饲用油腊的加工技术及应用

本文介绍了近几年在饲料工业生产中不同饲用油脂添加技术应用及研究,重点对常规喷涂技术、真空喷涂技术和固态油脂喷雾干燥技术进行综述、分析,并对饲料中应用的固态油脂生产加工和应用技术进行了展望。     

植物源蒸馏油对柑橘木虱控制效果的评价

植物源蒸馏油是一种新型植物油,本文探讨了植物源蒸馏油在害虫控制中的应用潜力。以矿物油乳剂为参照,以柑橘木虱为试虫,分析比较植物油蒸馏油的触杀和拒避作用。植物油和矿物油对柑橘木虱的卵、若虫和成虫均有一定的触杀作用,其中对若虫尤其低龄若虫的触杀作用最强,可达90%以上。两种油剂对雌虫产卵均有一定的拒避作用,拒避雌虫产卵维持约2 d。两种油剂对成虫寄主选择没有明显的拒避作用。总体上,植物源蒸馏油对柑橘木虱的触杀作用以及对成虫的拒避作用与矿物油相当。如果进一步改进该植物油的乳化效果,可替代矿物油乳剂应用于害虫防治中。     

现代集约化肉羊业主要关键技术研究与应用

专门化肉用种羊选定、引进后，通过适应性研究，在较大规模养羊业生产实践中。对现代集约化肉羊业的主要关键技术进行研究、完善和创新，组装集成并应用于生产。技术研究应用结果既为市场提供了大批专门化肉用种羊和优质安全的杂种肉羊，取得了高水平的研究成果及显著的经济效益和社会效益．又为我国目前正在迅速发展的集约化肉羊业提供了可靠的技术支持和理想的生产模式：从适宜的专门化肉羊品种到运用高效母羊快速扩繁技术．建立和完善有效的肉羊杂交利用体系，普遍应用种羊鲜、冻精生产大批肉用杂种羔羊，种植高产优质饲草及其科学加工调制和利用．建立严格兽医防疫制度．实行放牧 补饲或全舍饲的精细管理和集约化育肥，至生产优质、安全、标准肉羊，获得显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

Effect of dietary nutmeg oil on heat‐stress tolerance‐related parameters in Korean native chicken reared under hot temperature

This study investigated the effect of dietary nutmeg oil (NO) on growth performance, blood parameters, lipid peroxidation and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression in Korean native chicken (KNC) reared under hot temperature. We allocated 273 meat‐type KNCs (Hanhyup‐3, 4‐week‐old, body weight [BW] = 539.93 ± 1.75 g) to the following three treatments with seven replicate pens (13 birds/pen) per treatment. Three treatment diets were as follows: (a) Control, basal diet without NO supplementation; (b) NO 250; and (c) NO 500, basal diet supplemented with 250 and 500 ppm NO respectively. Diets and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 6‐week feeding trial. During overall period (0–6 weeks), no differences (p > 0.05) were observed in BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) among treatments. However, the FI at 0–3 weeks decreased (p < 0.05) quadratically with increasing NO levels. Most blood parameters did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments, although the monocyte level of the NO 500 group was considerably lower (p > 0.05) than that of the other groups. Furthermore, dietary NO did not affect serum triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p > 0.05); however, it linearly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased (p < 0.05) and heart MDA concentration was lower (p = 0.08) with increasing dietary NO supplementation. After a 3‐hr heat (35°C) challenge, the rectal temperature (RT) reduced (p < 0.05) linearly with increasing NO levels. Dietary NO did not affect liver HSP70 (p > 0.05) gene expression. In conclusion, NO potentially enhanced the ability of chickens to alleviate heat stress. Furthermore, our findings suggest that lipid oxidation inhibition by dietary NO likely mediated the enhanced heat‐stress tolerance of the chickens.     

Evaluation of the Feeding Value of Palm Press Fibre Using In Vitro Digestibility Techniques

Palm press fibre (PPF) was obtained from two sources, a small-scale oil palm processing unit and a large-scale factory processing unit, and its chemical composition was determined. In vitro digestibility techniques were used to assess the feeding value of untreated, defatted and sodium hydroxide-treated PPF. For the NaOH treatment, 0.5 g oven-dried PPF was treated for 24 h with 5% NaOH in three ways: treated and not washed (NaNW); treated and washed (NaW); and treated after milling (NAD).The results indicate that, on a dry matter basis, PPF is low in nitrogen (12–13 g/kg), moisture (37–90 g/kg) and ash (53–62 g/kg), but high in ether extract (269–355 g/kg), neutral detergent fibre (532–768 g/kg), acid detergent fibre (375–548 g/kg) and lignin (219 g/kg). The in vitro dry matter digestibility values were low for the samples from both sources, but the large-scale factory-processed PPF had higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (0.215 vs 0.166) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (0.196 vs 0.145). Defatting the PPF and treating it with 5% NaOH solution significantly (p<0.01) improved both the dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Washing the NaOH-treated PPF resulted in a higher digestibility of dry matter as against NaNW or NAD. These results suggest that defatting and treatment with 5% NaOH would improve the feeding value of PPF.     

