Effects of five cryoprotectants on proliferation and differentiation‐related gene expression of frozen‐thawed bovine calf testicular tissue

The cryopreservation of testicular tissue is a potential method for preserving male fertility. However, the effect of cryopreservation on bovine calf testicular tissue is scarce. This study investigated the effect of different cryoprotectants on bovine calf testicular tissue at the molecular level. Testicular tissue from ten immature bovine calves (6 months) was collected after slaughter and cryopreserved in an extender containing different concentrations of the following five cryopreservation solutions (CP): bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), trehalose with 5% DMSO, DMSO and glycerol and ethylene glycol (EG). After 7‐day cryopreservation, the expression levels of three spermatogonial stem cell (SSC)‐related genes, octamer‐4 (OCT4), KIT ligand (MGF/SCF) and kit oncogene (C‐KIT), were investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The cell viability was highest for the tissues preserved with 30 mg/ml BSA (77.82% ± 1.22) and 40 mg/ml trehalose (74.23% ± 1.16) compared with other groups (p < 0.05), and the level of expression of the three genes was highest with 30 mg/ml BSA (p < 0.05). Compared with other CPs, the 30 mg/ml BSA and 40 mg/ml trehalose have the better cryopreserve protection. The 30 mg/ml BSA is the most viable media for the cryopreservation of testicular tissue from cattle.     

椰子组培研究四十年

组织培养对于椰子快速繁殖以及全球椰子产业发展具有重要意义。本文就40年来国内外在椰子组培快繁技术,包括椰子组培技术的重要性,不同外植体如胚芽、花序、子房等在组织培养中的应用与优劣,不同培养基和培育环境对组培效果的影响等要素,进行了详细的总结和讨论。同时总结了椰子组培快繁技术的进展,分析了目前限制椰子组培快繁技术发展的因素,提出了应对策略与具体建议。本文对椰子快繁技术及椰子种质资源保存具有参考价值。     

Differential Cl−/Salt Tolerance and NaCl‐Induced Alternations of Tissue and Cellular Ion Fluxes in Glycine max,Glycine soja and their Hybrid Seedlings

The salt‐sensitive Glycine max N23674 cultivar, the salt‐born Glycine soja BB52 population, and their hybrid 4076 strain (F₅) selected for salt tolerance generation by generation were used as the experimental materials in this study. First, the effects of NaCl stress on seed germination, tissue damage, and time‐course ionic absorption and transportation were compared. When qualitatively compared with seed germination appearance in culture dishes, and tissue damages on roots or leaves of seedlings, or quantitatively compared with the relative salt injury rate, the inhibition on N23674 was all the most remarkable. After the exposure of 140 mm NaCl for 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 2 days and 4 days, the content of Cl^? gradually increased in the roots and leaves of seedlings of BB52, 4076 and 23674. Interestingly, the extents of the Cl^? rise in roots of the three experimental soybean materials were BB52 > 4076 > N23674, whereas those in leaves were just on the contrary. Secondly, by using the scanning ion‐selective electrode technique (SIET), fluxes of Na⁺ and Cl^? in roots and protoplasts isolated from roots and leaves were also investigated among the three experimental soybean materials. After 140 mm NaCl stress for 2, 4 and 6 days, and when compared with N23674, slighter net Cl^? influxes were observed in root tissue and protoplasts of roots and leaves of BB52 and 4076 seedlings, especially at the cellular protoplast level. The results indicate that with regard to the ionic effect of NaCl stress, Cl^? was the main determinant salt ion for salt tolerance in G. soja, G. max and their hybrid, and the difference in their Cl^?/salt tolerance is mainly attributed to the capacity of Cl^? restriction to the plant above‐ground parts such as leaves.     

草类植物抗病机制研究进展

草类植物病害是限制草牧业生产和发展的主要因素之一。目前抗病品种的开发利用是目前防治病害最经济有效的方法，植物抗病机制的研究对开发抗病品种和构建生态环境友好型病害防治至关重要。植物受病原菌侵染时形成多种复杂的防御机制，本研究主要从植物组织结构抗性、生理生化抗性、抗性基因和抗性数量性状位点（QTLs）定位等分子机制方面综述草类植物抗病机制研究进展，并提出我国草类植物抗病机制研究中面临的主要问题与解决办法，以期为草类植物抗病育种提供理论依据。     

Unravelling the relationship between a seasonal environment and the dynamics of forage growth in grazed swards

