水温对方格星虫幼体发育及变态的影响

研究了温度对方格星虫浮游期海球幼体发育和附着幼体变态发育的影响。实验用的亲虫来自本地海区,试验幼体通过人工催产和孵化获得。结果表明,浮游期海球幼体的发育时间与温度变化的关系极密切,并遵从Log istic曲线分布。适宜的发育温度为27.5~32.0℃之间。幼体变态发育的临界温度为27.5~28.0℃,适宜水温30.0~34.0℃之间。在30℃以上进行变态发育的幼体,变态率和变态成活率都明显提高,变态后成活率达20%以上。本文还讨论了中国方格星虫自然分布与海区水温分布的关系,认为方格星虫的自然分布自北向南增高的原因与水温有关。     

Movement and Distribution of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) Adults Under Different Temperature Differences in Different Lengths of Horizontal Grain Columns

Understanding insect movement and distribution is critical for developing an effective insect pest management protocol. Movement and distribution of adult Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) in response to nominal temperature differences of 5, 10, 15, and 20°C in 1- and 2-m horizontal columns filled with 12.5% moisture content wheat were studied in 24, 48, and 72 h of movement times. In the wheat columns without temperature differences, adults had a diffusion distribution pattern caused by their random movement. Adults showed bias movement to the warmer grain in wheat columns with temperature differences and preferred the warmer grain regardless of the magnitude of temperature differences in less than 24 h. Their distribution did not have significant differences among different movement times in 1- or 2-m columns. About 40% of adults moved to the warmer wheat located at 0.4 to 0.5 m in the 1 m column but did not move to the warmer wheat located at 0.9 to 1 m in the 2-m column. Therefore, length of grain column influenced detection of warmer grain by insects. Adults under different temperatures had a similar response as that under linear temperature gradients.     

夜温对蝴蝶兰成花诱导的研究

在智能化温室内,通过盆栽试验,采用指标测量、方差分析、多重比较等方法得出:适宜的夜温在蝴蝶兰花芽分化中起着非常重要的作用,18℃是花芽分化的最佳夜温。虽然夜温在15℃时,花茎抽出最早,但花茎萌发率比18℃夜温处理低6个百分点,花苞数平均少1.8个;而18℃夜温处理的蝴蝶兰花茎萌发率比22℃处理高14个百分点,花苞数平均高3个。     

鸡腿菇多酚氧化酶动力学特性

以邻苯二酚(C6H6O2)为底物,采用分光光度法在波长398nm下测定鸡腿菇Coprinus comaus多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,分析其pH值、温度及底物浓度等因素对PPO活性的影响.结果表明,鸡腿菇PPO活性的最适pH值4.0～5.0,最适温度20℃,在沸水浴30s后酶基本被钝化.鸡腿菇酶促褐变反应的动力学符合米氏方程,米氏常数Km为0.64mol·L-1,最大反应速度vmax为0.08U·min-1.对鸡腿菇不同部位的PPO活性分析表明,菌盖PPO活性＞菌柄(上)＞菌柄(下).     

永泰县猕猴桃丰产优质栽培技术

永泰县引进种植猕猴桃近10a,现已全面进入盛产期,种植效益显著。本文结合猕猴桃生物学特性和永泰县的自然条件,从科学建园、品种选择、苗木栽植、果树管理、整形修剪技术、病虫害防治、采收与贮藏等方面介绍永泰县猕猴桃丰产优质栽培技术等。     

低温对连州菜心采后贮藏品质的影响

以连州菜心为研究对象,分别于2、4、6℃和常温（25℃）条件下贮藏,用低场核磁共振（LF-NMR）技术和质构仪测定等方法,分别测定了菜心总含水量和硬度等指标,分析了不同温度下菜心水分及质构的变化。结果表明：在4种温度条件下,常温组的菜心品质整体显著低于其他3组（P<0.05）,贮藏期在6 d以内,2、4和6℃组之间无显著差异性（P<0.05）,均可以较好地维持菜心的品质,保持较高的含水量,降低失重率和呼吸强度,保持较高的硬度和可溶性固形物含量,延缓色泽变化和叶绿素降低。但贮藏时间大于6 d时,6℃组的菜心品质显著低于2℃和4℃组（P<0.05）,2℃和4℃组间无显著性差异。基于品质、能耗和成本综合考虑,对于贮藏6 d以内的菜心可以选择6℃贮藏,而对于贮藏时间大于6 d的菜心可选择4℃贮藏为宜。     

Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces

The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.     

利用微机对温室培育温度进行控制的研究

随着社会的发展和农业的进步,人们在各个季节都能吃上新鲜的蔬菜和水果.单片机和微型计算机在农业的发展中也起到了非常重要的作用.为此,以MCS51单片机温度控制系统对果蔬的培育环境进行温度控制为例,结合国内外先进温度控制系统的设计,对整个温控系统设计的硬件进行了阐述,说明了具体的调试步骤.     

新型家庭常温酸奶发酵剂

区别于一般酸奶发酵剂中的保加利亚乳杆菌和唾液链球菌嗜热亚种,利用德氏乳杆菌乳亚种AZ19型、棉子糖乳球菌SE1-2型,在风味、活菌数量、酸度变化等方面作初步探讨,制作出德氏乳杆菌乳亚种:棉子糖乳球菌:唾液链球菌的比例为1:4:4的1种新型在常温即可发酵,具有一般酸奶活菌数高,口味柔和,风味纯等特点的混合发酵剂,此发酵剂适合日常家庭酸奶制作。     

春季阶段性增温对小麦抗晚霜冻性和产量的影响

为揭示气候变暖下春季升温对小麦抗晚霜冻及产量的影响,在田间条件下,以黄淮海北片广适主栽小麦品种济麦22和山农28为试验材料,在返青-拔节期以塑料温棚日均增温0.86～0.9℃,连续增温28 d左右,至穗分化为药隔期前揭棚,研究不同气候年型下小麦产量对晚霜冻的响应,并以小麦叶片抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、相对...