不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平对20～35kg淮猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

为研究不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平对20~35 kg淮猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,选择48头遗传背景相似、初始体重约20 kg的淮猪,按随机区组设计分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头淮猪,公母各半。3个试验组等能量水平下（12.78 MJ/kg）分别饲喂低（14.53%）、中（15.55%）、高（16.62%）3种不同粗蛋白质水平的饲粮。猪体重达35 kg左右结束试验。饲养试验共49 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果显示,日采食量,中等蛋白质组分别比低蛋白质组和高蛋白质组高8.55%和5.77%;日增重,低蛋白质组和中等蛋白质组相同,均比高蛋白质组高9.09%;料重比,低蛋白质组分别比中等蛋白质组和高蛋白质组低4.19%和8.63%。血清尿素氮含量,低蛋白质组分别比中等蛋白质组和高蛋白质组低16.25%（P〈0.05）和11.96%（P〉0.05）,说明低蛋白质组猪对饲料蛋白质的利用率高于中等蛋白质组和高蛋白质组;中等蛋白质组血清中葡萄糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量略低于其它试验组,而血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量略高于其它试验组;低、中、高蛋白质组血清中白蛋白含量依次递减。本试验结果表明,20~35 kg淮猪饲粮蛋白质适宜水平为14.53%。     

神农香菊花、茎和叶香气成分的组成分析

【目的】对神农香菊花、叶、茎的香气成分进行测定及比对分析,为研究和利用神农香菊独特的芳香性状提供理论基础。【方法】采用静态顶空吸附结合直接热脱附法-气相色谱/质谱联用(DTD-GC/MS)技术,对神农香菊花、叶、茎中的挥发性成分进行分析,用保留指数辅助定性及峰面积归一法对香气成分的相对含量进行测定及比对分析。【结果】神农香菊花朵中检测出的挥发物种类最多,共72种,其中同时存在于花、叶、茎香气中的挥发物有55种。萜烯类化合物含量在花、茎、叶香气中均占到总挥发物成分的80%以上,其中侧柏酮含量最高(50%),其他含量大于1%的重要成分有樟脑、桉树脑、β-石竹烯和大根香叶烯等。神农香菊花朵释放的香气量最多,茎、叶次之。【结论】神农香菊香气主要由萜烯类化合物组成,其花、茎、叶香气组成相似,但各成分含量有所差异。     

国庆菊继代增殖培养技术初探

为国庆菊的工厂化快繁提供理论依据,选取初代培养完成的国庆菊截取茎段作为外植体,分别以 MS、N6和 White 为基本成分,附加不同浓度细胞分裂素（6-BA）组成12种继代增殖培养基,研究了国庆菊继代增殖培养技术。结果表明：不同培养基培养,第11天开始长新叶,第15天开始长丛生芽,30 d 后增殖情况差异明显,MS 培养基的丛生芽最多,且旺盛;N6培养基的丛生芽较 MS 少但比 White 多且旺盛, White 培养基的丛生芽最少且最弱。细胞分裂素浓度为1．5 mg/L 的 MS 培养基的国庆菊丛生芽增殖倍数最大,达17．5;其次是浓度为0．5 mg/L 的 N6培养基,为11．5;浓度为0．5 mg/L 的 White 培养基的丛生芽增殖倍数最小,仅1．7。MS 是继代增殖培养的最适培养基,1．5 mg/L 是最适细胞分裂素浓度。     

高温胁迫下菊花嫁接苗中保护酶活性的变化

【目的】探讨嫁接对菊花耐热性的影响机理及对菊花不同器官耐热性的影响。【方法】比较40℃高温胁迫下菊花嫁接苗和不同生育期扦插苗的叶片、根系和茎段中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化与差异。【结果】菊花嫁接苗根茎叶中3种保护酶活性均显著高于扦插苗。与扦插苗相比,嫁接苗叶片、根系和茎段中SOD、POD和CAT活性分别平均提高11.6%,378.0%,260.1%;125.5%,131.3%,203.1%;90.1%,98.0%,90.5%。嫁接苗叶片中以SOD活性最大,均值达375U/g;根系中以POD活性最大,均值达605.87U/g;茎段中3种保护酶活性差异较小,以POD活性略高。【结论】嫁接是提高菊花耐热能力的一项有效措施,嫁接苗根茎叶的耐热性差别显著。     

