水稻半外卷叶突变体sol1的表型分析与基因定位

适度卷曲有利于提高水稻叶片的光合效率,增加植株光合产物的有效积累量。我们利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理籼型水稻保持系西农1B,获得一个稳定遗传的水稻半外卷叶突变体。该突变体从十叶期开始各叶片逐渐向外卷曲直至半卷状,并伴随茎秆半矮化和叶片披垂,暂被命名为semi-outcurved leaf 1 (sol1)。与野生型(WT)相比, sol1的叶片卷曲指数均达到30%以上(P<0.01);倒一、倒二、倒三、倒四节节间长度和穗长极显著缩短,倒一、倒二、倒三叶的叶夹角显著或极显著增加;有效穗数、千粒重、每穗实粒数、结实率显著或极显著下降,一次枝梗数则增加11.3%(P<0.05)。sol1的蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度显著高于野生型。石蜡切片显示, sol1倒一叶的泡状细胞体积变小,数量显著增多,表皮细胞体积略微增大。遗传分析表明, sol1的半外卷叶性状受1对隐性核基因调控,定位于6号染色体标记JY6-3和JY6-10之间165kb的物理范围内,共含15个注释基因。qRT-PCR结果表明,与泡状细胞相关的内卷基因和外卷叶基因RL14、Roc5、REL1在突变体sol1中呈...     

Dormancy Characteristics of Malus ‘Snowdrift’ and Effects of Spraying 6-benzyladenine on Its Germination and Flowering in Long-day Treatment

[Objective] The dormancy characteristics of Malus ‘Snowdrift’ in long-day treatment were studied, and 6-BA was used to break the dormancy, with the aim to achieve the purpose of flowering in autumn. [Method] The new shoots of ‘Snowdrift’ in long-day treatment were conducted with hydroponics to investigate their dormancy time. And cytokinin 6-benzyladenine(6-BA)was used to treat the dormant shoots, to investigate the budding, flowering and flower bud differentiation. [Result] The shoots in long-day treatment entered endodormancy after August 7~(th) and the shoots in the natural daylight entered endodormancy before July 18~(th). In long-day treatment, 116 buds, 198 flowers were observed after 6-BA spraying. [Conclusion] The optimum concentration of 6-BA was 300 mg/L. And the flower bud differentiation of ‘Snowdrift’ in long-day treatment was faster than those in natural daylight after 6-BA spraying.     

RT-PCR方法检测烟草环斑病毒的研究

 根据烟草环斑病毒（TRSV）外壳蛋白基因非编序列设计的引物P1,P2,用感病及健康组织总RNA为模板,进行cDNA 合成和PCR试验,感病组织中扩增出了600 bp的目的片段,而健康组织中无此扩增带。摸索各项实验条件,建立了RT-PCR检测烟草环斑病毒（TRSV）的方法。     

白脊飞虱研究初报

白脊飞虱是滇西北丽江自20世纪90年代以来发现的重要害虫,不仅直接危害玉米、小麦和大麦,而且是玉米粗缩病的主要传毒介体。国内对白脊飞虱的研究甚少。主要就滇西北丽江白脊飞虱田间消长规律、主要习性,白脊飞虱与玉米粗缩病的关系等进行初步探讨,并提出白脊飞虱的防治对策。     

Effect of Psammaplin A on in vitro Development of Bovine Aging Oocytes

To investigate the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitor Psammaplin A (PsA) on the development of bovine aging oocytes in vitro,oocytes were randomly divided into control group,aging group and 50 mmol/L PsA treated aging group (PsA group).Immunofluorescence staining and JC-1 were used to detect the blastocyst rate of bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation,the number of cells in blastocysts,apoptosis,reactive oxygen species (ROS),glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of embryos.The results showed that the blastocyst rate of the aging group was significantly lower than that of PsA and control groups (P<0.05).The blastocyst rate of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of control group and PsA group were significantly higher than that of aging group (P<0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The apoptosis rate in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05),the apoptosis rate of PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The GSH level of MⅡ oocytes in aging group was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in GSH level between control and PsA groups (P>0.05).The ROS level of the embryos in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The ROS level in PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential of early embryos of aging group 4-8 cells was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of control group was significantly higher than that of PsA group (P<0.05).In summary,PsA could effectively delay the aging of bovine oocytes and improve the quality of oocytes.     

An assay for quantitative virulence in Rhynchosporium commune reveals an association between effector genotype and virulence

Detailed knowledge of the evolutionary genetics of virulence is needed to understand and predict host–pathogen dynamics. This study used a virulence assay based on digital image analysis and treated virulence as a quantitative rather than a binary trait. Such quantitative data may better reflect the genetic underpinning of virulence in many pathogen systems and provide better resolution in statistical investigations. A greenhouse experiment based on a common garden design was conducted to measure virulence (% of leaf area covered by lesions) of 126 genetically distinct isolates of the barley scald pathogen, Rhynchosporium commune, originating from nine field populations around the world. Virulence in this pathosystem was found to be a quantitative trait with a continuous distribution in all populations. By comparing population genetic differentiation for virulence and neutral microsatellite markers (i.e. a Q_ST/G_ST comparison), evidence that virulence is under stabilizing selection across populations was found. Heritability values were high and ranged from 0·52 to 0·96 with a mean heritability of 0·84. Virulence was positively correlated with spore production as predicted by the trade‐off theory of virulence evolution. Furthermore, an association analysis between virulence and sequence haplotypes of three known necrosis‐inducing effector genes (NIP1, NIP2 and NIP3) revealed a significant effect of NIP2 haplotypes and NIP1 deletions. Overall, the results support a quantitative model for virulence in the R. commune–barley pathosystem and very high evolutionary potential for this trait.     

