The Correlative Analysis between Body Size and Slaughter Traits in Wei-ning Chickens

It aimed to investigate the sex differences and correlation of body size and slaughter traits in Wei-ning chicken,the research measured the body size and slaughter traits of 65 Wei-ning chicken(♀:33;♂:32 ) at the age of 180 days according to the nation livestock body size and slaughter measurement standards,and analysis on the correlative between body size and slaughter traits.The results showed that the lean body length was significant difference in the different sex chicken groups (P< 0.05 ),and the cocks were higher than hens,the comb hight and keel bone length of cocks were extremely significant higher than hens (P< 0.01 ).All of the body size and slaughter trait showed difference between cocks and hens,moreover,the Wei-ning chicken also showed excellent appearance,hold the strong body constitution character,good meat performance and adaptability for other native chickens,the body constitution and meat performance of cocks were better than hens.Besides,the different body size,most of slaughter traits and between body size and slaughter traits were positively correlaton,and most of indexes showed the significant or extremely significant correlation levels (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),these data would be crucial insight for the breeding,especial early breeding of Wei-ning chicken.     

Effect of Olive Leaves or Marigold Petal Extract on Oxidative Stress,Gut Fermentative Activity,and Mucosa Morphology in Broiler Chickens Fed a Diet Rich in n-3 Polyunsaturated Fats

An experiment in broilers was conducted to investigate the effect of olive (Olea europea) leaves and marigold (Calendula officinalis) petal extract supplementation on oxidative stress, characteristics of intestinal contents, and on the morphology of the small intestine. Oxidative stress was induced by a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids rich diet. 1-day-old male broiler chickens, Ross 308, were housed in a deep litter system. After the first 21 days, animals were randomly divided into three groups of 16 animals in two replicates and fed, until slaughter on day 39, a diet that contained 7% linseed oil. Control diet (Cont) remained unsupplemented, while both experimental diets were supplemented with olive leaves (OliveEx) or marigold petal (MarigEx) extracts. Oxidative stress was evaluated in blood and liver by measuring markers of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA), isoprostanes), rate of DNA damage in lymphocytes and in blood (comet assay, 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), and activity of antioxidant and liver enzymes in blood. In different parts of the intestine, levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and viscosity of intestinal contents were measured, and the health of the gastrointestinal tract was assessed using histological measurements. OliveEx significantly (p<0.05) decreased the MDA and 8-OHdG concentration in plasma, and the level of ethanoic acid in small intestinal contents and total SCFA in caecum, indicating improved oxidative status and increased microbial activity in the intestine. MarigEx significantly (p<0.05) decreased the rate of lymphocyte DNA damage and the crypt depth in duodenum, indicating potentially beneficial effects on the immune system and the health of the small intestine. In conclusion, dietary OliveEx and MarigEx supplementation improved some markers of oxidative stress and intestinal health. However, positive effects could be more pronounced in more unfavorable environmental conditions or in cases of diseases, but further studies are needed.     

Genetic Diversity of Microsatellite LEI0258 in MHC-B Region of Royal Chicken

The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymorphism and evolution in royal chicken using the tandem repeat microsatellite LEI0258 located within the chicken major histocompatibility complex B region (MHC-B). Genomic DNA was extracted from forty blood samples of royal chicken and used to be genotyped and sequenced. Combining the published sequences,the analysis of allele and nucleotide polymorphism and median-joining network were carried out. A total of nine alleles ranging from 193 to 297 bp in 40 samples were found,five of which was novel for royal chicken. The observed heterozygosity,expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content were 0.625,0.716 and 0.666,respectively. Three alleles were corresponding to six available serotypes. Alleles were classified into five clusters,based on the SNPs and indels found within the sequences flanking the repeats. The alleles of royal chicken existed in clades A and B,both of which were also found in Red junglefowl. The results suggested that royal chicken had a middle or high level of genetic diversity in microsatellite LEI0258,and that might originate from Red junglefowl.     

日粮中胰蛋白酶抑制因子对鸡胰腺的影响

344只AA肉仔鸡分别从15日龄和35日龄开始饲喂胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量不同的日粮至49日龄 ,以观察胰蛋白酶抑制因子对不同年龄阶段和不同饲喂期的肉仔鸡胰腺重和组织学的影响。150只伊莎褐蛋用公雏在不同时期屠宰 ,以探讨胰腺随饲喂时间的变化规律。结果表明 :肉仔鸡胰腺相对重与日粮中胰蛋白酶抑制因子浓度呈明显的剂量依赖关系 ,日粮中胰蛋白酶抑制因子浓度为1.97～0.20 %时胰腺未出现明显变化 ,年龄和饲喂期长短对肉仔鸡胰腺影响不大。胰腺对胰蛋白酶抑制因子反应迅速 ,且这种代偿反应在日粮胰蛋白酶抑制因子降低到0.19 %时是可逆的     

