鼠李糖乳杆菌益生素对猪生产性能及血清学指标的影响

[目的]为今后鼠李糖乳杆菌益生素的开发应用奠定基础.[方法]对照组猪饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分别饲喂添加2和4ml/头鼠李糖乳杆菌益生素(RLB)的基础日粮,研究鼠李糖乳杆菌益生素对猪生产性能及部分血清学指标的影响.[结果]试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组妊娠母猪的死产、畸形、木乃伊和弱仔猪的总数量比对照组减少36.36％和54.55％,且平均初生重提高5.38％和10.00％;试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组断奶仔猪的平均重量比对照组提高1.31％和2.96％;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组断奶仔猪的平均日增重分别提高5.03％和8.06％,料重比分别降低4.07％和5.81％,断奶仔猪的腹泻率分别降低74.90％和100.00％;试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组小猪的平均日增重较对照组分别提高1.60％和6.79％,料重比分别降低2.05％和5.13％.[结论]RLB可使断奶仔猪血清葡萄糖、IgA、白蛋白和总蛋白含量升高,血清胆固醇和IgG含量降低;RLB可以提高妊娠母猪、哺乳母猪、断奶仔猪和小猪的生产性能.     

广两优676在武夷山种植表现及高产栽培技术

广两优676是用广占63-4S与福恢676配制的优良杂交稻新品种,2013年通过国家农作物品种审定。2014年由武夷山市岚谷乡引进试种,表现出优质稳产,米质优,适应性广等特点。总结了广两优676在武夷山市岚谷乡作中稻种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

不同饲养标准对杜寒杂交肉用绵羊生产和屠宰性能的影响

本试验通过比较不同饲养标准杜寒杂交肉用绵羊增重、器官发育、屠宰性能及肉品质的差异,确定适宜的饲养标准。采用单因素试验设计,选取体重为(28.30±0.86)kg的杜寒杂交F1代肉羊600只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复50只。4组分别饲喂按照以下饲养标准配制的饲粮:本实验室(中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室)提出的杜寒杂交肉用绵羊饲养标准、美国NRC(2007)、英国AFRC(1993)以及我国农业行业标准的《肉羊饲养标准》(NY/T 816—2004),分别记为CARS、NRC、AFRC和HB。试验期81 d,每3 d记录1次采食量,每20 d进行1次称重,当CARS组羊只的平均体重达到44 kg时,每组选取10只羊进行屠宰,测定其屠宰性能、组织器官重量和肉品质等指标。结果表明:不同组羊只的实际干物质采食量,NRC组AFRC组CARS组HB组,其中NRC组与CARS和HB组间差异显著(P0.05),其他组间差异均不显著(P0.05);平均日增重和胴体重,CARS、HB、AFRC组间差异均不显著(P0.05),且均显著高于NRC组(P0.05);饲料转化率各组间存在显著差异(P0.05),CARS组HB组AFRC组NRC组;屠宰率,CARS组显著高于NRC组(P0.05),与HB、AFRC组间差异均不显著(P0.05);CARS组羊只的心脏、肝脏、肾脏重量占宰前活重比例显著高于其他组(P0.05);背最长肌失水率、肌肉色亮度、红度和黄度值,各组间均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结果提示,杜寒杂交肉羊在不同饲养标准下的实际日增重200~220g,从增重和屠宰性能上来看,CARS制订的饲养标准与国外饲养标准相比具有明显优势。     

饲料中添加肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽对海鲈生长性能、体组成、血清生化指标及肝脏与血清免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽对海鲈生长性能、体组成、血清生化指标及肝脏与血清免疫指标的影响。以初始均重为(9.05±0.05)g的海鲈幼鱼为试验动物,暂养1周后,挑选规格一致的健康试验鱼480尾,随机分为4组,每组4个重复(水族箱),每个重复放养30尾鱼。4组试验鱼分别投喂肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽添加水平为0(对照)、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%的试验饲料135 d。结果显示:1)0.50%组的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和成活率(SR)均显著高于对照组(P0.05),各添加组的饲料系数(FCR)均显著低于对照组(P0.05),且以0.50%组的FCR最低;2)各添加组的背肌粗脂肪含量均显著低于对照组(P0.05),0.50%组的背肌粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),全鱼的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分和背肌的水分、粗灰分含量在各组之间没有显著差异(P0.05);3)0.25%组的血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和总胆固醇(TC)含量显著低于其他各组(P0.05),血清甘油三酯(TG)含量各组间不存在显著差异(P0.05);4)0.50%和0.75%组的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),0.25%和0.50%组的肝脏溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),肝脏与血清的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性各组间不存在显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,在饲料中添加肌肉生长抑制素抑制肽能够促进海鲈的生长并提高免疫能力,本试验条件下最适添加水平为0.50%。     

A comparison between X‐ray fluorescence and dissolution methods employing lithium metaborate fusion for elemental analysis of soil clays

