Reproductive cycle in reared male common Japanese conger, Conger myriaster

Annual changes in gonadal histology, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and plasma 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) levels were investigated in reared male common Japanese congers, Conger myriaster. Young fish, 20–30 cm in total length and around 20 g in body weight, caught in November 1996 (group 1) and in September 1999 (group 2) were reared for 3 years in seawater at temperatures ranging from 10 to 20 °C.

In most fish, only spermatogonia occupied the testes for 1 year and a few months after capture. Spermatocytes appeared in February, and both spermatids and spermatozoa appeared in March, in 1998 for group 1 and in 2001 for group 2. Spermiation was observed from May to September and reduction in testis was observed after October in both groups. GSI and plasma 11KT levels changed with progression of spermatogenesis. Although GSI was less than 1.0 and the plasma 11KT level less than 1.0 ng/ml, in the first year in most fish, both increased in the second year of rearing. GSI peaked in June 1998 (5.3±3.0; mean±standard deviation) in group 1 and May 2001 (2.3±1.3) in group 2, and bottomed in October (0.3±0.1) in both groups. Plasma 11KT levels peaked in March 1998 (5.8±1.9 ng/ml) in group 1 and May 2001 (4.4±2.4 ng/ml) in group 2, and bottomed in August in group 1 and September in group 2 (around 0.1 ng/ml in both groups). Spermatogenesis and changes in GSI and plasma 11KT levels were repeated the following year in both groups.

These observations indicate that males have an annual reproductive cycle under rearing conditions. It is possible that wild male common Japanese congers also have multiple spawning seasons in their lives.     

海鳗性腺形态和发育的研究

本文对海鳗性腺的形态与组织结构及发育周年变化进行了研究。海鳗卵巢由许多紧密排列的卵巢叶片构成,精巢则由许多精巢叶片构成。整条卵巢或精巢的外部无被膜包裹。组织学表明,卵巢在５月下旬后陆续发育成熟,精巢在４月正旬陆续发育成熟。５月下旬进入繁殖期,６月－７月为繁殖盛期。随后产过卵的个体进入恢复期并重新发育。组织学与扫描电镜观察显示,海鳗的精子头部呈镰刀形,有一定较短的尾部     

海蛰的生殖与受精——1.排卵方式的探讨

作者对海蛰卵巢进行了解剖、组织切片与扫描电镜观察,发现卵巢为褶叠型,一端与胶质膜相连,另一端游离。胶质膜由透明状胶质细胞所构成,外有一层纤毛细胞,靠近胶质膜一侧的卵巢为单层上皮组成的生殖上皮,胶质膜与卵巢生殖上皮间由胶质细丝连接,形成与胃腔相通的生殖腔隙。生殖上皮在生殖季节中变化很大,它首先完成发生卵原细胞的功能,随后局部解体出现透明小区,当卵巢成熟时生殖上皮细胞是区域性弥散,卵子裸露,出现分批排卵现象.海蛰排卵方式是以大量卵子成片分批区域性排放为主,但也存在单个卵子排出的现象。     

克氏原螯虾X器官-窦腺复合体的组织学观察

应用组织切片技术观察了克氏原螯虾眼柄神经内分泌系统的结构,研究了XO-SG复合体的分布.结果表明,克氏原螯虾眼柄神经内分泌系统主要组成部分为X器官-窦腺复合体.X器官分布在视神经节上,由Ⅰ～Ⅵ型6种神经分泌细胞构成,均为单级神经元.Ⅰ～Ⅵ型分泌细胞类型及数量在不同生长期存在差异.窦腺位于视内髓与视端髓之间的背内侧,由窦腺壁和中央血窦腔组成;窦腺壁由神经分泌细胞的末梢、神经胶质细胞及其突起交织而成.     

饲料中添加食盐对低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织形态结构的影响

以凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei为研究对象,在基础饲料中分别添加0（对照组）、1%,2%和4%的食盐,配制成4种实验饲料,在低盐养殖水体中饲养40d后,采用光镜、电镜等技术对4种低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾第2腹屈肌组织形态学进行观察和对比,并与海水虾做比较,探讨饲料中添加食盐对低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾组织形态结构的影响。结果表明,光镜下,对照组及添加食盐1%组肌束内肌纤维排列疏松,有聚集成束状,肌束间隙（肌束膜）较宽,纤维有弯曲状存在。添加食盐2%组、4%组肌纤维排列依次紧密,分布较均匀,与海水虾差别不大;电镜观察对虾腹屈肌横切面图片发现,对照组和添加食盐1%组的粗丝与细丝分布较稀疏,排列不规则,部分区域肌丝残缺。添加食盐2%组的肌丝分布相对较均匀,但细肌丝小且数量多,不规则的排列有时成簇状。添加食盐4%组和海水虾差别不大,肌丝分布较规则,可看到粗细肌丝呈六角形点阵排列。纵切面上,添加食盐1%组与2%组肌节排列不整齐,有弯曲交错现象,4%食盐组形状规则,肌节明显,清晰可辨,肌节长度显著高于对照组、1%和2%食盐组（P〈0.05）。饲料中添加食盐对低盐养殖凡纳滨对虾肌原纤维直径、实心粗肌丝直径、空心粗肌丝直径、暗带长度和H带长度之间无显著性影响（P〉0.05）。     

