芽孢杆菌微生物添加剂对鸡产蛋性能的影响

2880只385日龄的伊莎褐商品蛋鸡分为两组,每组1440只.试验组日粮是在基础日粮中添加0,5%芽孢杆菌添加剂.对照组喂基础日粮.在3周试验期间,试验组产蛋率提高的幅度(13.09%)高于对照组(8.42%).试验组与对照组相比,每产1kg蛋少耗饲料0.37kg,提高饲料效率9.69%.使用芽孢杆菌制剂后每枚蛋重平均增加0.26g.     

吡咯喹啉醌二钠对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋胆固醇含量的影响

本试验旨在探讨吡咯喹啉醌二钠(PQQ·Na2)对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋胆固醇含量和机体抗氧化能力的影响.选用360只23周龄的京红1号蛋鸡,随机分为5组,即0(对照组)、0.08、0.80、1.60 mg/kg PQQ·Na2组和100 mg/kg维生素E组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡.试验期8周.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,PQQ·Na2能显著提高产蛋率(1.11％)(P＜0.05),对料蛋比和蛋黄相对重量没有显著影响(P＞0.05),显著增加鸡蛋的蛋白高度(P＜0.05).2)与对照组相比,0.80 mg/kg PQQ·Na2能显著提高肝脏胆固醇含量(P＜0.05),显著降低血浆和全蛋胆固醇含量(P＜0.05);PQQ·Na2能显著提高血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P＜0.05),对血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著影响(P＞0.05).3)与对照组相比,0.80 mg/kgPQQ·Na2能显著降低血浆丙二醛含量(P＜0.05),0.08 mg/kg PQQ·Na2能显著提高肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力(P＜0.05),对血浆总超氧化物歧化酶活性无显著影响(P＞0.05);与其他组相比,1.60 mg/kg PQQ·Na2显著提高了肝脏丙二醛含量(P＜0.05).综上,产蛋鸡饲粮中添加适宜水平(0.80 mg/kg) PQQ·Na2可以提高产蛋率,增强蛋鸡机体抗氧化能力,降低鸡蛋胆固醇含量.     

日本沼虾体表寄生物对胚胎附着的影响

用扫描电镜技术研究了体表寄生物对日本沼虾（Macrobrachium nipponense)受精卵（胚胎）附着的影响，发现在流产个体1－4对腹肢原肢与内肢的表面密布钟虫类原生动物，这些寄生原生动物影响粘液腺的分泌活动，使其不能正常分泌粘液，受精卵的被膜、卵柄及卵索均不能正常形成，卵与卵之间的摩擦力加大，胚胎供氧困难，最终导致死胎和流产，体表寄生物是造成养殖日本沼虾胚胎提早脱落的重要原因之一。     

开都河流域长身高原鳅胚胎发育观察

为了探究长身高原鳅(Triplophysa tenuis)的早期生活史,2018年4月在察汗乌苏鱼类增殖站对长身高原鳅胚胎发育过程进行观察。随机挑取10~15粒受精卵,在XSP-24S生物显微镜下对胚胎发育情况进行连续观察并拍照,记录胚胎发育时序及各个时期的典型特征。结果显示,长身高原鳅成熟卵粒圆形、灰色透明、饱满有弹性、沉性,卵径(1.07±0.10)mm;遇水受精后,迅速出现黏性。水温(20±1)℃时,整个胚胎发育历时86 h 56 min,积温1826℃·h,依次经历胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜7个连续发育阶段、34个时期。受精后10~15 min完成吸水,吸水后卵径为(1.50±0.09)mm;受精后1 h 22 min进入卵裂期;受精后7 h 40 min进入囊胚期;受精后11 h 17 min进入原肠胚期;受精后15 h 28 min进入神经胚期;受精后19 h 28 min进入器官形成期;受精后77 h 13 min进入出膜前期,受精后86 h 56 min完成出膜,长身高原鳅出膜仔鱼全长(4.81±0.17)mm。     

发酵菜粕对蛋鸡粪便和饲料微生物菌群数量及蛋品质的影响

研究发酵菜粕对219日龄海兰褐蛋鸡粪便和饲料微生物菌群数量及蛋品质的影响。试验分为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,分别以0、4%、8%和12%发酵菜粕等氮替代日粮豆粕饲喂蛋鸡,以平板菌落计数法研究各组日粮和粪便中的微生物菌群数量,并测定其蛋品质。结果显示,发酵菜粕能显著减少蛋鸡日粮中大肠杆菌（P〈0.05）数量,增加乳酸菌（P〈0.01）、枯草芽孢杆菌（P〈0.01）、双歧杆菌、肠球菌和酵母菌数量;饲喂发酵菜粕日粮后,粪便中的乳酸菌（P〈0.05）、枯草芽孢杆菌（P〈0.05）、双歧杆菌、酵母菌和肠球菌等有益微生物菌群数量都有明显增加,试验I组蛋壳厚度（P〈0.01）、蛋黄颜色（P〈0.01）和哈氏单位（P〈0.05）均有明显增加,试验Ⅱ组的蛋黄颜色和哈氏单位有极显著增加（P〈0.01）,试验Ⅲ组的哈氏单位有显著增加（P〈0.05）,但三个试验组的蛋重均有显著下降（P〈0.05）。结果表明,发酵菜粕能显著增加蛋鸡日粮和粪便中有益微生物数量,减少日粮中有害微生物数量,4%~8%的添加量能提高蛋品质。     

