均一。本研究表明,高密度SNP芯片在我国虹鳟养殖群体遗传分析中具有广泛的应用前景,能够为种质资源评估、本土化良种培育、制种和引种工作提供基因组水平的参考信息。     

Recording cerebellar neuron activities in swimming goldfish

ABSTRACT:   Neuronal activities were investigated in the cerebellum of immobilized and swimming goldfish Carassius auratus . Extracellularly recorded neural activities of the cerebellum in immobilized goldfish were characterized and classified into five types. Based on the waveforms and recording depths, these five neural activity types were estimated to originate from three identified classes of cerebellar neurons: Purkinje cells, eurydendroid cells, and granule cells. Chronic recording of cerebellar neuron activities in unrestrained goldfish was performed for more than 100 h. During the chronic recordings, a submersible amplifier attached to the goldfish head, and a multielectrode array developed for the present study were used. Neuronal activities in the cerebellum of free-swimming fish could also be classified into five types as in the immobilized condition. Firing patterns of two neurons identified as Purkinje cells and eurydendroid cells were analyzed during turning movements of the goldfish. The firing patterns of these neurons changed in relation to turning movements. Although some improvements are required, the chronic recording method developed in the present study can be applied to further investigations concerning the direct relationship between brain neural activities and certain behavior.     

明清岭南寺田管理及产权归属问题研究——基于番禺海珠寺的考察

海珠寺田是由南宋岭南著名士人李昴英所施舍,海珠寺僧人对海珠遗业仅具有使用经理权,李氏族人对寺田具有监督控制权。然而清代住持僧天露凭借机敏使两者模糊化,最大限度地掌控了海珠寺田。明清两代,李氏族人不断地通过官府与海珠寺僧就寺田问题进行诉讼,在此过程中,强化了对海珠寺田的控制力度,并同时也寻求了官方的认同。     

文化立省：清代湖南的文化工程和湖湘文化形象的塑造

湖湘文化源远流长,然而对它的自觉意识与主动建构却以清代湖南建省为契机。自康熙年间湖南与湖北分治以来,湘人文化上的独立意识日益高涨,举办了一系列文化工程。通过科举分闱、编修省志等活动,不仅获得了独立举办乡试的权力,而且构建了一套有关湖南历史文化的叙述体系,凸显了湖南文物教化日新月异的气象。通过修纂地方诗征、地方文征,向世人集中展示湖湘文化史的成果,再现了湖湘文化的风采,改变了湖南群苗杂处、边僻无文的形象。这些文化建构活动为近代湖湘文化的兴起奠定了基础。     

明清江南农村典当探析

典当是中国农村传统经济组织之一,它与农村经济和农民生活息息相关。明清时期的江南作为全国商业资本最发达的地区,农村典当发展兴盛。拟从江南农村典当的概况、组织管理方式和对江南农村社会的影响三方面对其进行探析。     

明清时期北盘江流域水旱灾害的时空分布特征探析

基于长时段视角,根据史料记载并结合GIS技术,对明清时期北盘江流域水旱灾害的时空分布特征进行分析。结果显示:明清时期北盘江流域水旱灾害频发,并且明代发生次数及频率均小于清代;水旱灾害季节分布明显,分别集中在夏、秋季与春、夏季;水旱灾害的发生具有阶段性,但间歇时间总体呈波浪式缩短趋势;水旱灾害并发与交替发生情况明显;水旱灾害空间分布特征显著,主要分布在贵州普定县、镇宁州、永宁州、安南县、普安县、盘州厅一线,及北盘江流域云南境内部分。研究旨在深化对北盘江流域水旱灾害的时空分布及规律的认知,也为相关部门开展防灾、减灾工作提供参考。