南京市PM10人群健康经济损失评估

基于2004 ～2013年南京市PM10浓度、人口资料及经济指标等数据,以死亡为慢性健康效应终点,选择相应的暴露-反应关系,采用修正的人力资本法进行经济损失评估.结果表明,2004 ～ 2013年南京市PM10污染呈波动增长的趋势,最高值出现在2013年,经济损失达106.06亿元,占当年GDP的1.32％.可见,目前南京市PM10长期污染造成的人群健康经济损失相当可观,亟需制定相关污染防治措施.     

The quality of service provided by the irrigation department to the users associations, Tunuyan System, Mendoza, Argentina

The quality of service provided by the provincial Irrigation Department (DGI) to the Water Users Associations (UA), and subsequently by the UA's to the related water users, is based on the provincial water law. The intended volume of water being delivered per considered period further depends on the water availability and on the (crop irrigation) water requirements. The Service Level (SL) compares the intended water supply with the water supply that would be required to supply the entire irrigable area with sufficient water. As soon as the intended water delivery pattern is set, the measured actual delivery can be assessed against the intention. Several performance indicators are used in this context. Based on the assessment of the Water Delivery Performance Ratio and the Overall Consumed Ratio recommendations are made on changes which can be made to improve water use and reduce problems of waterlogging.     

Impacts of Institutional Reforms on Irrigated Agriculture in Pakistan

Poor functioning of theirrigation system in Pakistan has been asource of concern for the last few decades,during which time it has been the subject ofconsiderable external assistance andinternal policy reforms. Consequently, thegovernment of Pakistan introducedinstitutional restructuring in irrigationand drainage subsectors to impartnecessary improvements. Under thesereforms, management at secondary canallevel has recently been handed over to theFarmers Organizations (FOs) of selecteddistributaries in pilot areas. This studywas designed to evaluate a farmer-manageddistributary in southern Punjab. Fieldmeasurements revealed that hydraulicaspects of the irrigation service deliveredby the FO management has been significantlyimproved and as a result highlyproportionate and equitable waterdistribution was observed, particularly atthe tail reaches of the distributary. Dueto effective FO management farmers'interventions to increase the outletdischarge by illegal means has been almosteradicated. As a result of theseimprovements imparted by the FO in systemmanagement, the extent of irrigated area hasincreased on average by 6 to 7%, evenunder severe drought-like conditionsprevailing in the country during recentyears. Further cost recoveries haveincreased by an amount of 14% for summerand 23% for winter growing seasons,respectively, from the irrigated area of thedistributary. Thus experience from Hakra4-R distributary has shown that even underundesirable natural circumstancesIrrigation Management Transfer (IMT) wasquite effective in achieving the keytargets of the institutional reformslaunched at pilot scale in the country.     

梯级引水工程水位优化调度模型研究

大型引水工程整个系统在进入稳态运行后,在各站的抽水流量或首级站进口水位发生变化的情况下及时做出运行决策,调整各梯级站间的水位,达到整个系统总能耗最小的目的。针对这一问题提出了大型引水工程各梯级站水位优化调度的数学模型,并对其解法进行探讨。     

淤地坝赋存信息在流域侵蚀产沙研究中的应用

黄土高原淤地坝在拦蓄大量泥沙的同时,也赋存了大量环境变化信息。该文从淤地坝赋存信息在小流域侵蚀产沙速率、泥沙来源和泥沙输移比研究方面的作用进行了归纳和总结,分析了目前研究中存在的问题,提出了今后研究的发展方向,以期能为更好地利用这些赋存信息,发挥其在黄土高原土壤侵蚀和环境演变过程研究中的作用提供参考。     

基于CMAC神经网络的自适应渠道输水自动控制研究

介绍了小脑模型神经网络CMAC的原理及基于CMAC的自动控制方法。在渠道输水控制技术的基础上,依据CMAC神经网络学习速度快、能够表达复杂非线性关系、适合于适时控制的特点,提出了基于CMAC的渠道输水控制模型。仿真结果表明,基于CMAC的渠道输水控制,算法简单方便,具有实时性、稳定性和较强的鲁棒性,控制效果较为理想。     

离心输油泵故障诊断专家系统的研究与实现

提出了一种新的对基本神经网络进行组合的思路，将基本神经网络分层联接，每一层对应对象的某一属性，并根据属性分类。以这一思路为指导，组建了BP网络与竞争网络组织相结合的神经网络，并以此为核心，搭建了离心输油泵故障诊断专家系统的框架。     

酶辅助乳化制备姜黄素脂肪乳研究

选用碱性蛋白酶辅助乳化,利用酶解膨化大豆粉产生的蛋白和磷脂作为乳化剂制备了天然姜黄素脂肪乳。通过流体动力学半径及其分布的测量、激光共聚焦显微镜观察和荧光光谱分析等来表征脂肪乳粒径、电位、微观结构及脂肪乳内蛋白的荧光强度变化,以氧化稳定性、包埋率和生物利用率来评价脂肪乳的稳定性能和对姜黄素的负载效果。结果表明,随着姜黄素添加量的增加,脂肪乳平均粒径先增加、后趋于稳定,在添加量为0.6%时,平均粒径为1127.42nm,电位绝对值最大,为38.67mV。激光共聚焦显微镜观察结果表明,乳液中油滴和蛋白分布比较均匀,形成了包裹较好的液滴。在0.6%添加量下的脂肪乳储存14d时的氧化稳定性最好,POV值最小,仅为3.15mmol/kg,储存21d时TBARS值为0.56mmol/kg;姜黄素包埋率高达72.58%,经体外消化后生物利用率为55.22%。荧光光谱分析表明,过量的姜黄素会使脂肪乳中蛋白质的荧光强度显著降低。因此,在姜黄素添加量为0.6%时,通过酶辅助法可制备稳定性较高、运载效果较好的脂肪乳。