Abstract

A method employing fusion of soil clay samples with lithium metaborate (1:5 ratio) in a furnace at 1050°C for 1 hr. subsequent dissolution of the fused sample in 4% HNO₃. and elemental analysis for Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, and Ti by atomic absorption spectrometry was compared with the X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) fused disc technique for analysis. Duplicated analyses were performed on 15 clay samples from soils of the southern U.S and three API reference samples. The mean total percent recovery by this method was excellent (100.14 ± 2.85). Elemental oxide quantities in terms of SiO₂. Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO, CaO and K₂O determined by atomic absorption/flame emission (AA/FE) spectroscopy were in good agreement with values measured by x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) on the same subsamples (r = 0.89^* to 0.98^**). but somewhat more variable on subsamples seperated from different pretreatments (r = 0.70^* to 0.97^** ). The method, which has also been tested on 36 additional clay samples from a variety of Kentucky soils with total percent recoveries ranging from 96.5 ‐ 103.5%. demonstrated no bias due to mineralogy with respect to mixed, montmorillonitic. and siliceous classes. This technique presents numerous advantages over other elemental analysis techniques utilizing fusion, dissolution, or XRF spectroscopy with respect to time, effort and cost. With the introduction of inductively‐coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy. efficiency can be additionally improved.     

Effects of dietary carbohydrate sources on the growth performance and hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum Linnaeus.)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary carbohydrate sources on the growth performance and hepatic carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities of juvenile cobia. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain 20% glucose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, corn starch and wheat starch respectively. The results indicated that fish fed the wheat starch and dextrin diets showed significantly better weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio compared with those fed the other diets. However, fish fed the glucose diet had a significantly lower survival and condition factor than those fed the other diets. There were significant differences in the total plasma glucose and triglyceride concentration in fish fed diets with different dietary carbohydrate sources. Haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell and leucocytes were significantly affected by the dietary carbohydrate sources. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) were significantly affected by the dietary carbohydrate sources, while fish fed the glucose diet showed higher G6PD, PFK and FBPase activities than those fed the other diets. These data indicated that dextrin and wheat starch were the most optimal carbohydrate sources for juvenile cobia.     

绿壳蛋鸡IGF-Ⅰ基因SNPs分析及其与末期产蛋性能的相关性研究

本研究以胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(insulin-like growth factors-Ⅰ, IGF-Ⅰ)基因作为候选基因,运用PCR-RFLP法检测基因变异,并分析其变异与鸡末期产蛋性能的相关性。以绿壳蛋鸡(n=113)作为试验材料,对IGF-Ⅰ基因5'调控区进行遗传多样性研究。研究结果表明,该调控区扩增产物经PstⅠ酶切后出现AA、AB、BB共3种基因型,经χ²检验绿壳蛋鸡在IGF-Ⅰ位点上符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＞0.05)。相关分析表明,IGF-Ⅰ基因5'调控区PstⅠ位点对于产蛋末期(14和15月龄)的产蛋性能没有显著影响(P＞0.05)。     

Multi‐channel visual evoked potential as an ancillary tool to diagnose intraorbital optic nerve lesions

Multi‐channel visual evoked potential (MVEP) recording method was used to assist in diagnosing a 4‐month‐old Chinese Albino rabbit with an intraorbital mass. Subcutaneous MVEP of its both eyes were recorded simultaneously using 16 electrodes (4 × 4) multi‐channel array. Analysis of the cortical potential landscapes (CPL) showed that the conduction function of right eye was remarkably impaired in terms of decreased amplitudes and prolonged latencies. Specific side‐dominant distribution asymmetry of the decreased MVEP amplitudes indicated that the temporal side of the optic nerve (ON) was severely involved. Overall prolonged latencies of the CPL without side differences suggested that the functional impairment could have been caused by the mechanical compression exerted by an intraorbital mass. Surgical removal procedures confirmed that the mass was located temporally to the ON. Pathological examination provided a final diagnosis of a giant polycystic mucocele. Beyond its significance as a standard tool to assess functional changes of the visual pathway, MVEP recordings might assist locating intraorbital lesions that involve the ON by careful analysis of abnormal CPLs.     

甜樱桃四倍体杂种砧木Y1高频、高效离体再生体系研究

以甜樱桃四倍体矮化砧木Y1试管苗叶片为外植体,探讨了不同基本培养基、激素组合、暗培养时间和叶片发育阶段对其不定芽再生的影响,建立甜樱桃四倍体矮化砧木的高频、高效离体再生体系,为进一步进行遗传转化研究奠定基础。结果表明,甜樱桃四倍体矮化砧木Y1采用WPM培养基再生效果最好,明显优于MS和DKW培养基;最佳激素组合为6-BA2.0 mg.L-1+IBA1.0 mg.L-1;接种后暗培养可以明显提高不定芽再生率,最适宜暗培养时间为14 d;Y1试管苗顶部完全展开的幼嫩叶片再生能力最高。通过以上条件的优化,成功建立了甜樱桃四倍体矮化砧木的高频、高效离体再生体系,离体叶片不定芽再生率达90%,每叶片平均再生不定芽数达4.1。