一种适用于蚕卵mRNA差异显示的方法

采用自行配制的试剂取代GenHunterCorporationRNAimageTM Kit,并改用银染法代替放射自显影 ,建立了一种适用于蚕卵mRNA差异显示的方法。该方法具有成本低、安全、高效、量多质优等特点。运用该方法对不同温湿度催青处理后的夏sch蚕卵进行mRNA差异显示 ,展示不同处理差异表达产生的RNA分子 ,回收了 1条差异带 ,并对差异进行了验证     

抗猪大肠杆菌功能性卵黄粉的制备及对小鼠的攻毒保护作用

通过制备抗致病性大肠杆菌特异性IgY及富含特异性IgY的功能性卵黄粉,进行小鼠的攻毒保护试验,探讨功能性卵黄粉对由致病性大肠杆菌引起的疾病的防治作用.结果显示:(1)致病性大肠杆菌与特异性IgY混合后,菌体出现凝集,且病原菌的运动力明显受抑制;(2)浓度为1.3×109CFU·mL-1的致病性大肠杆菌K88、K99和9...     

哈尔滨市郊区亚洲玉米螟发生规律与卵块空间分布研究

通过田间玉米罩笼观察法研究了亚洲玉米螟在哈尔滨市郊区的发生规律和其卵块在玉米植株上的分布特点。结果表明,该地区为一、二代亚洲玉米螟混合发生区,有10%左右个体发生二代。越冬代化蛹盛期为6月下旬,化蛹持续时间为54~58d。越冬代成虫盛发高峰期为7月初,羽化期为45~52d。一代卵出现的始盛期为6月末,高峰期为7月上旬,产卵期约为40d。二代产卵高峰期为8月上旬末,产卵期约为20d。一代卵孵化率显著高于二代卵,卵粒被寄生率和被捕食率均明显低于于二代卵。随着玉米植株的生长,成虫有向玉米植株上部集中产卵的趋势,前期羽化的越冬代成虫产卵高度主要集中在1.2~1.6m,主要分布在玉米上部第3~6片叶上,后期羽化的成虫产卵高度主要集中在1.8m以上,主要分布在玉米上部第1~4片叶上,一代卵在玉米植株0.8m以下高度没有分布。二代卵块分布较一代卵块分散,产卵高度较一代卵有所降低。亚洲玉米螟卵块主要分布在玉米叶背近中脉2cm内,距叶腋20~50cm处。研究结果对当地开展玉米螟的测报调查和释放赤眼蜂防治玉米螟具有重要指导意义。     

Enhancement of reproductive performance in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) by supplementation of Ulva clathrata meal in maturation diet in two commercial hatcheries

The effect of supplementing dehydrated seaweed Ulva clathrata (20 g/kg) in the squid fraction of a formulated fresh diet on the reproductive performance of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock was evaluated in two commercial hatcheries (A and B). The origin of broodstock, use of ablation on females, tank/culture conditions (for maturation, spawning, and larval rearing) were different between hatcheries. Daily mortality was higher (p < .01) for females in the control group compared to Ulva‐fed group of hatchery A, where females were ablated. No differences in mortality were found for unablated females in hatchery B, or with males from either hatchery. In hatchery A, broodstock fed Ulva produced more eggs (an increase in +5% compared to control, p < .05) and nauplii per female (+18%, p < .01). In hatchery B, broodstock fed Ulva produced significantly more eggs (+26%, p < .05) and nauplii per day (+33%, p < .05). In hatcheries A and B, eggs from broodstock fed Ulva had increased hatching rates (+13 and +7%, respectively, p < .001 in both cases). The number of spawns per day had a tendency to be higher in broodstock fed Ulva in both hatcheries, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (+14% for hatchery A and +20% for hatchery B). Dehydrated U. clathrata appears therefore as a functional additive in L. vannamei maturation diets that enhances the reproductive performance at commercial scale, regardless of the management conditions.     

Egg size and its relationship with fecundity,newborn length and female size in Cuban poeciliid fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes)

Abstract – This study describes the relationship between egg size (ES) and brood size (BS), newborn length (NL) and female total length (FTL) in ten species of Cuban poeciliids. Variability and the level of association among variables are analysed and comparisons of ES among species established. Egg size has the lowest variability among the analysed variables and in most species is not correlated with BS, when the effect of FTL is controlled. Cuban poeciliids, thought to be primarily lecithotrophic, can be separated in two groups according to ES, NL and BS relative to FTL. One such group inhabits mountain streams and produces large eggs and small broods. The other group is distributed in lowland wetlands and produces small eggs and large broods. In Cuban poeciliids, ES and NL are highly correlated, which suggests adaptive value for ES.