CPPU对苹果组织形态发育及内源细胞分裂素含量的影响

苯基脲类细胞分裂素ＣＰＰＵ［Ｆｏｒｃｈｌｏｒｆｅｎｕｒｏｎ：１－（２－ｃｈｌｏｒｏ－４－ｐｙｒｉｄｙｌ）－３ｐｈｅｎｙｌｕｒｅａ］（试验名称为ＫＴ－３０）是一种活性很高的生长调节物质〔１〕。它对葡萄、梨、猕猴桃以及苹果等多种果树都有促进果实肥大的作用〔４～６〕。本试验对用ＣＰＰＵ处理的红富士苹果进行了果实形态发育、细胞组织学观察及内源细胞分裂素的提取测定等方面的研究,分析ＣＰＰＵ对苹果果实生长促进的作用机理,为该生长调节剂在果树上的有效应用提供科学依据。１　材料与方法１．１　材料对西北农业大学果…     

Patterns of oocyte development in natural habitat and captive <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salminus hilarii</Emphasis> Valenciennes, 1850 (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fecundity and oocyte development in Salminus hilarii female brood stock were analyzed with the aim of investigating the impact of migration impediment on oogenesis. Histological analyses of the ovaries were performed in adult females caught in two different environments—the Tietê River (natural) and captivity—and the gonadossomatic index, oocyte diameter and fecundity determined. Five germ cell development stages (oogonium, perinucleolar, cortical alveoli, vitellogenic, ripe) and two other structures (postovulatory follicles and atretic oocytes) were observed in females caught in the river. Captive animals lacked the ripe oocytes and postovulatory follicles and had a relatively higher number of atretic oocytes. Females in captivity are known to produce larger oocytes, and they release fewer eggs in each spawn (absolute fecundity) when compared with animals that are able to migrate. Our results suggest that the Tietê River is undergoing alterations which are being reflected in the reproductive performance of S. hilarii, mainly due to the presence of atretic oocytes in females caught in the river. The lack of postovulatory follicles and ripe oocytes in captive animals reveals that migratory impediment negatively impacts final oocyte maturation. However, the stage of maturation reached is adequate for ovulation induction with hormone manipulation.     

Reproductive biology of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) along the East Coast of the United States

The reproductive biology of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) along the U.S. East Coast is examined from a collection 1437 females sampled from nearshore to the continental slope and from Florida to New York over a period of 3 years (2001–2003). In most years concurrent sampling along the coast was conducted over spring and summer months to resolve the initiation of spawning. We examined the spawning location, pattern and timing, and calculated the fecundity of fish from 600 to 840 mm in length. Based on macro- and microscopic analysis of female gonads, bluefish are multiple spawners with indeterminate fecundity. The presence of all stages of development in fully mature ovaries further indicates that bluefish have asynchronous oocyte development. Mean age at first maturity for female bluefish was 1.90 years and 480 mm total length. Mean batch fecundity was 402,247 eggs and ranged from 114,513 to 920,746 eggs, depending on age and weight. Direct observation of gonads showed imminent spawning in Florida and North Carolina during March to April, and from April to August from Virginia to New York. Given the progression of oocyte development over the range of space and time we sampled, we suggest that bluefish exhibit continuous spawning during their migration from the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) to Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB).     

不同品种和年龄牛胆囊的比较组织学研究

通过对八例健康黄牛和健康小牛胆囊的比较组织学观察，我们发现，牛胆囊中以颈部粘膜皱臂明显，体部渐平坦，底部最少。粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮，内有少量杯关细胞，大部分胆囊可见有淋巴滤泡，但是在血管周围未见淋巴和异染细胞的浸润，证明滤泡的形成与胆囊感洒无关。这种淋巴滤泡在黄牛胆囊中较多，水牛胆囊仅见一例。在黄牛和水牛胆囊中，均有腺体存在，黄牛的腺体明显多于水牛。腺体分为浆液腺、粘液腺和混合腺。老龄牛胆囊中腺     

毒害艾美耳球虫晚熟系选育及其生活史研究

以剂量为l200～20000个孢子化卵囊／羽的毒害艾美耳球虫(E．necatrix)北京株(中熟系)感染3日龄京星黄羽肉仔鸡，收集感染后第11天粪便中卵囊，孢子化后接种无球虫鸡进行连续传代，经传代16次后，发现其排卵囊高峰较母株(中熟系)推迟了2天，即由接种后第7天推迟到第9天，且连续3代排卵囊高峰均出现在第9天，有较好的稳定性。生活史研究表明，其各阶段虫体均比母株的大，但潜在期不变，推测可能是选育得到的晚熟系卵囊中尚含有少量中熟系卵囊的缘故。     

