运用RS和GIS方法分析天津市平原区Hg含量空间分布

综合利用遥感(RS)的监督分类方法和地理信息系统(GIS)的缓冲分析技术手段,对天津地区Hg 元素的空间分布规律进行分析,研究了河流、城区距离及农业土地利用类型等因素对研究区土壤Hg污染程度的影响。结果表明,河流、城区距离与农业用地类型是影响天津城郊地区土壤Hg污染的主要因素。这表明RS和GIS结合是快速进行农业环境地球化学等研究的有效手段。     

云南省部分地区食用菌重金属含量的分析及评价

对云南文山和保山市售13种鲜食用茵样品中的铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量进行了检测,并结合国家卫生质量标准(GB 7096-2003)及《绿色食品-食用菌》NY/T 749-2003,对被测食用菌中的重金属含量进行安全评价.结果表明:产自文山和昆明的被检食用茵样品中As、Cd、Pd的含量严重超出国家卫生限量标准,产自保山的食用菌重金属Cd含量严重超标,As、Pd在部分样品中也超标.该研究对云南省食用菌生产市场安全性质量控制提出了警示.     

湿沉淀对采汞地区山地土壤中汞的影响

There is abundance of Mercury mine resurces in the Fanjinshan Mountain,Mining mercury has a long history there,The concentration of geseous Hg produced in smelting He reaches 20-50mg/m^3 in the tail gas.Because mercury element is an easily transferring microelement,the paper talks about the effect of mercury in Hg mining in Guizhou Province on alpine soil,analyses Hg content in alpine soil at 2000 m of relative elevation in the Hg mining area,and explores for causes of the Hg pollution.     

锌对汞胁迫下小麦种子萌发的影响

通过溶液培养研究了不同浓度锌(Zn)对汞(Hg)胁迫下小麦种子萌发率、芽长、根长以及萌发过程中α淀粉酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,单独Hg(15mg·L-1)胁迫下,小麦种子萌发率降低,根长与芽长受到抑制,α淀粉酶与过氧化氢酶活性降低,蛋白酶活性升高。加入10~100mg·L-1Zn后,种子萌发率未表现出明显变化,根长、芽长及α淀粉酶受抑制情况缓解,缓解程度随Zn浓度升高而下降,表明Zn可在一定程度上缓解Hg对小麦种子的毒害,但须在一定浓度范围内;10mg·L-1Zn减弱了Hg单独胁迫对小麦种子蛋白酶活性的促进作用,使其恢复至接近对照水平,20~100mg·L-1Zn则表现出对蛋白酶的抑制作用,使其活性低于对照水平,并且随Zn浓度升高呈下降趋势。Zn的加入对Hg单独胁迫下活性降低的过氧化氢酶未表现出缓解抑制的作用,反而进一步抑制了酶的活性,并且随着Zn浓度升高,抑制作用逐渐加强。因此,Zn的加入可在总体上缓解Hg胁迫对小麦种子萌发的影响,最适Zn浓度为10mg·L-1,但这种缓解作用只表现在部分方面。     

天津市复垦地土壤汞元素的研究

[目的]为了研究天津市南部地区复垦地土壤汞元素的含量特征,促进土地复垦工作的进一步开展。[方法]建立了8个工作区,配套采集复垦地、残留建设用地、周边农用地的耕层土壤及土壤剖面,并且进行相关研究。[结果]复垦地土壤汞元素普遍低于周边农用地。农用地汞元素含量与农业生产关系密切。复垦地土壤剖面含量规律性不强,与周边农用地土壤剖面差异很大。[结论]应减少污水灌溉,使用重金属含量低的肥料,防止复垦地土壤汞元素的累积。     

Blood Response to Mercury Exposure in Athletic Horse From Messina,Italy

Mercury (Hg) exists in various chemical forms, and it is different to health effects. The most toxic effects occur in the central nervous system during fetal development with irreversible alterations of the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex and, it is essential to monitor the tissue residues of Hg to protect the animal’s health. The present investigation was carried out during May 2019 in 20 horses located in equine sport center near the area of Milazzo, Messina, that is a part of Sicilian territory heavily polluted by many toxic substances. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of Hg in blood, serum, food, and water administered to horses and from the hematological profile as a biomarker of blood in relation to the bioaccumulation of Hg. The hematologic parameters (red blood cell, white blood cell, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelets) were processed with an automated hematology analyzer, and Hg concentrations were determined by DMA-80. To carry out the variation in the Hg levels in serum and blood, the data were subjected to paired t-test analysis; post-hoc comparisons were performed using Tukey’s test. The differences were considered statistically significant when P < .05. Paired t-test showed that in blood samples, Hg concentrations were significantly higher than the serum, and blood samples were positively correlated with serum (r = 0.99; P < .0001). The Hg contents determined in blood, serum, hay, and water samples were below the respective benchmarks, and therefore, we can exclude any toxicological risk for athletic horse.     