Effect of dietary fish oil intake on ubiquitin ligase expression during muscle atrophy induced by sciatic nerve denervation in mice

Dietary fish oil intake improves muscle atrophy in several atrophy models however the effect on denervation‐induced muscle atrophy is not clear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil intake on muscle atrophy and the expression of muscle atrophy markers induced by sciatic nerve denervation in mice. We performed histological and quantitative mRNA expression analysis of muscle atrophy markers in mice fed with fish oil with sciatic nerve denervation. Histological analysis indicated that dietary fish oil intake slightly prevented the decrease of muscle fiber diameter induced by denervation treatment. In addition, dietary fish oil intake suppressed the MuRF1 (tripartite motif‐containing 63) expression up‐regulated by denervation treatment, and this was due to decreased tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) production in skeletal muscle. We concluded that dietary fish oil intake suppressed MuRF1 expression by decreasing TNF‐α production during muscle atrophy induced by sciatic nerve denervation in mice.     

滁菊挥发油提取工艺研究

目的:采用正交试验法筛选滁菊挥发油最优提取工艺。方法:以挥发油得率为考察指标,分别以药材粉碎度、加水量、浸泡时间、蒸馏时间为考察因素进行正交试验设计,确定滁菊挥发油的最佳提取工艺。结果:影响滁菊挥发油提取的最主要因素为粉碎度,其次为蒸馏时间、加水量、浸泡时间,滁菊中挥发油最佳提取工艺条件为:菊花粉碎度80-100目,14倍加水量,浸泡10 h,提取13 h。结论:此提取工艺合理可行,试验重复性较好,可用于滁菊挥发油的提取。     

Unsaturated vitamin b(12) binding capacity in human and ruminant blood serum - a comparison of techniques including a new technique by high performance liquid chromatography

A new technique by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-gel permeation) shows promise as a tool to separate and quantitate the Unsaturated Vitamin B(12) Binding Capacity (UBSC) of the individual Vitamin B(12) binders in blood serum. This method, although not as rapid as protein-coated charcoal or cellulose separation techniques, is more applicable for use with large numbers of samples than gel filtration. The use of a radioactivity detector to monitor the eluant from the column permitted automation of the method. Comparable results for UBBC and for the UBBC of individual binders were obtained when samples were analyzed by gel filtration and HPLC. The HPLC method proved suitably precise and the recovery of added cyanocobalamin was acceptable. It is proposed that HPLC be the method of choice for measurement of the USBC of binders of Vitamin B(12) in blood serum.     

鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-减蛋综合征三联油乳剂苗的研制及应用

用新城疫病毒（克隆H88株。）、传染性支气管炎病毒（JP株和H52株）和减蛋综合征病毒（H91株）分别接种于鸡胚和鸭胚,并收取其含毒鸡、鸭胚尿囊液,用一定浓度甲醛溶液灭活,按一定比例混匀,以7号白油为佐剂制成鸡新城疫（ND）－传染性支气管炎（IB）－减蛋综合征（EDS76）三联油乳剂灭活苗（三联苗）。三联苗免疫30日龄雏鸡,免疫后7天产生免疫应答,免疫后21天保护率达100％。疫苗在4℃～8℃保存期为12个月,10℃～25℃保存期为6月,该疫苗在全省不同地区鸡群应用400余万羽份,取得满意效果。     

饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪肠道黏膜免疫应答的影响及大豆异黄酮的干预作用

本试验旨在通过研究饲喂氧化鱼油对新生仔猪生长性能、肠道黏膜氧化相关指标、免疫因子、氧化和免疫共同相关因子的影响以及添加大豆异黄酮(SI)对其的干预作用,探讨氧化应激对新生仔猪生长、肠道免疫应答的影响机制.试验选用4日龄新生仔猪96头,分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头仔猪,各组饲粮中分别添加5%新鲜鱼油(Ⅰ组)、5%...