菊科植物蓬蒿提取物抑菌活性研究

以菊科蓬蒿属蓬蒿为试材,研究了水、50％乙醇和100％乙醇3种蓬蒿浸提物对灰葡萄孢菌、链格孢菌和黑根霉菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响.结果表明:蓬蒿提取物对灰葡萄孢菌和黑根霉菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发具有较好的抑制作用,对链格孢菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用不明显；对于灰葡萄孢菌,蓬蒿乙醇提取物对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用大于水提物；黑根霉表现与其相反,水提取物比乙醇提取物对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用更明显.     

Application of RAPD markers in the characterisation of Chrysanthemum varieties and the assessment of somaclonal variation

Characterisation of fifteen commercial varieties of Chrysanthemum was carried out through RAPD analysis. Varieties could be distinguished from each other and the level of similarity between varieties seemed to be not very high. In vitro cultures were establish from four varieties and were subjected to different proliferation conditions. Five individuals from each variety and treatment were analysed using RAPD at the beginning of the treatment and after a month of culture. Variation was detected at both stages of the culture period. The rate of variation found showed differences between varieties, but no significant difference was found between culture conditions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic analysis in Chrysanthemum morifolium. II. Flower doubleness and ray floret corolla splitting

Summary The inheritance of flower doubleness and floret corolla shape was studied in 70 F₁ populations from 16 parents. Singleness is partially dominant over doubleness. The overall segregation for doubleness in crosses of the type double × single was 29% single, 58% semi double and 12% double. The percentages varied with the parents.The anemone flower type is inherited as if it were a single. Crosses between plants with ligulate (split lengthwise) and tubular corollas produced ligulate, tubular and intermediate types in various ratios depending on the parents used. Flower doubleness and corolla shape are not linked.     

Population improvement in pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Vis.)

Summary A population improvement programme in pyrethrum had progressively increased the mean pyrethrins content from 1.33 percent in the unselected base population to 1.97 percent in the population developed after one cycle of each of mass and recurrent selections. The selection had also increased the range of variation and the relative frequency of desirable plants.     

Mutation breeding of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. using in vivo and in vitro adventitious bud techniques

Summary During experiments, which are being carried out to study the factors which control the process of adventitious bud formation in vivo on detached leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram, adventitious shoots were produced from leaves, irradiated with 500 rad of X-rays. The most important but disadvantageous result was that the majority of the adventitious shoots proved to be of a chimeral nature and obviously developed from more than one cell.An in vitro adventitious bud technique was developed using different types of explants. Pedicel segments regenerated the highest number of adventitious shoots and, moreover, they developed faster as compared to explants of young flower heads or leaves. The mutants produced by irradiating the various explants were almost exclusively of a solid (non-chimeral) nature. In addition, histological observations suggest that single epidermal cells are involved in the initiation of the adventitious shoot apices.The optimum dose for mutant production is approximately 800 rad X-rays. Rather often, more than one phenotypically identical mutant was found, which was always derived from the same explant. They could for instance originate from a multi-apical meristem formed by a single mutated cell.     

菊花营养价值的初步研究

分析测定了野生菊(Mantianxing),药用菊(Hangbaiju),栽培菊(Huangjingqiu),三个菊花品种的还原糖、总糖、维生素C,氨基酸及钙,磷、铁、铜、锌、锰等矿质元素的含量。结果表明:野生菊的维生素C、总糖、还原糖、氨基酸总量分别比药用菊和栽培菊高,药用菊的铁、锌、铜、锰的含量分别比野生菊和栽培菊高。栽培菊的钙、磷则分别比野生菊和药用菊高。从而为进一步开发利用我国丰富的菊花资源提供了依据。