2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中重金属污染情况调查及风险评估

本试验旨在调查2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的污染情况,评估饲料原料的污染风险。试验收集烟台市莱阳、威海市文登、青岛市莱西、潍坊市诸城、日照市莒县、临沂市沂水、德州市夏津等地不同饲料生产厂家使用的8种饲料原料,包括玉米、豆粕、麸皮、花生粕、棉籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、干酒糟及其可溶物( DDGS)和微量元素预混料,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法( ICP-AES)检测镉、铅和铬元素的含量,应用原子荧光光谱法( AFS)检测砷和汞元素的含量,计算检出率、平均含量、超标率、最高含量与平均含量比值( HC/AC)和离散系数。结果表明：饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的检出率分别为32.29%、7.29%、12.50%、100.00%和100.00%;阳性样品中平均含量分别为0.21、1.27、2.12、3.48和0.02 mg/kg,超标率分别为0.00、1.04%、1.19%、54.76%和9.52%;微量元素预混料中砷、铅和镉元素,棉籽粕中铬元素及花生粕中汞元素的HC/AC最大,微量元素预混料中镉元素、花生粕中汞元素、豆粕中砷元素及棉籽粕中铅和铬元素离散系数最大。综上所述,肉鸡饲料原料中铬和汞元素污染严重;微量元素预混料中砷、镉、铬和铅元素、棉籽粕中铬和铅元素、花生粕和豆粕中汞元素易出现严重污染,因此建议制定预混料和饼粕类饲料中多种重金属元素的限量标准。     

土壤中汞的化学形态及其影响因素

An investigation and on 13-year-old(1984-1996) Chinese fir and Tsoong‘s tree mixed forests in Jianou City,Fujian Province,China was carried out to compare the influences of different interplanting types of individual tree-tree,row-row,row-strip(three rows)and pure Chinese fir stands on soil properties.Compared with the pure stands of Chinese fir ,the mixed stands exerted a posivtive effect on soil fertility,with increases in soil organic matter,total N,available P and available K.Moreover,improvements were also observed in soil enzymatic activities ,aggregate structure,structure,stability,status of soil porosity,soil aeration and penetrability in miexd stands.The row-row interplanted stands had the best effect on tree growth and soil properties among these mixed forests.In the southern subtropical region,the spreading of the row-row mixing model of the two tree species would be helpful to preventin ghe soil from fertility deterioratio caused by successive plantation of Chineses fir.     

不同类型土壤-小白菜中Hg转移的主控因素和预测模型

为研究Hg的生物有效性、移动性和转移特征对环境和食品安全的重要性,采集全国18种不同理化性质的土壤,利用温室实验,以小白菜为研究对象,通过添加外源Hg,研究Hg从土壤到小白菜的转移特征,探索影响Hg生物有效性的主要影响因子并建立预测模型。结果表明:不同土壤理化性质、不同浓度Hg处理对小白菜生长表现出多样性,或促进(黄棕壤、黑土、垆土、潮土)、或抑制(灰漠土、湖南水稻土)、或没有显著影响(红壤、砖红壤)。采用逐步多元回归分析并建立了预测模型用于测定小白菜地上可食部分的Hg生物富集因子(BCF)和土壤性质如pH、有机质(OM)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、总氮(TN)、总钾(TK)、铁铝氧化物之间的相关性。预测模型表明:pH和OM是影响Hg从土壤转移到小白菜中两个最关键的因素。     

我国土壤-蔬菜作物系统重金属污染及其安全生产综合农艺调控技术

近年来,重金属污染耕地安全利用技术研究取得了突破进展,然而将这些关键技术与蔬菜传统高度集约化种植模式进行耦合的研究还比较少,大规模推广应用鲜见报道。因此,本文在查阅最新发表文献的基础上,梳理了我国土壤-蔬菜作物系统重金属污染状况,归纳了蔬菜作物重金属吸收积累特征,并总结了重金属污染蔬菜地安全生产综合农艺调控技术研究进展。当前,我国蔬菜地土壤重金属污染以中轻度为主,且区域分异明显。蔬菜作物重金属超标现象在全国各地时有发生,给蔬菜产业发展和人类健康带来了极大的危害。蔬菜作物对重金属的积累能力因种类、品种、部位而异,受基因型、土壤理化性质和外界环境条件的制约,因此调整种植布局、选用重金属低积累品种、合理轮间套作、施用土壤改良剂和钝化剂、优化水肥管理技术等农艺调控措施是目前中轻度重金属污染蔬菜地安全利用的重要技术途径。未来在进一步深入研究土壤-蔬菜系统重金属迁移转化规律的基础上,宜加强土壤-蔬菜地系统安全生产技术标准、传统种植模式与综合农艺调控措施耦合技术、长期定位试验及风险评价等方面的研究,以实现重金属中轻度污染蔬菜地的安全利用和农产品的安全生产。