基于Markov过程的张掖绿洲土地利用预测

根据河西绿洲张掖市2002、2003和2004年3个时点的土地变更详查数据,应用马尔科夫过程模型预测了未来5年内河西绿洲张掖市土地利用结构变化.结果表明: (1) 2006～2010年5年间,河西绿洲张掖市耕地变为园地、林地、牧草地及建设用地.(2) 5年间河西绿洲张掖市土地利用类型面积变化幅度最大的是林地,土地利用类型主要转化表现为由耕地、园地、牧草地、建设用地、未利用土地向林地转化,其中耕地向林地转化的面积最大.     

甘肃河西走廊盐碱地改造利用技术探讨

本文通过调查分析和试验研究,就甘肃省河西地区盐碱地改良的主要措施进行分析,指出了存在的问题,并提出了河西地区盐碱地改造利用的基本思路。     

Drainage Ditches Facilitate Frog Movements in a Hostile Landscape

Ditches are common in landscapes influenced by agricultural, forestry, and peat mining activities, and their value as corridors remains unassessed. Pond-breeding amphibians can encounter hostile environments when moving between breeding, summering, or hibernation sites, and are likely to benefit from the presence of ditches in the landscape. Within a system consisting of ditch networks in bogs mined for peat in eastern New Brunswick, Canada, I quantified the breeding, survival, and movements of green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota) in drainage ditches and also surveyed peat fields. Frogs rarely ventured on peat fields and most individuals frequented drainage ditches containing water, particularly in late summer. Though frogs did not breed in ditches, their survival rate in ditches was high (88%). Ditches did not hinder frog movements, as frogs moved independently of the current. Results indicate that drainage ditches containing water enable some movements between habitats isolated by peat mining, in contrast to peat surfaces, and suggest they function as amphibian movement corridors. Thus, such drainage ditches may mitigate the effects of peat extraction on amphibian populations. At the very least, these structures provide an alternative to hostile peat surfaces. This study highlights that small-scale corridors are potentially valuable in population dynamics.     

河西地区观赏性草坪的建植与管理

经6年经验,探索出一套适合在河西地区建植观赏性草坪的栽培和管理技术,河西地区选择草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草、高羊茅3草种,按种子重量5：2：3的比例混播,以16g/m^2的播种量下种,播种后坪床用细沙覆盖,苗前和苗期漫灌,加强抚育管理,建坪当年其品质评定指标可达到5级,且投资少,青绿期长。     

河西走廊地区不同氮磷钾最佳配比对棉花产量影响

在甘肃河西走廊地区开展了棉花氮磷钾最佳配比和施用量的田间试验。结果表明,N在172.5~241.5kg/hm2的前提下,氮磷钾各因素对棉花产量的影响顺序为P>K>N;氮、磷对棉花单株铃数影响较大,而钾对单铃重的影响较大。最佳氮磷钾配比为N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.67:0.23。     

绿肥与化肥配施对小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响

在甘肃河西绿洲灌区,通过田间试验研究在施氮总量不变的条件下,由绿肥代替相同含氮量的化肥对小麦产量、经济性状、土壤肥力和土壤微生物数量的影响.结果表明,第一年随着绿肥量的增加,小麦产量具有下降趋势,但绿肥收获后各处理的土壤肥力却得到显著增加；第二年随着绿肥量的增加小麦产量依次增加,以70％化肥N+30％绿肥N处理产量最高...     

Hyper-spectral characteristics of rolled-leaf desert vegetation in the Hexi Corridor,China

Desert plants survive harsh environment using a variety of drought-resistant structural modifications and physio-ecological systems. Rolled-leaf plants roll up their leaves during periods of drought, making it difficult to distinguish between the external structures of various types of plants, it is therefore necessary to carry out spectral characteristics analysis for species identification of these rolled-leaf plants. Based on hyper-spectral data measured in the field, we analyzed the spectral characteristics of seven types of typical temperate zone rolled-leaf desert plants in the Hexi Corridor, China using a variety of mathematical transformation methods. The results show that:(1) during the vigorous growth period in July and August, the locations of the red valleys, green peaks, and three-edge parameters, namely, the red edge, the blue edge, and the yellow edge of well-developed rolled-leaf desert plants are essentially consistent with those of the majority of terrestrial vegetation types;(2) the absorption regions of liquid water, i.e., 1400–1500 and 1600–1700 nm, are the optimal bands for distinguishing various types of rolled-leaf desert plants;(3) in the leaf reflectance regions of 700–1250 nm, which is controlled by cellular structure, it is difficult to select the characteristic bands for differentiation rolled-leaf desert vegetation; and(4) after processing the spectral reflectance curves using a first-order differential, the envelope removal method, and the normalized differential ratio, we identify the other characteristic bands and parameters that can be used for identifying various types of temperate zone rolled-leaf desert plants, i.e., the 510–560, 650–700 and 1330–1380 nm regions, and the red edge amplitude. In general, the mathematical transformation methods in the study are effective tools to capture useful spectral information for species identification of rolled-leaf plants in the Hexi Corridor.     

甘肃河西走廊地区水中氟的分布规律及环境特征

在甘肃河西走廊地区,随内陆流域水系的产生,径流消亡,从山区至山前平原,氟(F-)的迁移分布具有显著的淋溶-径流、径流-蒸发与溶滤-蒸发浓缩富集3个水文化学分带;在湖盆洼地以及沙漠边缘地区,不仅地下水中F-相对富集,且具有深部地下水F-含量大于浅层地下水及地表水F-含量的上小下大的垂直分带性;F-的富集与贫化与水化学特征关系密切,一般在低SO42-的贫钙碱性水环境,如Cl-·HCO3--Na+或HCO3--Na+型水中,有利于F-的溶解与富集。相对封闭的水文环境与干旱的气候条件为F-在水中溶解、迁移和富集提供了有利条件。     

河西走廊地区不同氮磷钾最佳配比对棉花产量影响

在甘肃河西走廊地区开展了棉花氮磷钾最佳配比和施用量的田间试验。结果表明,N在172.5￣241.5kg/hm2的前提下,氮磷钾各因素对棉花产量的影响顺序为P>K>N;氮、磷对棉花单株铃数影响较大,而钾对单铃重的影响较大。最佳氮磷钾配比为N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.67:0.23。     

河西地区沙产业可持续发展刍议

通过对河西走廊荒漠化现状的分析评价,从河西地区的资源与区位优势、水土资源条件、农林牧业发展状况、产业结构布局等方面,分析了河西地区沙产业发展的必要性和现实意义。提出了河西地区沙产业发展的方向是:以水资源的持续、合理利用为目标,农林牧、粮经草全面、协调发展,发展生态产业,培育产业经济带,延伸产业链,形成结构合理的沙产业发展格局。引进节水、高效的植物种、品种和优良家畜,发展苜蓿草产业、麻黄、甘草、黄芪等中药产业、肉羊和肉牛等暖棚式舍饲畜产业、棉花和马铃薯产业、酿造葡萄产业和日光温室蔬菜、花卉产业等,构建河西走廊复合的农林牧生产系统,促进荒漠绿洲沙产业的持续发展。