Effect on Rendement Napole genotype on metabolic markers in Ossabaw pigs fed different levels of fat

We investigated effects of Rendement Napole (RN ) genotype on metabolic markers in Ossabaw pigs fed diets with different levels of dietary fat. Thirty‐two pigs, belonging to either the wild‐type (WT , rn⁺/rn⁺) or carrier (CAR , RN ^?/rn⁺) genotypes (n  = 16/genotype), were divided into two dietary groups, (high fat [HF ] or low fat [LF ]) diets, for 12 weeks (n  = 8 pigs/genotype/diet) after which pigs were killed for gene expression analysis by RT ‐PCR . Feeding HF diet caused increased daily gain (ADG , p  <  .05) and final body weight (BW ) (p  <  .05) in comparison with the LF diet (p  <  .05). Feed efficiency (gain:feed) was higher (p  <  .05) in pigs on the HF and was higher (p  <  .05) in CAR pigs compared to WT . There was genotype × diet interaction (p  =  .05) on final BW such that CAR animals on LF diet had the same final BW as animals of both genotypes on HF diet. Carrier pigs on LF diet had higher (p  <  .05) average daily gain and gain:feed than WT pigs. There was a trend (p  <  .08) for a higher feed consumption in pigs on the LF diet. Backfat thickness was higher (p  <  .01) in pigs on the HF diet. Serum triglyceride was higher (0.62 vs. 0.33 mg/dl, p  <  .01) in pigs on HF diet. Serum insulin was higher (p  <  .05) in CAR versus WT pigs (0.40 vs. 0.015 μg/ml). Pigs on the HF diet had a higher (p  <  .05) serum insulin compared to those on the LF diet (0.032 vs. 0.023 μg/ml). Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1‐alpha was higher (p  <  .05) in the longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscles of pigs on HF diet. Acyl‐CoA oxidase I was elevated (p  <  .05) in the liver of pigs on HF diet. Fatty acid synthase was lower in the longissimus dorsi muscle, liver and mesenteric fat (p  <  .05) of carrier pigs. The RN gene regulates specific metabolic markers in the Ossabaw pigs.     

菊粉的原生素作用研究进展

本文综述了菊粉的原生素作用及机理 ,主要包括菊粉的微生物发酵、营养、免疫和抗癌作用等。     

Persistence of an oilseed rape transgene in the environment

Transgenic bromoxynil (BX)-resistant spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was grown commercially in Canada only for two crop seasons – 2000 and 2001. We investigated the persistence of suspected BX-resistant oilseed rape volunteers in a 64-ha wheat field in Saskatchewan, Canada in 2007, 7 years after the BX-resistant cultivar BX Armor was grown. A small oilseed rape volunteer population, estimated at less than 100 plants, was observed in three main areas or patches in the field. These patches were located in low-lying areas that were too wet to plant or spray with herbicides in 2007. Viable seed was collected from 35 mature volunteers and F₁ progeny screened with BX at 280 g ai/ha in the greenhouse. Progeny of all of the volunteers were visually rated as BX-resistant; the presence of the Oxy 235 transgene in leaf tissue of progeny of all volunteers was confirmed by PCR analysis. This study has documented the longest persistence of oilseed rape volunteers in Canada. Volunteers were not observed in 2008 or 2009, because of drought conditions in spring of both years. Results support the findings from previous studies that persistence of volunteer oilseed rape populations in western Canada is generally ephemeral or transitory in the absence of seed bank immigration. However, this study shows that oilseed rape transgenes can persist in the environment for a number of years even after all cultivars with the conferred trait are removed from the market.     

解放钟和早钟6号枇杷果实的贮藏性与采后生理变化比较

较研究解放钟与早钟6号枇杷果实在20℃贮藏条件下果实的贮藏性及采后生理变化规律.结果表明,解放钟枇杷果实比早钟6号枇杷果实较耐贮藏,耐贮藏的解放钟枇杷果实贮藏期间果实失水率较低,保水能力较强.贮藏期间,枇杷果实的总酸含量快速下降,但解放钟枇杷果实能保持较高的总酸含量,而且极显著高于早钟6号枇杷果实;可溶性糖和还原糖含量在贮藏前期(0～5 d)略有上升而后缓慢下降;超氧歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性表现为先升后降的趋势,而且有酶活力峰出现,与解放钟枇杷果实相比,早钟6号枇杷果实SOD和CAT活性变化幅度大、酶活力峰提早出现,代谢不稳定;早钟6号枇杷果实H2O2和MDA含量均比解放钟枇杷果实高,表明早钟6号枇杷果实活性氧代谢加强,从而加快果实衰老,缩短果实保鲜期.     

