NaCl胁迫对番茄叶片光合特性及蔗糖代谢的影响

为了从碳水化合物生产及代谢的角度分析盐胁迫影响番茄产量和果实品质的原因,以番茄品种‘辽园多丽’为试材,研究不同浓度的NaCl胁迫处理对番茄光合特性及叶片中糖代谢的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫导致番茄叶片的净光合速率下降,NaCl浓度越大降低得越多;盐胁迫降低了番茄叶片的气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率,降低了番茄叶片的叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量,这种降低与NaCl浓度正相关。NaCl胁迫导致番茄叶片中果糖和葡萄糖大量积累,NaCl浓度越高积累得越多;NaCl胁迫降低了番茄叶片中的蔗糖和淀粉含量;NaCl胁迫后,番茄叶片中的转化酶活性以及蔗糖合成酶活性均有所提高,而且随着盐浓度增加而增大。说明NaCl胁迫破坏了番茄叶片的光合机能,降低了光合作用效率,而且盐浓度越大降低得越多;NaCl改变了番茄叶片中的糖代谢方向,显著增加了淀粉和蔗糖的分解,提高了叶片中的果糖和葡萄糖含量,而且这种影响随着盐浓度增加而增大。     

光照强度和氮素配比对葡萄试管苗氮素代谢的影响

以红地球葡萄试管苗为试材,探讨了光照强度和NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N不同配比对葡萄试管苗氮代谢的影响。结果表明:随培养基中NH₄⁺-N所占比例和光照强度的升高,GS活力增加。光强为5 000 lx并且NH₄⁺-N:N₃^--N为5:5时,GS活力最高。硝酸还原酶活性（NR）随着光强和培养基中NO₃^--N比例的增加而升高,且随着培养基中NO₃^--N比例的增加,试管苗体内的NO₃^--N含量增加。随NR活性升高,体内NO₃^--N含量降低,NO₃^--N含量与NR活性之间呈显著的负相关关系。     

光周期与氮肥互作对华农1号青饲玉米碳氮代谢相关酶的影响

于2005年3-7月,采用盆栽试验,设置3个不同光照长度处理和氮素水平,研究了不同光照时数及氮素水平对远缘玉米杂交种华农1号青饲玉米碳氮代谢相关酶活性的影响.结果表明,在苗期,16 h光照处理下植株叶片磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶、蔗糖合成酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和硝酸还原酶等酶的活性显著低于13和10 h光照处理;至抽雄期和收获期,13和10 h处理下植株叶片各种酶的活性下降速率较快,而16 h处理下酶活性下降缓慢且显著高于13和10 h处理.在抽雄期或收获期,16 h处理下叶片各种酶的活性均随施氮量的增加而增加,但在13和10 h处理下均有几种酶的活性在高氮素水平下出现下降的趋势.总的看来,在16 h光照处理下,植株苗期碳氮代谢相对较弱,到中后期代谢能力明显提高,且耐高氮能力也较强,收获期植株叶片酶的活性显著高于13和10 h处理.     

日粮添加蛋氨酸对幼兔生长发育、免疫性能及血液生化指标的影响

选择100只断奶新西兰兔,随机分成5组,在日粮中分别添加不同水平的蛋氨酸（0、0．2％、0．4％、0．6％、0．8％）,研究其对生长性能、氮代谢、免疫性能及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明：日粮添加蛋氨酸能显著提高日增重和饲料转化率（P〈0．05）,添加蛋氨酸0．4％时,日增重和料重比达最佳水平．分别为30．8g、3．29：1;蛋氨酸水平对氮代谢的影响差异不显著（P〉0．05）;蛋氨酸对胸腺指数的影响差异显著（P〈0．05）,当添加量为0．4％时,胸腺指数达到最大,但是对肝脏指数和脾脏指数无显著影响（P〉0．05）。对免疫球蛋白A、G、M含量也无显著影响（P〉0．05）;蛋氨酸对血清中总蛋白、白蛋白和血清尿素氮的含量无显著影响（P〉0．05）．     