Biochemical and histological hepatic changes of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed to carbaryl

The purpose of this study was to evaluate biochemical and morphological responses induced by carbaryl in the liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed during 21 days to sublethal concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 mg L⁻¹), testing also recover for 14 days in clean water, after 14 days exposure. The activities of the following enzymes were measured: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Globally, our data showed that exposure to carbaryl decreased the SOD, CAT, GR, and GST activities, except for the SOD and GST activities after 14 days exposure to 0.25 mg L⁻¹. In contrast, after 14 days exposure the GR activity of the hepatic tissue from carbaryl-treated fish showed significant elevation in relation to the control. When fish were left to recover, a positive response was seen in the GSH and GSSG contents. The results of the recovery group suggest that the toxicity produced by carbaryl is reversible to some extent within 15 days. The liver histological analysis showed differences between fish concerning the cellular vacuolization degree (VD) of the hepatocytes. In fish exposed to carbaryl it was observed an increasing hepatocellular basophilia. No other histological alterations were observed when fish was exposed to carbaryl, except a few necrotic foci at day 7. The sections stained with PAS reaction showed that the vacuolization was always not due to glycogen deposits, thus suggesting lipid accumulation. The combined increased basophilia and glycogen depletion is a common, although non-specific, liver response to many toxicants. In short, this work shows a relation between histological and biochemical changes in liver and carbaryl exposure. The effects of carbaryl were observed at different concentrations.     

蒙古绵羊颈动脉体(CB)组织学结构的研究

蒙古绵羊颈动脉体是肉眼难以察觉到的扁平小体,颈动脉体的外面被覆有结缔组织被膜,断面观其实质由几个小叶组成.每个小叶由3～5个小球构成,每个小球也主要由Ⅰ型细胞和少量的Ⅱ型细胞组成,Ⅰ型细胞位于小球周边部.细胞圆形,染色深;Ⅱ型细胞分布于Ⅰ型细胞的周围、小球的边缘,细胞呈扁的细长形,细胞核为椭圆形.小球内除了Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型细胞外还存在有入球血管、间质细胞和神经节细胞.     

Histology and Ultrastructure of Incompatible Combination Between Puccinia striiformis and Wheat Cultivars with Low Reaction Type Resistance

The incompatible combinations between races of Puccinia striiformis and wheat cuitivars withlow reaction type resistance were examined by means of fluorescent microscopy, differential interference con-trast microscopy and electron microscopy. The incompatible combinations consisted of wheat cultivar Niuzhuteplus CY28, Hybrid46 plus CY29 and Tianxuan882 plus CY29, while the compatible combination was wheatcultivar Huixianhong plus CY28. The observation revealed a striking difference in the fungal development andthe host responses between susceptible and resistant wheat cuitivars following infection by the pathogen. Themain histological manifestation of the pathogen development in the resistant wheat cultivars include inhibitionof hyphal growth, delay of hyphal branching and colony formation, decrease of formation of haustorial mothercells and haustoria, and occurrence of host cell necrosis. The observation by electron microscopy demonstratedthat a series of abnormal changes occurred in intercellular hyphae, haustorial mother cells and haustoria dur-ing pathogen development in the resistant wheat cultivars. The cytoplasm became more electron-dense and vac-uoles in the cytoplasm increased in number and size. The cell walls of hyphae, haustorial mother cells werethickened irregularly. The organeiles were disorderly distributed in the cytoplasm and the haustorial mothercells and haustoria lost their physiological function. In the final stage of the pathogen development, the inter-cellular hyphae, haustorial mother cells and haustoria became necrotic and collapsed. The structural defensereactions such as formation of cell wall apposition, collar and encasement of haustorium were essentially morepronounced in the infected wheat leaves of the resistant cultivars than in the susceptible one. In addition, therelationship between the host resistance expression and the histological and cytological features occurred in theincompatible combination was discussed in this paper.     

剪切标志鲤科鱼类背鳍软条的组织学观察

对７种鲤科鱼类（草鱼、青鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、团头鲂、鲤鱼、银鲫）采用剪断背鳍软条的方法作标志，约２个月后伤口处形成一节瘤状突起。根据组织学观察，瘤状突是一个坚硬的骨头，鱼经６１４天饲养，该标志性硬突不会消失。