水稻籽粒蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量的配合力与杂种优势分析

利用两组5×5双列杂交,以 Griffing模型Ⅰ分析籽粒蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量的配合力与杂种优势表现。结果表明:1.蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量均受加性和非加性基因效应的共同作用,但蛋白质以加性效应为主,游离氨基酸以非加性效应为主;2.蛋白质不存在显著的胞质效应,而游离氨基酸则存在极显著的胞质效应;3.蛋白质杂种优势较小,其最强的组合超中亲优势值仅为13.75％,而游离氨基酸存在强大的杂种优势,最高的组合可达155.17％;4.蛋白质、游离氨基酸一般配合力间存在极显著线性关系,在一般配合力改良上可同步进行; 5.京香1号、培矮64、IR58、Mcp231-2具有较高的一般配合力和较大的特殊配合力方差,可作为优良亲本利用。     

小麦杂种后代籽粒蛋白质含量的配合力研究

选用６个蛋白质含是高低不同的亲本，采用Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ双列杂交方法二，对亲本在Ｆ１－Ｆ３的蛋白质含量配合力作了研究。结果表明，蛋白质含量的ＧＣＡ与ＳＣＡ方差均极显著，表明在要试验中基因加性效应和非加性效应均起重要作用。但由于三个世代ｇｃａＭｓ／ｓｃａＭｓ值均极显著，且随着世代的推进这一比值又逐渐增加，因此蛋白质含量在杂种后代的表现主要还是由基因加性效应决定，随着世代的推进，基因加性效应越显重要，在     

A comparison of progeny from diallel crosses of diploid potato with regard to the frequencies of 2n-pollen grains

Summary Selection of diploid potato genotypes that produce high frequencies of 2n-pollen grains in different environments is an important requirement for analytic breeding as well as for true potato seed production. In this context, quantitative estimates of 2n-pollen formation were made in two type of diploid potato populations. One population set consisted of the progeny from diallel crosses of five well-known diploid potato clones (A=US-W 5293.3, B=US-W 5295.7, C=US-W 5337.3, D=US-W 7589.2 and E=772102-37). Another population set was obtained by pollinating three genotypes of Solanum phureja, IvP35, IvP48 and IvP101 with clones A, C and E. It was observed that the behaviour of the parental clones with respect to 2n-pollen grains formation in different environments, such as in Europe and China, was stable. The correlation coefficient between means of 2n-pollen grains frequency of combinations and percentage of genotypes with more than 5% 2n-pollen grains in a given combination were estimated and that between mean and maximum frequency of 2n-pollen grains formation in each combination. The results showed that the former coefficients were significant wheareas the latter were not. The combining ability analysis revealed variation in 2n-pollen grains formation between families. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects contributed much more than general combining ability (GCA) to the variation in 2n-pollen grains formation. The broad-sense heritability of 2n-pollen grains formation was estimated to vary between 0.45 and 0.53 and the narrow-sense heritability was calculated to be 0.15 and 0.20 in the two types of populations. This means that additive variance was relatively low. Two to four genes were estimated to control the inheritance of 2n-pollen grains formation.     

几种化学物质浸种对辣椒种子发芽力的影响

用不同浓度的硼砂、钼酸铵、氯化钙及赤霉素溶液浸种，结果表明：Ｂ．Ｍｏ可不同程度地提高辣椒种子的发芽力，均以０．３ｇ／Ｌ的浸种效果较好，且Ｍｏ的效果优于Ｂ；Ｃａ也可提高辣椒种子的发芽力，在４．０￣１６．０ｇ／Ｌ的范围内，发芽高峰值及发芽值随浓度的增大而增加；赤霉素则抑制辣椒种子的萌发。     

冬小麦亲本配合力在不同世代和年份间的稳定性研究

用９个冬小麦亲本按ＮＣＩＩ交配设计配成２０个杂交组合,分析了Ｆ２－Ｆ５世代８个产量性状的配合力在世代和年份间的稳定性。结果表明：克草粒数（籽粒数／茎秆草重）、千粒篝,收获指数、每穗粒重和每穗粒数的一般配合力在不同世代和年份间表现基本一致,早代测定的可靠性高。单株粒重和生物产量的一般配合力在Ｆ２、Ｆ３世代间相关性低,Ｆ４代以后明显增高,说明宜晚代测定配合力。在Ｆ４、Ｆ５世代间所有性状的特殊配合力均显     