包膜尿素与普通尿素对夏玉米碳氮代谢的影响

以郑单958玉米为材料,连续2年比较了包膜尿素与普通尿素对夏玉米碳氮代谢影响的差异.结果表明:施氮提高叶片与茎鞘总糖含量,12叶展前以普通尿素处理效果较好,吐丝后以包膜尿素处理效果较好;施氮显著提高叶片与茎鞘全氮含量,以包膜尿素处理效果较好;施氮降低茎鞘C/N,降幅以包膜尿素处理较大;施氮使氮收获指数下降,包膜尿素处理降幅较普通尿素处理大;叶片与茎鞘碳转运发生于乳熟至成熟期,而叶片与茎鞘氮转运分别主要发生于乳熟至成熟期和吐丝至乳熟期,碳、氮转运量一般以包膜尿素处理较大,包膜尿素能改善夏玉米碳氮代谢状况.     

抗旱性不同的苹果属植物水分胁迫下核酸代谢及自由基变化

 水分胁迫引起苹果属植物中抗旱性较弱的平邑甜茶和抗旱性较强的新疆野苹果幼苗叶片相对含水量(RWC) 、DNA、RNA 含量下降, O₂^-·、H₂O₂ 含量增高, DNase、RNase 活性上升; 其中DNA 含量下降的幅度小于RNA , DNase 活性上升的幅度小于RNase。抗旱性较强的新疆野苹果在水分胁迫下幼苗叶片的RWC、DNA、RNA 含量下降的幅度以及O₂^-·、H₂O₂含量增高、DNase、RNase 活性上升的幅度均小于抗旱性较弱的平邑甜茶。水分胁迫下平邑甜茶和新疆野苹果幼苗叶片的DNA、RNA 含量与RWC、O₂^-·、H₂O₂ 含量和DNase、RNase 活性间均呈显著相关。     

大豆异黄酮代谢产物——雌马酚的功能作用研究

雌马酚是大豆异黄酮的主要组分之一,是大豆素的代谢产物,有30%～50%的人能将大豆素转化为雌马酚,影响最重要的因素是肠道菌群,其他影响因素目前尚不完全清楚。雌马酚较其原型具有更为有效的生物学作用,因此受到普遍关注。研究和开发雌马酚的生物活性,在多种常见慢性病的预防与控制方面具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

单粒精播对花生活性氧代谢、干物质积累和产量的影响

以小粒型花生品种花育23号为研究材料,在大田条件下对比研究了单粒精播技术对花生叶片活性氧代谢、群体地上部植株和荚果干物质积累动态和产量的影响。结果表明,单粒精播种植可提高SOD、POD和CAT等保护酶活性,降低膜脂过氧化物MDA含量,且单、双粒种植处理间差异达显著水平;花生单粒精播条件下,花生地上部植株和荚果的干物质积累动态相对稳定,干物质积累量和积累速率显著提高;SOD活性与地上部干物质积累速率显著相关,是影响花生干物质积累动态的主要抗氧化酶。本研究说明,单粒精播可通过影响花生花后活性氧代谢水平,尤其是SOD酶活性,延缓植株衰老进程,改善地上部群体和荚果的干物质积累动态,从而促进荚果产量的提高。     

花后土壤水分胁迫对大麦旗叶蛋白质代谢及内源激素变化的影响

以防雨池栽的方式,研究了花后土壤水分胁迫对大麦旗叶蛋白质代谢及内源激素变化的影响。结果表明:土壤水分胁迫对旗叶蛋白质代谢影响较明显,干旱提高了旗叶可溶性蛋白含量;同时水分胁迫也提高了蛋白水解酶活性,且随胁迫时间的延长,蛋白酶活性呈增高趋势。这与土壤水分胁迫导致旗叶异戊烯基腺苷(iPA)含量下降、脱落酸(ABA)含量增加,从而引起旗叶早衰有密切关系。     

糜子叶片衰老与活性氧代谢研究

以榆糜3号为试验材料,研究糜子叶片衰老与活性氧代谢特性。结果表明,随着植株衰老,不同叶位超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶等保护性酶活性呈由高到低的变化趋势,旗叶活性氧保护酶含量高且下降缓慢,丙二醛含量低且增长缓慢,在籽粒灌浆中后期表现更为明显。研究认为,在旱作农业生产中,延缓叶片衰老,对促进糜子籽粒充实,提高糜子产量和品质具有重要作用。