Structure and functions ofPinus sylvestris var.sylvestriformis plantation ecosystem

Changbai pine (Pinus sylvestris var.Sylvestriformis) is an endemic and important tree species in Changbai Mountain. There were only 63 plant species in Changbai pine plantation, where hemicryptophyte was dominant(39.68%). Simpson diversity index was 0.87, Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 2.96, and evenness index was 0.82. Community structure were divided into three layers: tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer. The total biomass and net production were 111.982 t/hm² and 8942.80 kg/(hm² a) respectively. The total biomass for tree, shrub and herb layers were 106.150, 2.230, 2.264 t/hm², accounting for 94.79%, 1.99%, and 2.02%, respectively, and net production for those were 7465, 223, and 1182 kg/(hm² a), accounting for 83.47%, 2.49%, and 13.22% of the total respectively. The nutrient content in various organs is in the order of needle> branch> root> bark> trunk, For the assimilated organ, the nutrient content is in the order of N> K> Ca> P> Mg, and that in absorption organ is in the order of Ca> N> K> P> Mg. For the whole plantation ecosystem, nutrient content is in the order of soil> litter> herb layer> shrub layer> tree layer. Nutrient storage and its accumulation rate in tree layer take up 88.79% and 76.43% of the total, respectively. The project is funded by the Opened Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai     

雷公山姊妹岩大果马蹄荷群落初步研究

大果马蹄荷群落是雷公山森林生态系统中的一个类型，通过调查，对大果马蹄荷群落结构、群落特征、天然更新进行初步研究。     

关中西部农业产业化的现状与对策

大力推进农业结构不断优化升级,实现产业化经营,是提高中国农业的整体素质、综合效益和国际竞争力的有效途径。在分析关中西部资源、产业现状、制约因素的同时,提出了促进关中西部农业产业化发展的对策和建议。     

结实期不同时段高温对稻米品质的影响

选用扬稻6号（籼稻）和武育粳3号（粳稻）两个品种,利用人工气候室进行灌浆结实期阶段控温试验,探讨结实期高温对稻米品质指标和淀粉RVA的影响,以及温度影响的时段效应。结果表明,结实期温度对稻米品质影响明显,且不同品种、不同品质指标对温度的反应存在差异。结实期高温,使两品种长宽比变小,垩白粒率、垩白度变大,糙米率、精米率和整精米率显著降低,蛋白质含量升高,淀粉RVA谱特征值糊化开始温度、冷胶黏度、回复值和消减值升高,最高黏度、热浆黏度和崩解值下降;结实期温度对AC的影响因品种而异,高温使扬稻6号AC升高,武育粳3号AC降低。全结实期高温对稻米品质的影响最大,结实前期高温次之,结实后期高温的影响较小。从抽穗到开花后20 d是温度影响稻米品质的关键时期,对稻米品质的形成具有决定性作用,而结实后期（开花20 d后）环境温度对稻米品质的影响较弱。     

2Ai-2染色体在小麦部分同源染色体代换背景中的遗传

用中间偃麦草2Ai-2染色体特异的EST-PCR标记检测5个小麦-中间偃麦草二体异代换系(包括端体代换系)与普通小麦中国春(CS)杂交后代群体,研究外源染色体2Ai-2通过杂种向后代的传递率及其结构变异,并用基因组原位杂交进行验证。结果表明,第二部分同源群不同染色体代换背景对外源染色体传递的影响不同,在2B代换系的杂种中外源染色体或片段显示优先传递,而在2D代换系的杂种中其传递力则较低,2B代换背景更有利于2Ai-2染色体或片段的传递;外源染色体在杂种后代传递过程中会发生变异,在多数组合中,变异出现在着丝粒处;与短臂相比,外源染色体长臂更容易在世代中丢失;端体代换系中的外源染色体端体在杂种后代传递过程中容易丢失,且也会发生结构变异。基因组原位杂交结果证明了分子标记跟踪外源染色体的可靠性。     

约束砌块结构抗震试验分析

文章在拟收集和总结大量我国约束砌块墙片伪静力试验资料的基础上,研究了约束砌块结构的水平条带的数量、截面积;芯柱的填芯率、位置;约束柱的位置、截面积;b/h(高宽比)等因素,对约束砌块结构在水平地震力的作用下变形能力和抗剪能力的影响。提出了约束砌块砌体结构的恢复力模型。     

帕萨特轿车制动防抱死系统的检修

帕萨特轿车采用MK-Ⅰ型制动防抱死系统(ABS),该系统主要由电磁式轮速传感器、电子控制单元和液压调节器组成。本文从检修实例出发,介绍了其结构原理、故障诊断及主要部件检修方法。     

准双曲面齿轮几何结构参数设计研究

介绍了一种准双曲面齿轮几何结构参数设计方法,即在不考虑顶隙的情况下,小齿轮的顶锥与大齿轮的根锥相切,小齿轮的根锥与大齿轮的顶锥相切,应用准双曲面齿轮副的节锥几何关系来确定小齿轮的顶锥角、根锥角、顶锥顶点和根锥顶点到齿轮副轴线交错点的距离等几何结构参数,并推导和提供了相应的几何结构参数设计计算公式,最后,给出了一个计算实例说明这种方法。     

吉林省特用玉米现状、趋势及生产基地布局研究

简析了吉林省特用玉米生产现状及发展趋势,并根据依靠市场、因地制宜、行政区完整、可持续发展的布局原则,将吉林省特用玉米种植基地分为5个大区,提出建设特用玉米生产基地的保障措施。     

Tillage and land use effects on soil microporosity in Ohio, USA and Kolombangara, Solomon Islands

Micropores are important to soil moisture retention and plant growth. Microporosity and pore size distribution were evaluated using mercury intrusion porosimetery on aggregates from 35-year-old experiments started in 1962 at Wooster (40.5 °N, 82 °W) and South Charleston (39.8 °N, 84 °W) in Ohio, USA and from three land use practices on Kolombangara (8 °S, 157 °E) in Solomon Islands. Tillage treatments in Ohio included: moldboard plowing (MP), chisel plowing (CP), and no-till (NT) with continuous corn. The land use treatments in Kolombangara included: natural forest (NF), traditional farming (TF) and topsoil removal (TR). Pore size measured in aggregates ranged from 0.2 to 100 μm in diameter. Median pore radius was significantly (P < 0.05) larger for NT than for MP and CP treatments at Wooster, but not at South Charleston. Tillage treatments had significant effect on the volume of both storage and residual pores for both sites in Ohio. Volume of storage and residual pores were higher for Wooster than South Charleston soil. At Kolombangara, the NF treatment had significantly larger median and peak pore radii, and microporosity than TF and TR treatments. There was, however, no significant difference among treatments in the volume of pore size distribution. These data support a recommendation for adoption of no-till or conservation tillage in soils of the temperate region, and of minimal disturbance and effective erosion control in soils of the tropics.