几种热带亚热带牧草生长性能测定

本文对１０种引进的热带亚热带牧草物候期、花籽的形态特征、产籽量、种籽净度、发芽率等项目进行测定，测定结果，１０种牧草在我地区均可以完成生殖生长，收到种子。但在产籽量，发芽度等方面存在着很大的差异。     

The Use of Herbs in Pastures: An Interview Survey Among Bio-Dynamic and Organic Farmers with Dairy Cattle

Lack of knowledge about the effects of herbs in pastures and the frequency of their use by today's organic farmers has limited the development of new methods to improve animal health compatible with organic farming principles. Understanding farmers' agricultural practices is an early step in a participatory research process. With this in mind, we conducted a two-tiered, semi-structured survey of Danish organic farmers with dairy cattle to begin documenting their practices. Out of 350 farmers, 255 completed a mailed questionnaire – a response rate of 73%. Of these participating farmers, 66 (26%) confirmed their use of herbs in pastures. Caraway was sown at an average rate of 500 g of seed per hectare by 60 (91%). Of these, 32 used solely caraway, while 7 used it in combination with parsley. Twenty-one used caraway together with herbs other than parsley. Six used one or more herbs, not including caraway, such as chicory, chervil, dill, fenugreek, great burnet, and salad burnet. Further details concerning cultivation, convictions, observed effects, and information sources were obtained through telephone interviews. The results of this study would indicate that more research in this field is called for. Naja W. Smidt is a M.Sc. student in agricultural sciences at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark. Leon Brimer is an Associate Professor of chemical food safety at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark. His research focuses on the interface between chemistry and biology with special emphasis on aspects of cultivation, processing, and use of plants with physiologically active components (toxins).     

Nutritional composition of selected green leafy vegetables,herbs and carrots

Six green leafy vegetables and herbs – spinach, amaranth, bengal gram, cauliflower, mint, coriander and carrots – were analyzed for moisture, protein,ascorbic acid, -carotene, total iron, ionizable iron (as % of total iron) in vitro iron (% of total iron), copper, manganese and zinc. Moisture content of the leaves and carrots varied from 75.1 percent (bengal gram) to 95.4 percent (carrot) and protein from 9.83 percent (carrots) to 30.9 (mint) percent. Ascorbic acid, -carotene, total iron and ionizable iron contents were at a maximum in case of bengal gram leaves whereas level of ionizable iron and in vitro iron as a percent of total iron was highest in carrots. Copper, manganese and zinc contents were maximum in spinach.     

甘肃省富硒中药材产业探微

富硒产业作为一种新型特色产业已悄然兴起,多地政府部门正在立足当地资源优势和市场前景,极力发展富硒特色产业,打造富硒品牌。富硒中药材也被作为中医药产业的一个新的经济增长点和产业链来培育和发展。笔者阐述了硒元素对人体的作用功效和对植物的生长发育影响,分析了当前富硒产品的开发应用现状以及富硒中药材产业的市场开拓前景,并针对甘肃省中药材产业的发展现状,指出了当前开发富硒中药材产业存在的问题,同时提出了相关意见和建议。     

抑制山女鳟源水霉菌菌丝及游动孢子生长的药物筛选

研究了药物对山女鳟水霉病病原的抑制及杀灭效果,即中草药抑制水霉菌丝生长和抗水霉制剂抑制孢子的生长。实验选用过氧化氢、甲醛等6种常用抗水霉制剂及地肤子、蛇床子等16种中草药单方和2种复方(T1、T2)分别采用孢子计数法和琼脂平板扩散法对水霉游动孢子及菌丝的体外抑菌效果进行研究。研究结果显示,过氧化氢和甲醛抑孢子的效果优于孔雀石绿,而检科Ⅰ号、亚硝酸钠和过氧乙酸的抑制效果不及孔雀石绿。石榴皮和复方T1能有效抑制菌株SN的菌丝生长;地肤子、肉桂、柠檬、苦参、大蒜、黄精、茴香和菖蒲对菌株几乎无抑菌作用;黄芩、虎杖、金银花、苦楝皮、复方T2、蛇床子、土槿皮和大黄均有较好的抑制作用。实验为合理的筛选有效抑山女鳟水霉菌药物及制定科学有效地抗霉剂使用方法提供理论依据。     

