石灰性土壤硒含量与小麦籽粒硒相关性研究

对新疆不同地区的39个小麦田耕层土壤及籽粒进行调查取样,研究土壤的全硒、有效硒含量与小麦籽粒硒含量的相关性及土壤硒含量的影响因素。结果表明:土壤全硒含量在0.144~1.153 mg·kg-1之间,其中10%属于少硒土壤(0.125~0.175 mg·kg-1),49%属于足硒土壤(0.175~0.450 mg·kg-1),41%属于富硒土壤(0.450~2.000 mg·kg-1),土壤硒的活化率平均为25.11%;小麦籽粒全硒含量在0.004~0.055 mg·kg-1之间,达到国家谷物类食品富硒标准(0.040~3.000 mg·kg-1)的仅有8%,92%小麦籽粒硒含量低于国家谷物类食品富硒标准,由此可知土壤全硒含量与小麦籽粒硒含量无相关性,而土壤有效硒与籽粒硒含量呈极显著正相关,所以要充分利用富硒土壤生产富硒小麦就必须提高土壤中硒的有效性;土壤有效硒与土壤p H值呈极显著正相关,因此在实际生产中可以通过改善土壤条件的方法来提高土壤硒的有效性,从而提高小麦籽粒中硒的含量;土壤全硒含量随土壤质地粘重程度的增加而增加。     

Immunostimulatory effects of natural human interferon-alpha (huIFN-α) on carps Cyprinus carpio L.

Human interferon-α (huIFN-α) is an important immunomodulatory substance used in the treatment and prevention of numerous infectious and immune-related diseases in animals. However, the immunostimulatory effects of huIFN-α in fish remain to be investigated. In the current study, the immune responses of the carp species Cyprinus carpio L. to treatment with huIFN-α were analyzed via measurement of superoxide anion production, phagocytic activity and the expression of cytokine genes including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 10. Low doses of huIFN-α were administered orally once a day for 3 days, and sampling was carried out at 1, 3 and 5 days post-treatment. Our results indicate that a low dose of huIFN-α significantly increased phagocytic activity and superoxide anion production in the carp kidney. The huIFN-α-treated fish also displayed a significant upregulation in cytokine gene expression. The current study demonstrates the stimulatory effects of huIFN-α on the carp immune system and highlights the immunomodulatory role of huIFN-α in fish.     

啶氧菌酯对辣椒炭疽病菌室内抑制与田间防效

为探究啶氧菌酯对辣椒炭疽病原(Collerotrichum gloeosporioides)的活性抑制效果和田间防效,采用室内孢子萌发法和生长速率法分别测定啶氧菌酯对辣椒炭疽病菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发的抑制作用;采用大田药剂试验分别测定啶氧菌酯对辣椒炭疽病发病率的抑制作用及对辣椒的增产效果。结果表明,25%啶氧菌酯SC可显著抑制辣椒炭疽病菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发,抑制效果最好。药后3、7和14 d对辣椒炭疽病的大田防效显著。对辣椒经济产量（辣椒红果）增加率最明显,红果干鲜重、产量增加率、单株红果干鲜重增加率,均为最高,对辣椒红果干鲜产量增加率幅度表现一致。建议在栽培管理应用中,在辣椒结果期的初期,喷施25%啶氧菌酯SC,预防辣椒炭疽病,且促进辣椒红果的转化,提高红果数。在结果期的中期,可再次喷施25%啶氧菌酯SC,提高辣椒红果的生物量,进一步提高辣椒经济产量。     

城市山水经营——以兰亭、玲珑山为例论浙江山水风景资源的经营

1990年以来,钱学森山水城市理论不断被关注和研究.以城市经营理念和风景资源属性变迁为立论基础,分析认为,山水风景资源应该是城市经营的主要内容之一,山水风景资源本身具有可以经营的多元价值.在结合绍兴兰亭,临安玲珑山案例分析后指出,在当前的城市化进程中,浙江的城镇化建设需要以城市经营的理念经营城市中的山水风景资源.浙江山水风景资源作为未来可进入市场竞争的城市经营对象,必须在价值导向上首先建立山水文化价值维度,在经营思路上要有整体性的保护和开发,在具体实践中要注重多元价值的综合关注.     

坡耕地等高反坡阶整地年限对土壤改良和玉米产量的影响

为探究等高反坡阶整地改良红壤坡耕地土壤质量的效果,利用田间定位试验,以滇中昆明松华坝迤者流域坡耕地试验区已实施等高反坡阶整地措施3(CRT 3),7(CRT 7),9(CRT 9)年的样地及原状坡耕地(CK)为研究对象,结合各样地玉米产量探明实施年限对土壤结构、肥力和酶活性特征的影响.结果 表明:等高反坡阶整地年限显著...     

