农村宅基地入市问题与路径研究

在耕地保护日益严峻、城镇建设用地远远不能满足需求时,农村宅基地入市流转越发显得重要而紧迫。采用问卷调查和归纳分析方法,以国家集体建设用地流转试点长垣县为例,分析了农村宅基地流转情况、总结宅基地管理中存在问题,探索了经济新常态下适合粮食生产核心区经济发展的宅基地入市的途径和方法。提出了规划引导、立法支撑、科学管控、规划监管是农村宅基地入市有效选择。     

Inequalities in the quality and proximity of green space exposure are more pronounced than in quantity aspect: Evidence from a rapidly urbanizing Chinese city

Substantial studies have revealed that exposure to green spaces (GSs) yields a variety of health benefits. However, daily GS exposure scenarios are multidimensional, and relevant analyses require a comprehensive framework that assesses GS exposure from overhead- to eye-level perspectives, focusing on GS attributes from quantity and proximity to quality. Moreover, GSs are often unevenly distributed across cities, resulting in green distribution injustice. To this end, this study aimed to systematically evaluate multiple GS exposures considering two-dimensional (2D) spatial exposures (i.e., quantity-based availability, distance-based accessibility, and quality-based attractiveness) and three-dimensional (3D) visual exposures (quantity-based street GS visibility and quality-based street GS perceivability). It then examined the inequalities in GS exposure among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Housing prices were employed as proxies for socioeconomic status. Local indicators of spatial association(LISA) were employed to examine the existence of bivariate statistically significant spatial clusters of housing prices and multiple GS exposure. Furthermore, the spatial lag regression model was used to determine inequities in GS exposure among urban residents living in communities with different housing prices. The Nanjing metropolitan area, one of the most densely populated cities in China, was selected as the study case. Residential exposure to GS was comprehensively assessed using a 15-min walkable zone lens. The results suggest that: 1) the spatial cluster of ‘low GS exposure – low housing price’ occupied the largest proportion; 2) all five types of GS exposure were positively associated with housing prices, indicating that the affluent groups are more likely to have access to various GSs; and 3) GS exposure inequalities are more pronounced in measurements of quality(and proximity) than quantity in both spatial and visual exposure metrics. These findings can inform the development of environmental planning and policy strategies for more effective, efficient, and equitable GS provisions that address health issues and green injustice in rapidly urbanizing cities.     

Risk factors influencing lameness and claw disorders in dairy cows

Claw health of dairy cows was investigated in an observational study in different housing systems in Switzerland. Twenty-five professional hoof trimmers examined lameness and claw disorders in 4621 cows on 290 farms during routine hoof trimming. 82 farms had tie-stall barns without exercise (T1) and 166 had tie-stall barns with exercise (T2), another 42 farms kept their animals in loose housing systems with exercise (L2). The prevalence was 10.0% for lameness (LN), 15.7% for sole disorders (SD), 6.1% for white line disorders (WD), 13.6% for heel erosions (HE), and 5.3% for disorders of skin and interdigital space (ID). LN and SD showed the highest prevalence (13.2%; 16.4%) and the highest odds ratio (OR=1.89; 1.33) in T1. WD was more often detected in L2, accounting for 9.4% (OR=1.0). HE was identified most in T2 (17.1%, OR=4.72) and T1 (13.2%, OR=4.45). Disorders of skin and interdigital space were most frequently found in T2 (7.5%, OR=1.55).     

SG系列过桥壳体生产线的平面布置

介绍一拖公司SG系列过桥壳体生产线的工艺设计、设备选型、平面布置等。     

Wealth and land use drive the distribution of urban green space in the tropical coastal city of Haikou,China

Urban green spaces (UGSs) provide a plethora of ecosystem services that benefit humans and wildlife within cities. UGS both promotes and is affected by overall urban ecological health, which can be measured by a wide range of indices. In this study, we investigated the distribution patterns and drivers of UGS within the tropical coastal city of Haikou, Hainan, China over the past decade using a combination of remote sensing data and field work. We interpreted Google earth images from 2010 and 2020 to determine the land cover of UGS within Urban Functional Units (UFUs). We collected socioeconomic variables to test if wealth, site age, and land use determine the proportion of UGS in the city. We found that the proportion of UGS in parks was the highest among all UFUs in 2010 and 2020. In general, UGS increased with maintenance frequency and housing price, which are proxies for the luxury effect. However, land use also played a role in UGS distribution across UFUs, especially in transportation areas, recreation and leisure districts, and residential districts. Haikou is similar to other cities in showing a positive luxury effect on the distribution of UGS. Our results highlight the key roles that parks, colleges and universities, and research institute areas have played in maintaining stable green space within Haikou over the past decade. We suggest that relatively recently implemented governmental programs to increase green space elsewhere in the city may not yet have achieved success within the time span that we analyzed.     

农村宅基地利用·退出与补偿调查研究——基于安徽省芜湖市267份农户问卷

农村宅基地的利用、退出及其补偿是农村宅基地管理制度创新的核心。该研究根据芜湖市农村实地调查数据,分析农户宅基地利用状况及其特点、农户对宅基地产权的认知、农户宅基地流转状况、农户退出宅基地的意愿及其影响因素,提出了农村宅基地综合管控的制度创新建议。     

吉林省森工林区职工家庭住房调查研究

基于吉林省森工林区中的湾沟林业局、三岔子林业局、泉阳林业局(县)的183户职工住户的分层随机抽样问卷结果,描述性分析了吉林省森工林区林场和局址职工居民现住房情况及棚改实施成果。分析结果显示,在林区,人均住房面积和人均住房价值均较小,住房形式主要为楼房,且林场内住户棚改比例大于局址住户,职工对住房的满意度较低。局址家庭财产积累多于林场,更有利于提高住房条件。建议贯彻落实吉林省森工林区棚户区改造政策,加大企业投资,大力发展养殖业,因地制宜地发展经济,提高职工收入,改善家庭住房条件,完善并发展职工住房交易体系。     

关于提高农村土木房屋抗震能力的思考

介绍了农村房屋存在的问题,分析了四川攀枝花——会理地震灾害较为严重的原因,提出了相应的抗震措施,以确保农村土木房屋的抗震能力,保证人们的生命和财产安全。     

中外住房抵押贷款保险比较及借鉴

分析了我国住房抵押贷款的市场现状,通过中外比较得出了我国住房抵押贷款市场的潜在容量应十分巨大的结论;介绍了不同国家抵押贷款保险及我国的做法,结合上述两者提出了改善市场条件的做法。     

农村住宅用地合理布局探索

土地是最重要的自然资源。就目前而言,我国农村普遍存在不合理利用土地的现象。农村住宅缺乏科学设计,超标占地造成土地的极大浪费。为此,探讨了改善农村住宅用地的措施,并提出了新农村社区2种住宅类型。