唐宋时期阿拉伯农作物和药材品种在中国的传播

唐宋时期,中国和阿拉伯诸伊斯兰国家展开了频繁的科学文化和经济交流。随着回回民族的东来,阿拉伯珍贵的农作物和药材品种,也源源不断地通过丝绸之路输入到我国。这些由阿拉伯民族新输入的经济品种,不仅增加了我国农作物和药材的种类,而且也丰富了各族人民的物质文化生活。对中国古代社会经济的开发,起到了重要的促进作用。     

中草药提取物“益绿素”对草杂鸡生长性能的影响

摘要：目的：本试验研究了中草药提取物“益绿素”对鸡生长性能的影响。方法：试验选用160只1日龄健康草杂鸡,随机分为两组,即：试验组和对照组,益绿素分别按0和0.2%添加到对照组和试验组鸡的基础日粮中,试验期为30天,在7、14、21和30日龄早晨空腹称重,每天记录饲料消耗量,试验全期观察试验鸡的健康状况。结果：本试验的结果表明,试验组鸡的增重较对照组高, 试验组鸡体重较对照组在第二周、第三周和第四周分别提高2.04%,5.88%,6.34% 差异显著(p <0.05);试验组经济效益较对照组提高了2.14%。结论：中草药提取物“益绿素”作为饲料添加剂对草杂鸡生长性能有明显的促进作用。关键词：中草药提取物;益绿素;鸡;生长性能;经济效益     

Chemical composition of indigenous wild herbs,spices, fruits,nuts and leafy vegetables used as food

Thirty wild fruits, nuts, herbs, spices and leafy vegetables were characterized and their chemical composition determined. Some of them were not only used for food, but for medicine in minor aliments by the natives. Results of the proximate analysis showed that on dry weight basis, the crude protein content ranged from 4.6 to 22.1 percent for spices and herbs, 3.2 to 43.1 percent for fruits and nuts, and 15.9 to 35.7 percent for leafy vegetables. The fat (ether extract) ranged from 7.5 to 36.0 percent for spices and herbs, 1.8 to 72.6 percent for fruits and nuts and 10.6 to 22.6 percent for leafy vegetables. Total carbohydrate content ranged from 34.6 to 71.9 percent for spices and herbs, 11.3 to 76.1 percent for fruits and nuts, and 24.6 to 51.4 percent for leafy vegetables. The wild fruits, nuts and leafy vegetables are high in ascorbic acid (Vitamin C.) Ascorbic acid content ranged from 18 mg/100 g dry sample to 113 mg/100 g sample for fruits and nuts, and 23 mg/100 g to 232 mg/100 g sample for leafy vegetables. The levels for peroxide value and free fatty acids (as percent oleic acid) of the spices are generally low indicating good storage stability of these plant materials. The flavour imparting essential oils (as percent oleoresin) content of the spices/herbs were fairly high and ranged from 0.1 to 5.2 percent.     

保丰玉米对玉米田间植物和节肢动物的影响初报

为明确BT转基因玉米对田间生态环境的影响 ,2 0 0 0年对美国孟山都公司抗玉米螟的保丰玉米 (BT转基因玉米 )对田间杂草及节肢动物影响的调查。结果表明 :保丰玉米对田间杂草发生的种类和数量均无影响 ,对节肢动物除玉米螟和蚜虫有显著影响外 ,对瓢虫、蜘蛛、叶甲、金龟子、蟋蟀、步甲、蝼蛄、蓟马、蝽和蜂类等昆虫种群数量的变化基本无影响