仪器分析实验教学新模式开发——以傅里叶红外光谱仪教学为例

天津农学院为了培养学生准确掌握和使用先进分析仪器的能力,开设了仪器分析课程。以傅里叶红外光谱仪教学为例,探讨了改革傅里叶红外光谱仪的实验教学内容、教学模式、教学方法,使学生的实验技能得到提高,培养学生良好的实验素质和严谨的科研作风。     

基于遗传小波神经网络的电梯故障诊断分析

利用小波分析具有能量分布特征提取的特性和遗传算法优化BP算法的能力,提出了一种基于遗传算法、小波与神经网络的电梯故障诊断方法,并应用电梯故障数据作为实例进行了验证．遗传算法小波神经网络模型诊断速度快、鲁棒性好、故障诊断正确率高．     

基于SUKF与SIFT特征的红外目标跟踪算法研究

针对复杂红外背景下单一跟踪算法难以准确定位运动目标的问题,提出了基于尺度无迹卡尔曼滤波(SUKF,scale unscented Kalman filter)与尺度不变特征变换(SIFT,scale invariant featuretransform)相结合的红外运动目标跟踪方法。首先,通过SUKF算法对状态空间进行滤波估计,确定运动目标的初步位置,并以此建立局部SIFT特征检测域。其次,SIFT算法在该局部检测域内对运动目标进行特征提取与匹配,最终实现对目标的准确定位;同时,利用定位结果更新并校正SUKF的状态模型。实验结果表明,本文提出的基于SUKF-SIFT的跟踪策略与相关算法相比,体现出较好的跟踪效果与实时性能。     

一种改进的小波阈值去噪方法

为了改进滤波效果,提高去噪质量,在分析目前被广泛应用的软、硬阈值去噪方法的基础上,提出了一种改进的阈值去噪方法.该方法既兼顾了软、硬阈值函数的优点,同时又在一定程度上弥补了它们在图像去噪中的缺陷.有效克服了硬阈值法去噪信号失真的和软阈值法细节模糊现象.仿真结果表明:该方法可以有效地去除白噪声干扰,无论在视觉效果上还是在信噪比定量指标上均明显优于传统的软、硬阈值算法,达到良好的去噪效果.     

基于神经网络的立木枝干测量方法研究

通过神经网络算法完成实现摄像机标定,并将标定方法应用到立木枝干的测量上,实现立木枝干尺寸测量的自动化.该方法包含3个主要步骤:首先是通过图像预处理提取特征点,其次针对树木特点提出改进型神经网络摄像机标定算法,最后对测量方法进行验证并对误差进行分析.结果表明,此方法的测量精度能达到0.1mm,测量误差为±1.40 mm,满足作业要求.     

Identification of respiration rate and water activity change in fresh-cut carrots using biospeckle laser and frequency approach

For consumers, fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are a convenient product and a healthy source of fresh food that has nutritional and sensory characteristics similar to those of intact products. In this paper, a non-destructive method for analyzing fresh-cut fruit and vegetables is described. The biospeckle laser technique is based on the optical phenomenon of interference generated by a coherent light interacting with biological materials or dynamical systems. Although many publications on this technique's biological applications have reported that biospeckle activity corresponds to the activity of biological samples, there is some difficulty in determining the correlation between a particular phenomenon and the activity observed. In this study, we evaluated the use of biospeckle data for measuring the physiological properties of fresh-cut carrots stored at two temperatures (0 and 10 °C). In conjunction with the biospeckle activity, the moisture content, respiration rate, water activity, and mass loss changes were monitored using traditional analytical methods to evaluate the possible correlation of the biospeckle data with any of these phenomena with or without the use of frequency signatures. The results showed that the manifestation of water in the monitored activity was isolated only by removing these high frequencies, thus allowing the activity manifested in the material to be linked to a specific phenomenon, such as respiration. Therefore, we were able to monitor the respiration process in fresh-cut carrots and assign a spectral signature to their water content and respiration.     

Textural Ordination Based on Fourier Spectral Decomposition: A Method to Analyze and Compare Landscape Patterns

We propose an approach to texture characterization and comparison that directly uses the information of digital images of the earth surface without requesting a prior distinction of structural ‘patches’. Digital images are partitioned into square ‘windows’ that define the scale of the analysis and which are submitted to the two-dimensional Fourier transform for extraction of a simplified textural characterization (in terms of coarseness) via the computation of a ‘radial’ power spectrum. Spectra computed from many images of the same size are systematically compared by means of a principal component analysis (PCA), which provides an ordination along a limited number of coarseness vs. fineness gradients. As an illustration, we applied this approach to digitized panchromatic air photos depicting various types of land cover in a semiarid landscape of northern Cameroon. We performed ‘textural ordinations’ at several scales by using square windows with sides ranging from 120 m to 1 km. At all scales, we found two coarseness gradients (PCA axes) based on the relative importance in the spectrum of large (> 50 km⁻¹), intermediate (30–50 km⁻¹), small (10–25 km⁻¹) and very small (<10 km⁻¹) spatial frequencies. Textural ordination based on Fourier spectra provides a powerful and consistent framework to identifying prominent scales of landscape patterns and to compare scaling properties across landscapes.     

基于非匀速修正圆锥指数的土层厚度测量方法

为快速获取土层厚度信息,提出利用土壤机械阻力判别土壤层次结构,设计了一种能够自动记录土壤机械阻力、测量深度、加速度等参数的便携式圆锥仪,在加速度补偿修正非匀速误差的基础上,利用圆锥指数,基于包络检波和Hilbert瞬时振幅特征值聚类算法实现土层结构及土层厚度信息的精细获取。仿真试验和实地测量对比分析结果表明,对于土层物理特性差异明显的土体结构,该方法能有效获取土层厚度信息,相对误差不超过10%,本研究可为耕层厚度的测量提供有效的方法。     

Realizing Continuous Wavelet Transform with linear Analog filter

A method of realizing wavelet transform with linear analog filter is proposed. It shows another new way of obtaining fast wavelet transform. It has also given out a procedure of constructing such a filter network and verified by the Mexican hat Wavelet.     

Study on the Recognition of Transformer Winding Deformation Using Wavelet Transform

This paper illustrates the methods of extracting characteristic parameters and deformation recognition using wavelet transfor,which applied in low voltage impulse(LVI) method on the transformer winding deformation detection.The results show that it is effective to eliminate the noise using wavelet transform,meanwhile,it can also make measurement has repetitivity and has a property on model recognition on defomation.