It is well reported in the scientific literature that pastures can have similar net forage accumulation when managed with contrasting structures. However, we hypothesized that the dynamics of forage accumulation in grazed swards is linked to seasonal-environmental conditions. Marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha [Hochst. ex A. Rich.] was used as the forage species model. The experimental treatments were four grazing heights (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm) allocated to experimental units according to a randomized complete block design with four replicates and evaluated throughout four contrasting environmental seasons (summer, autumn, winter–early spring and late spring). Under rainy and warm periods, greater net forage accumulation was observed in pastures maintained taller; on the contrary, during the mild and dry periods, net forage accumulation rate reduced as grazing height increased. Such patterns of responses were related to compensations between tiller population density and tissues flows during summer and late spring and the reduced capacity of taller canopies to compensate lower population with greater growth rates during autumn and winter–early spring. Grazed swards changed their patterns of forage growth as they transitioned from favourable to more abiotic stressful conditions, suggesting that seasonal adjustments in grazing intensities are necessary in order to maximize forage production.     

奶山羊CIDEa基因的克隆、序列分析与组织表达

为获得奶山羊CIDEa基因序列并检测其在乳腺组织中的表达,采用RT-PCR技术从奶山羊乳腺组织扩增CIDEa基因序列,利用生物信息学软件对其进行预测分析,并采用荧光定量PCR检测CIDEa在干奶期和不同泌乳时期乳腺组织中的表达。结果表明:通过克隆测序得到奶山羊CIDEa基因CDS区660 bp,编码219个氨基酸,与GenBank公布的绵羊、牛、人和猪的核苷酸序列同源性分别为99%、96%、85%、85%。奶山羊CIDEa蛋白属于碱性、不稳定亲水蛋白,不存在跨膜结构和信号肽;蛋白主要定位在细胞质、线粒体和细胞核。CIDEa蛋白结构主要由α螺旋、β折叠和不规则卷曲组成。奶山羊CIDEa在泌乳前期、盛期和中期乳腺组织中表达量均显著高于干奶期(P<0.05)。说明CIDEa可能参与奶山羊乳腺的泌乳过程,为进一步研究其在奶山羊乳腺组织中的功能及对乳品质的调控作用奠定基础。     

建兰‘岭南奇蝶’种子无菌萌发与离体繁殖技术

以建兰‘岭南奇蝶’种子为外植体,开展兰花的离体繁殖技术研究。结果表明,用0.1%Hg Cl2处理25~30 min能达到较好的灭菌效果,污染率低至7.5%;添加0.5~3.0 mg·L~(-1)NAA及0.5~1.5 mg·L~(-1)IBA有利于‘岭南奇蝶’根状茎增殖生长,增殖倍数达5.25;根状茎的最适分化培养基为1/2 MS+3.0 mg·L~(-1)6-BA,分化率达63.6%;有机添加物香蕉和土豆对‘岭南奇蝶’的壮苗生根有明显的促进作用,苗高度及平均根数与对照组相比均显著增加,生根率均达100%。     

八仙花组织培养繁殖技术

以八仙花的茎段、茎尖、叶片为外植体,在MS培养基中加入不同质量分数的6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）和吲哚丁酸（IBA）进行增殖培养.结果表明：适宜八仙花外植体表面灭菌的方法是利用0.1%氯化汞（HgC l2）灭菌7 m in;不同类型的八仙花外植体在初代培养时的增殖效果不同,茎尖在培养过程中首先伸长生长,然后陆续长出侧芽,表明八仙花的茎尖是比较适合用来进行增殖培养的外植体;继代培养以MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg.L-1＋IBA0.12 mg.L-1为较适宜的增殖培养基;侧芽在1/2 MS＋IBA 0.2 mg.L-1培养基中生根率和单苗根数量均较高,说明1/2 MS＋IBA 0.2 mg.L-1为较好的不定根诱导培养基.     

新几内亚凤仙组织培养和快繁技术研究

选取新几内亚凤仙具有顶芽或腋芽的茎段为外植体,诱导芽体萌发,进行繁殖培养。通过实验对比分别筛选出诱导芽分化和诱导生根的最佳培养基。实验结果表明：不同的激素水平对几内亚凤仙组培苗的生长有着显著的影响。其中最适宜的分化培养基为MS＋6-BA0.5 mg/L＋NAA0.1 mg/L;最适宜的生根培养基为1/2 MS＋IAA0.5 mg/L;最适宜的栽培基质为蛭石＋草炭＋珍珠岩（5∶3∶2）,成活率为95%。