6种染色方法对玉米丝黑穗病菌不同发育阶段的染色效果比较

比较了姬姆萨氏色素(Giemsa)、苯胺蓝-乳酚油、番红O-KOH、苯胺蓝-甘油、曲利苯兰酒精-乳酚酸和考马斯亮兰组织透明染色法对玉米丝黑穗病菌不同生长发育阶段的染色效果。结果表明,在一定的染液浓度条件下,6种染色方法均可进行冬孢子、芽管、先菌丝、担子、担孢子等寄主组织内部菌体的原位染色。曲利苯兰组织透明染色方法更稳定、简捷和易于观察,能观察玉米丝黑穗病菌的整个生长发育阶段,因此适宜胞间菌丝的染色。     

大眼鳜垂体的组织学和组织化学研究

[目的]探讨大眼鳜垂体的组织学结构。[方法]以大眼鳜成鱼为试验材料,通过显微镜观察对其垂体的组织学、组织化学进行研究。[结果]大眼鳜垂体由神经垂体和腺垂体两部分组成,腺垂体分为前外侧部、中外侧部和中间部。神经垂体十分发达,尤其是后腺垂体神经部,占垂体后部大部分区域;腺垂体可分辨出7种分泌细胞类型,即前外侧部的催乳激素细胞和促肾上腺皮质激素细胞,中外侧部的生长激素细胞、促性腺激素细胞和促甲状腺激素细胞,中间部的促黑色素细胞刺激激素细胞和PAS阳性细胞;中间部后方腹面边缘微血管十分发达。[结论]该研究为进一步弄清大眼鳜的繁殖机理提供了科学依据。     

Biochemical and histological hepatic changes of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed to carbaryl

The purpose of this study was to evaluate biochemical and morphological responses induced by carbaryl in the liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed during 21 days to sublethal concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 mg L⁻¹), testing also recover for 14 days in clean water, after 14 days exposure. The activities of the following enzymes were measured: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Globally, our data showed that exposure to carbaryl decreased the SOD, CAT, GR, and GST activities, except for the SOD and GST activities after 14 days exposure to 0.25 mg L⁻¹. In contrast, after 14 days exposure the GR activity of the hepatic tissue from carbaryl-treated fish showed significant elevation in relation to the control. When fish were left to recover, a positive response was seen in the GSH and GSSG contents. The results of the recovery group suggest that the toxicity produced by carbaryl is reversible to some extent within 15 days. The liver histological analysis showed differences between fish concerning the cellular vacuolization degree (VD) of the hepatocytes. In fish exposed to carbaryl it was observed an increasing hepatocellular basophilia. No other histological alterations were observed when fish was exposed to carbaryl, except a few necrotic foci at day 7. The sections stained with PAS reaction showed that the vacuolization was always not due to glycogen deposits, thus suggesting lipid accumulation. The combined increased basophilia and glycogen depletion is a common, although non-specific, liver response to many toxicants. In short, this work shows a relation between histological and biochemical changes in liver and carbaryl exposure. The effects of carbaryl were observed at different concentrations.     

摩杂一代水牛与广西沼泽型水牛肾上腺组织结构比较学研究

为探讨摩杂一代水牛与广西沼泽型水牛生产性能的差异,对其肾上腺组织结构进行比较研究。结果表明:水牛两侧肾上腺的形状大小不同,不同个体同侧的形状也不同,其被膜可清晰地分为外环层和内纵层,且广西沼泽型水牛被膜比摩杂一代水牛厚。广西沼泽型水牛比摩杂一代水牛的肾上腺球状带细胞长轴长2.00~4.00μm,网状带细胞长轴长4.00~5.00μm、短轴长2.00~3.00μm。由于广西沼泽型水牛肾上腺的被膜、球状带和束状带均比摩杂一代水牛厚,且网状带细胞显著大于摩杂一代水牛。因此可以推断,广西沼泽型水牛在调节心脏的活动和血管压力、抵御冷应激、对抗药物毒副作用等方面均优于摩杂一代水牛。     

蒙古绵羊颈动脉体(CB)组织学结构的研究

蒙古绵羊颈动脉体是肉眼难以察觉到的扁平小体,颈动脉体的外面被覆有结缔组织被膜,断面观其实质由几个小叶组成.每个小叶由3～5个小球构成,每个小球也主要由Ⅰ型细胞和少量的Ⅱ型细胞组成,Ⅰ型细胞位于小球周边部.细胞圆形,染色深;Ⅱ型细胞分布于Ⅰ型细胞的周围、小球的边缘,细胞呈扁的细长形,细胞核为椭圆形.小球内除了Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型细胞外还存在有入球血管、间质细胞和神经节细胞.