Genome-wide Association Study on Abdominal Fat Weight in Jinghai Yellow Chicken

The study was conducted to reveal the genetic basis of abdominal fat weight trait and scan molecular markers which could be used to improve the abdominal fat weight.The abdominal fat weight of female Jinghai Yellow chicken in core group were measured after being slaughtered.Genome-wide association study was carried out using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing technology to detect SNPs associated with abdominal fat weight.Finally, five SNPs that associated with abdominal fat weight and reached suggestive genome-wide significance (P<1.1×10^-5) were found, and four of them (rs18144674, rs18144680, rs12246236 and rs12257795) reached chromosome significance level.Three SNPs (rs18144674, rs18144680 and rs19745739) located in a 1.6 Mb area of chromosome 2, and two SNPs (rs12246236 and rs12257795) located in a 12 kb area of chromosome 14.Genes in the candidate regions with 0.1 Mb windows were screened.Finally, eleven candidate genes of VIM, TRDMT1, AXIN1, PDIA2, ARHGDIG, gga-mir-1763, gga-mir-1564, CLCN7, ECL1, DNASE1 and SDOS were obtained.The molecular function and biological processes were analyzed using GO database.The results showed that those genes might be candidate genes affecting abdominal fat weight in Jinghai Yellow chicken.     

STAT5b基因的遗传多态性及其与京海黄鸡体重和繁殖性状的关联分析

以京海黄鸡、AA鸡、尤溪麻鸡、边鸡等4个鸡品种为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测信号转导和转录激活子5b(STAT5b)第7外显子和部分内含子7的多态性,并分析其对京海黄鸡体重和繁殖性状的遗传效应。结果显示,在STAT5b第7内含子区域检测到1处突变(8 066bp C→T)。在4个鸡品种中均检测到AA、AB、BB 3种基因型,χ2检验结果表明,除京海黄鸡外其余3个品种群体在该座位均达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05)。最小二乘分析表明,京海黄鸡3种基因型个体的出生重和开产日龄存在显著差异(P<0.05)。     

Ultrastructural characteristics of the blood cells of chickens commonly reared under backyard poultry farming in Mizoram,India

The present study was undertaken to characterize the ultrastructural morphology of the blood cells of commonly reared chickens in the state of Mizoram, India under backyard poultry farming. For this study, 2 ml of whole blood was aseptically collected from the wings veins of 12 chickens of three different breeds namely the Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red and processed for ultrastructural imaging under standard protocols. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the matured erythrocytes of Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red appeared elliptical in shape while the leukocytes and thrombocytes appeared round in shape with variable surface modifications. Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the granules of the heterophils of Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red appeared predominantly fusiform in shape, the granules of the eosinophils appeared round in shape and that of the basophils appeared pleomorphic in shape. The cytoplasm of the monocytes, medium-to-large lymphocytes and thrombocytes of Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red under TEM appeared to be vacuolated and granular while that of the small lymphocytes appeared to be granular but non-vacuolated. The study concluded that the ultrastructural characteristics of the blood cells of the three breeds of chicken studied were almost similar to the blood cells of other birds reported earlier.     

基于全基因组SNP标记分析中国地方鸡品种的遗传多样性和种群结构

旨在对中国地方鸡品种的遗传多样性与种群结构进行分析。本研究使用Affymetrix Axiom 600K高密度鸡基因分型芯片对来自8个品种的157只地方鸡及233只商品鸡进行基因分型,以品种作为分组来计算各分组的观测杂合度、期望杂合度、次等位基因频率、近交系数及核苷酸多样性分析地方鸡群体的遗传多样性,利用进化树、主成分分析、群体结构、MDS等方法分析鸡群体的群体结构,基于状态同源(IBS)和群体分化系数(Fst)分析种群内部与种群之间的亲缘关系,利用长纯合片段(runs of homozygosity, ROH)估算得到基于ROH的近交系数。结果表明,各群体的观测杂合度均高于期望杂合度,次等位基因频率在0.175～0.236之间,近交系数在0.018～0.205之间,核苷酸多样性在0～6×10^-4之间,进化树与主成分分析表明品种间出现了明显的群体分化,地方鸡群体与商品鸡群的MDS分析发现我国地方鸡与商业肉鸡品种的遗传距离较近;IBS遗传距离在0.092 9～0.319 9之间;各品种成对Fst分析表明,群体间呈现中高分化程度(0.09～0.22);此次分析共得到了...