紫草与大青叶提取物体外抑菌效果研究

[目的]研究紫草[Arnebia euchroma（Royle） Johnst]与大青叶（Isatis indigotica Fort）提取物对6株腐败微生物和致病菌的抑菌性能及其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。[方法]采用滤纸片扩散法。[结果]紫草提取物对猪粪链球菌、炭疽杆菌、李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均有较强的抑制效应,MIC分别为0.03、0.03、0.08、0.11mg/ml,而对沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的抑制效果相对较弱。大青叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、李斯特氏菌、炭疽杆菌均有较强的抑制效应,MIC分别为0.08、0.19、0.20、0.56mg/ml,而对猪粪链球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制效果较差,MIC分别为1.08、1.16mg/ml。[结论]为开发和应用大青叶与紫草提取物作为功能性天然防腐剂提供参考。     

丝瓜铜锌超氧化物歧化酶Cu/Zn-SOD基因家族的克隆与表达分析

【目的】克隆丝瓜铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶Cu/Zn-SOD基因家族,并分析其序列特征、表达情况及其在丝瓜褐变中的作用,为进一步揭示丝瓜褐变的发生机理提供科学依据,为丝瓜品种遗传改良奠定基础。【方法】通过转录组测序和RT-PCR方法获得丝瓜Cu/Zn-SOD基因家族的c DNA序列,采用生物信息学方法分析氨基酸序列,利用荧光定量PCR技术研究Cu/Zn-SOD基因家族在不同组织及褐变条件下的表达情况。采用氮蓝四唑(NBT)光还原法测定总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,采用福林-酚比色测定总酚含量。【结果】获得了3个丝瓜Cu/Zn-SOD基因家族c DNA序列,依次命名为Lc Cu/Zn-SOD1(Gen Bank登录号:KP178922)、Lc Cu/Zn-SOD2(Gen Bank登录号:KX092445)和Lc Cu/Zn-SOD3(Gen Bank登录号:KX092446)。Lc Cu/Zn-SOD1全长758 bp,包含一个456 bp的开放读码框(ORF),编码152个氨基酸;Lc Cu/Zn-SOD2全长799 bp,ORF为471 bp,编码157个氨基酸;Lc Cu/Zn-SOD3全长1 011 bp,ORF为663 bp,编码221个氨基酸;编码的蛋白与甜瓜、南瓜、黄瓜同源蛋白的相似性均在90%以上。生物信息学分析表明3个基因编码的酶蛋白均无信号肽,无跨膜结构域,为亲水性稳定蛋白,Wolf Psort预测其亚细胞定位于细胞质。Cu/Zn-SOD基因家族在根中的表达量最高,在花中表达量最低。在丝瓜采后储藏期间,Lc Cu/Zn-SOD1和Lc Cu/Zn-SOD3在丝瓜储藏初期表达量较采后当时(0 d)上调,后期表达量受到抑制;在丝瓜鲜切条件下,3个基因表达量在鲜切后较采后当时(0 h)总体呈下降趋势。相关性分析显示,在采后储藏和鲜切条件下,Lc Cu/Zn-SOD1表达量均与SOD酶活性呈极显著性正相关,Lc Cu/Zn-SOD3表达量均与SOD酶活性呈显著性正相关,SOD酶活性在鲜切条件下与总酚含量呈显著负相关,Lc Cu/Zn-SOD1和Lc Cu/Zn-SOD3在调控SOD酶活性方面起作重要作用,Lc Cu/Zn-SOD1和Lc Cu/Zn-SOD3的表达影响了SOD酶活性,并影响了丝瓜褐变进程。【结论】从丝瓜果肉中获得Cu/Zn-SOD基因家族的3个,其中Lc Cu/Zn-SOD1和Lc Cu/Zn-SOD3在普通丝瓜果肉褐变过程中可能发挥着重要作用。     

源库对不同生长习性大豆固氮酶活性的影响

本文研究了摘英、摘心和去叶处理对不同生长习性不大豆根瘤固氮酶活性的影响，结果表明，摘荚处理对无限型大豆固氮酶活性（ＡＲＡ）无明显影响，而使有限型和亚有限大豆的ＡＲＡ明显降低。摘心和去叶处理使三种生长习性大豆ＡＲＡ降低；摘英、摘心和去叶处理使三种生长习性大豆根瘤中酰脲含量增加；去叶处理使有限型大豆幼茎中酰脲含量明显增加，但对无限型和亚有限型大豆影响不大。摘英处理使有限型和亚有限型大豆幼茎中酰脲含量明     

禾谷镰刀菌产生的细胞壁降解酶的特性研究

禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium gramimearum<\i>)是引起玉米茎腐病、穗腐病的主要病原菌之一。该病原菌在活体外能产生PG、PMG、PGTE和PMTE四种细胞壁降解酶,这些酶都具有酶的典型性动力学特性。细胞壁降解酶是F.gramimearum<\I>致病的一个重要因子。     

Flash flood simulation and valve behavior of Mytilus galloprovincialis measured with Hall sensors

Mussels close their shell as a protective strategy and the quantification of this behavioral marker may represent an alarm signal when they are exposed to environmental stressors. In the present study, we investigated the ability of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to recover and then the resilience or inertia of valve activity after a pulsing exposition to diverse levels of salinity (5, 10, 20, and 35 PSU as reference value). The trial simulated an event of drastic and sudden reduction of seawater salinity thus mimicking an event of flash flood from intense rain. Valve gaping and movements were measured in continuous cycle for 10 days using a customized magneto-electric device which uses Hall sensors. Results showed that under normal conditions of salinity (35 PSU), the general pattern of valve movements was a continuously open state with sporadic spikes indicating a closing motion. At salinity of 5, PSU mussels reacted by closing their valves, leading to a 77% mortality on the 4th day. At salinity of 10, PSU animals were observed with closed valves for the entire duration of the exposure and no mortality occurred, they showed a significant reduction in the valve activity once the reference value of salinity was re-established. In contrast, salinity of 20 PSU did not trigger a significant behavioral response. Interestingly, there no define rhythms of valve movements were recorded during salinity challenges.