杂交稻对白叶枯病菌主基因抗性的配合力分析

以８种不同胞质类型的不育系及其保持系与９个恢复系配制的７２个不育系杂种及保持系杂种为材料,研究了杂交稻对白叶枯病菌主基因抗性的配合力。结果表明,杂交稻的抗性以主基因抗性为主,但同时也受双亲中与抗性有关的其他加性、显性及上位性基因效应的影响。说明杂交稻的抗性强弱取决于双亲抗性基因互补和累加程度高低。     

Diallel study of open-pollinated maize varieties in Trinidad

Summary In Trinidad, maize (Zea mays L.) is primarily harvested in the immature stage as green ears for human consumption. The purchase of popular imported hybrid seed has become a substantial component of the economic inputs of maize production. The objectives of this study were to investigate combining abilities and heterotic patterns among available open-pollinated varieties and to assess correlations among five important traits: time to silking, plant height, grain yield, ear size, and marketable ears per hectare. General combining ability was significant for all traits. Specific combining ability was significant for all traits except ear size. Three intervarietal crosses showed moderate levels of heterosis (10–27%), and several yielded similarly to the control hybrids, Pioneer X304 and Pioneer 3078. The cross Acid Soil Tolerant 1991 SA-3 X ICTA Farm Corn was selected as the most suitable base population for mass selection. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations among the five traits studied were all positive and significant. Populations which flowered early were shorter and yielded less than the late flowering and taller populations and population crosses included in this study.     

高赖氨酸玉米主要品质性状的配合力分析

用4个软质胚乳和4个硬质（或半硬质）胚乳的高赖氨酸玉米自交系，进行8×8完全双列杂交试验，分析了后代籽粒品质性状的遗传表现和配合力。软质胚乳亲本和硬质胚乳亲本杂交时，当代F1籽粒的胚乳硬质度表现出显著的正反交差异，以硬质亲本作母本时F1籽粒硬质度较高，但F2籽粒的硬质度无显著的正反交差异。硬×硬类型杂交后代的     

陆地棉种质系间农艺性状配合力效应分析

以４个优质陆地棉ＰＤ种质系和一个丰产的推广品种为母本与４个无蜜腺品系为父本，配制２０个Ｆ１，分析了２４个农艺性状的配合力效应及其与Ｆ１的表型相关。结果表明，全部农艺性状的一般配合力效应都显著，表明这些性状受加性基因控制。另外第一果枝处茎粗、总果枝数、每铃种子数、每铃不孕子数、子害率等７个性状的特殊配合力效应也显著，表明这些性状除受加性基因控制外．还有不可忽视的非加性基因的作用。ＰＤ３２４９和光无ＢＲ一Ｓ一１０为综合性状优良的亲本。鄂荆１号、斯字棉８２５为产量配合力高的亲本。双亲一般配合力效应之和与Ｆ１的表型相关均极显著，特殊配合力效应与Ｆ１的相关则只有部分性状显著。本文讨论了由一般配合力效应评价组合优劣的问题.     

小麦二系混合种的产量优势及其成员品种的生态组合力研究

利用3个耐盐小麦品种和4个普通丰产品种,按不完全双列混配法等量混配成12个二系混合种,在花碱地上研究了小麦二系混舍种的混合优势及其7个成员品种的生态组合力。结果表明,小麦二系混合种的混合优势普遍存在,且组合间的混合优势差异显著,平均优势幅度为—4.5％～20％,超亲优势为—12.3％～16.8％;生态组合力分析表明,成员品种间生态组合力差异显著,同一成员品种在不同的环境中生态组合力表现亦有差异。因此,在混配小麦二系混合种时,应选择生态组合力好的成员品种进行混配,这样会选出混合优势强的高产二系混合种。