丛枝菌根真菌对鸢尾的促进作用研究

为高效利用水陆两栖植物鸢尾修复污染水体,本研究通过测定不同的丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与鸢尾构建共生体系的生长指标、土壤理化性质及植物光合作用指标,探讨不同AMF对水生植物鸢尾的促进作用。结果表明:AMF对鸢尾的促进作用主要体现在地上及地下两部分,其中地下部分通过利用其庞大的菌丝网络吸收土壤中的营养物质,进而促进了鸢尾的生长,其中对比无菌剂侵染的空白植物,摩西球囊霉作用的鸢尾对氮元素的吸收率提高71.75%,磷元素的吸收率提高8.36%,而根内球囊霉作用的鸢尾对氮元素的吸收率提高42.55%,磷元素的吸收率提高9.5%;而地上部分则是通过加强叶片气孔导度的开启来调控植物净光合速率与蒸腾速率之间的平衡,进而提高了鸢尾的最优水资源利用率,加快植物的新陈代谢,最终促进植物的生长发育。其中对于鸢尾光合作用的调节摩西球囊霉的促进效果显著好于(P0.05)根内球囊霉。     

石榴花中多酚、黄酮及萜类物质同步提取工艺优化

为更有效地利用石榴(Punica granaum L.)花中多种活性成分,以石榴花为原料,利用乙醇溶剂浸提法,在单因素试验的基础上选择提取温度、提取时间、液固比、乙醇体积分数4个因素进行正交试验,优化了石榴花中3种活性物质同步提取工艺。结果表明,影响石榴花中多酚、黄酮及萜类物质同步提取的因素大小顺序为提取温度提取时间乙醇体积分数液固比,其最优的工艺条件为60%乙醇溶液作为提取溶剂,液固比20∶1(m L∶g),85℃条件下提取2.0 h;在此条件下多酚、黄酮及三萜类物质的提取率分别是22.19%、6.53%、0.94%。石榴花中多酚、黄酮及萜类物质可以同步提取出来,可有效提高石榴花资源的利用率。     

榆林市退耕还林后续产业发展研究

研究表明,退耕还林可持续的根本出路在于后续产业的培育。榆林市退耕还林后续产业发展存在优势产业规模小,主导产业培育不足,龙头企业少,加工业严重滞后,产业化运行机制不健全,农业结构调整步伐缓慢等突出问题。根据榆林市退耕还林后续产业发展现状及相关研究结果,提出如下对策:(1)发展灌木资源,开发以红枣为主导的小杂果以及生态旅游等林业产业;(2)立草(灌)为业;(3)发展以陕北绒山羊、奶牛为主导的舍饲畜牧业;(4)调整种植业结构布局,重点发展杂交玉米制种、小杂粮、马铃薯优势产业和沙产业;(5)充分利用区域能源开发及能源工业发展的大好机遇,吸收资金,反哺涉农相关产业。     

禽类Mx基因GTP酶效应区(GED)序列适应性进化分析

为进一步了解禽类Mx基因进化历程及结构与功能变异,测定了4种经济类型11个地方鸡品种:肉用型(惠阳胡须鸡、清远麻鸡、文昌鸡)、兼用型(藏鸡、狼山鸡、寿光鸡、北京油鸡、萧山鸡、鹿苑鸡)、蛋用型(白耳鸡)、药用和观赏型(丝羽乌骨鸡)Mx基因GTP酶效应区(GTPase effector domain,GED)序列,并结合已报道的原鸡及部分其他鸡形目和雁形目禽类相关序列,采用mrModeltest和MrBayes筛查最适核苷酸替代模型、构建贝叶斯进化树,并采用Datamonkey和PAML4b检测位点选择压力。结果:获得了中国地方鸡种Mx基因GED区核苷酸序列,全长231 bp,编码77个氨基酸。序列联配结果表明家鸡Mx基因GED区高度保守,仅发现3个突变位点,分别位于2 032 bp、2 075 bp和2 139 bp处。AIC信息量准则表明禽类Mx基因GED区的最优核苷酸替代模型为GTR+G。基于最优模型重建的禽类Mx基因GED区贝叶斯进化树具有较高的后验概率,揭示的系统发育关系和禽类物种进化基本一致。Datamonkey的单一断裂点扫描和遗传算法扫描均未发现禽类Mx基因GED区序列数据集有重组事件,位点选择压力检测结果表明禽类Mx基因GED区在进化过程中并未受到正选择作用。