热技术方法测算树木茎流的发展及应用

热技术方法根据其设计原理可分为热脉冲法、热平衡法、热扩散法和激光热脉冲法.回顾利用热技术方法测算树木茎流的历史,概述热技术方法的产生和发展过程,重点论述4种热技术方法的设计原理、最新研究成果和概况,及实际应用中需注意的问题.基于热技术法的特殊优点,对其拓展性应用前景进行了展望:应用热技术方法对林木耗水进行尺度扩展,扩展模型中主导环境因子的导入,不同树种群体耗水量的估测等难点问题的深入研究和解决,将推动热技术理论和研究方法的进步.对现有的研究成果和研究目标进行分析认为,热扩散方法将成为未来几年研究树木液流的重要测算方法.     

Approaches to Configuration Determinations of Flexible Marine Natural Products: Advances and Prospects

Flexible marine natural products (MNPs), such as eribulin and bryostatin, play an important role in the development of modern marine drugs. However, due to the multiple chiral centers and geometrical uncertainty of flexible systems, configuration determinations of flexible MNPs face great challenges, which, in turn, have led to obstacles in druggability research. To resolve this issue, the comprehensive use of multiple methods is necessary. Additionally, configuration assignment methods, such as X-ray single-crystal diffraction (crystalline derivatives, crystallization chaperones, and crystalline sponges), NMR-based methods (JBCA and Mosher’s method), circular dichroism-based methods (ECCD and ICD), quantum computational chemistry-based methods (NMR calculations, ECD calculations, and VCD calculations), and chemical transformation-based methods should be summarized. This paper reviews the basic principles, characteristics, and applicability of the methods mentioned above as well as application examples to broaden the research and applications of these methods and to provide a reference for the configuration determinations of flexible MNPs.     

植物在园林造景中的作用

植物是构成园林景观的要素之一,它具有创造、组织、拓展园林空间的造景功能和观赏功能;植物造景须从造景需要出发,选择合理的配置方法。     

森林生物多样性价值会计核算研究综述

森林生物多样性价值会计核算是森林生物多样性保护与可持续利用的一项重要基础性工作.文中总结了国内外森林生物多样性价值会计核算的相关研究情况及存在的问题, 以期为进一步的理论研究及实践提供条件和依据.     

鸡传染性支气管炎实验室诊断方法研究进展

传染性支气管炎是鸡的一种重大传染病,临床上无典型的病变特征,诊断较为困难。现有的实验室检测方法有血清学、病原学和分子生物学方法,但该病病原变异复杂,血清型众多,交叉免疫性低,临床上又多采用活毒进行免疫,以至实验室无法对疫苗毒和野毒进行准确区分。为了更好地控制本病,有必要根据临床特点对目前各种检测鸡传染性支气管炎的方法及其优缺点进行分析,为临床寻找一种适合的快速准确的诊断方法、制定合理的免疫程序和发展新型的诊断方法提供参考。     

松材线虫病疫木不同伐除方式对森林植物群落演替的影响

采用标准地调查法,对不同立地条件下松材线虫病除治迹地生态系统的植物种类丰富度、密度、多样性指数、均匀度指数及垂直结构情况进行调查和分析。结果表明:立地条件的差异和疫木不同采伐方式对植物群落次生演替的进程和方向都有不同程度的影响。立地条件较好,无论是皆伐、择伐还是不采伐,除治迹地植物群落乔木层和灌木层较受害前纯林的种类丰富度和多样性指数都有一定程度的增加;而立地条件较差的,经皆伐后,植物群落的种类丰富度和多样性指数不仅没有增加,反而降至极低,原有松林群落向灌丛方向退化。     

Model uncertainty in the ecosystem approach to fisheries

Fisheries scientists habitually consider uncertainty in parameter values, but often neglect uncertainty about model structure, an issue of increasing importance as ecosystem models are devised to support the move to an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). This paper sets out pragmatic approaches with which to account for uncertainties in model structure and we review current ways of dealing with this issue in fisheries and other disciplines. All involve considering a set of alternative models representing different structural assumptions, but differ in how those models are used. The models can be asked to identify bounds on possible outcomes, find management actions that will perform adequately irrespective of the true model, find management actions that best achieve one or more objectives given weights assigned to each model, or formalize hypotheses for evaluation through experimentation. Data availability is likely to limit the use of approaches that involve weighting alternative models in an ecosystem setting, and the cost of experimentation is likely to limit its use. Practical implementation of an EAF should therefore be based on management approaches that acknowledge the uncertainty inherent in model predictions and are robust to it. Model results must be presented in ways that represent the risks and trade‐offs associated with alternative actions and the degree of uncertainty in predictions. This presentation should not disguise the fact that, in many cases, estimates of model uncertainty may be based on subjective criteria. The problem of model uncertainty is far from unique to fisheries, and a dialogue among fisheries modellers and modellers from other scientific communities will therefore be helpful.     

“学为中心”视域下动物解剖学教学方法的反思

由于信息技术的快速发展和动物医学专业需求的变化,动物解剖学教学在内容和方法方面发生了重大变化。动物医学专业教育已从被动和以教师为中心向积极、以临床为基础和以学生为中心转变。本文在“学为中心”背景下分析各种教学模式在动物解剖学教学中的作用和有效性。     

谈税务审计后的账务调整

为了真实反映企业财务状况和经营成果,防止新的、重复的错误发生,必须做好税务审计后的账务调整工作,使错账得以真正纠正。对错账的调整,应根据错账事项的所属时期、问题性质以及会计科目处理的要求进行确定。现行会计制度对有关企业日后调账所运用的会计科目做了规定,在税务稽查后调账应依据执行。但是税务审计调账中涉及的一些具体问题应灵活掌握。     

中国蓝莓嫁接研究进展与展望

蓝莓作为营养价值很高的水果,近年来在我国的栽培面积正逐步扩增,同时老园区品种更新问题也开始出现。嫁接是果树品种更新常用的方法,同时也是苗木繁育常用的技术手段。本文综述了蓝莓嫁接时间、嫁接方法及其他影响蓝莓嫁接成活的因素、蓝莓嫁接亲和性机理研究、嫁接后蓝莓对环境条件适应性变化以及嫁接后蓝莓果实产量和品质变化相关文献,以期为蓝莓嫁接相关研究提供新思路和参考,为蓝莓生产实践提供可靠指导;此外,本文对未来蓝莓嫁接研究方向做出展望。