家禽脂类代谢调控机理的研究进展

利用营养和分子生物学手段来调控家禽脂类代谢 ,有赖于对其机理的深入了解。本文详细讨论了脂蛋白转运体系在家禽脂类代谢中的作用。通过营养因素和激素水平调控脂蛋白的合成、组装、转运和降解可影响机体脂肪沉积及蛋黄的形成。低密度脂蛋白LDL -受体基因家族在家禽脂蛋白代谢的调控过程中发挥着至关重要的作用     

过氧化物酶体增殖剂受体与脂质代谢调控

综述了过氧化物酶体增殖剂受体在动物体内的分布、结构与转录调节机制及其对脂肪细胞分化、脂质代谢的调控。     

Energy metabolism and apoptotic effect of microwave radiation on rat myocardial cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of microwave radiation at different intensities on the rat myocardium and its possible mechanism.METHODS: The rats were radiated by the intensity of 500, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 W/m² with 2 450 MHz microwave for 6 min. The heart tissue was collected 6 h after microwave radiation. ATP and mitochondria complex Ⅳ and Ⅴ were measured. The changes of the tissue structures were observed under transmission electron microscope. The apoptosis of the myocardial cells was detected by a cell analyzer. The protein level of cleaved caspase-3 was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: The concentration of ATP and activity of mitochondria complex Ⅳand Ⅴ signi-ficantly decreased compared with control group in the cardiac tissues. The decreased number, morphological abnormalities such as dissolved cavitation, matrix and obvious tumefaction of mitochondria were observed under transmission electron microscope. The microwave radiation induced the apoptosis of myocardial cells in the rats. The cell apoptotic rate and the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 increased with increasing intensity of microwave radiation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Microwave radiation has obvious injury effect on the rat heart, which can cause cardiac energy metabolism dysregulation and cardiac myocyte apoptosis.     

Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Growth Performance,Digestion and Metabolism,and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Super Merino Lamb

The experiment aimed to find out the effects of dietary crude protein levels on growth performance, digestion and metabolism and serum biochemical indexes of Super Merino lamb after weaning.According to the dietary crude protein level, 64 Super Merino weaned lambs were divided into four groups, which the crude protein levels were 13.25%(group Ⅰ), 14.33%(group Ⅱ), 15.53%(group Ⅲ) and 16.60%(group Ⅳ), respectively.The experiment lasted for 60 days, 30 days for the early stage and 30 days for the later stage;And on the 30th and 60th day, blood samples were collected from one head sheep chosen from each replication, and at the end of the feeding test, 3 lambs were randomly selected from each experiment group for a 15 days digestion and metabolism experiment.The results showed that ADFI and ADG in the early and total trial period were significant differences(P<0.05), ADFI and ADG of group Ⅲ were higher than others.The apparent digestibility of nutrients and ME/DE were not significantly changed(P>0.05).In the detection of serum biochemical indexes, there was no significant difference in the earlier stage(P>0.05);At the end of the test, PK and CK showed significant difference between groups(P<0.05).PK presented a rising trend as the protein level improved, CK of group Ⅰ was higher than other groups.In Super Merino lamb early weaning diet, 15.53% protein level in the diet could significantly improve ADG, the apparent digestibility of nutrients, metabolic energy digestibility.At the end of the test, PK and CK were affected by dietary crude protein level significantly.     

布鲁菌赤藓醇代谢研究概况

布鲁菌感染动物后可以逃避宿主免疫系统清除而长期存在,并严重侵害动物生殖系统。赤藓醇是布鲁菌的一种优势碳源,对布鲁菌的生长具有明显促进作用。在布鲁菌基因组中已经鉴定出6个与赤藓醇代谢相关的基因,布鲁菌的赤藓醇代谢途径也基本研究清楚。缺失布鲁菌赤藓醇代谢相关基因会造成布鲁菌在多种感染模型中的生存能力不同程度的改变。论文从布鲁菌对赤藓醇的亲嗜性、赤藓醇代谢通路及转运、赤藓醇代谢的基因调控、赤藓醇对布鲁菌毒力影响等方面进行了综述。