脉冲电场处理对鸡蛋蛋白液特性的影响

采用高压脉冲电场处理鸡蛋蛋白液,研究了不同场强处理对蛋白液功能性质的影响.结果显示,蛋液pH值和电导率与场强的变化成正比,随场强的增加都有增大的趋势,且均表现为不同处理强度间变化不大;变性温度受影响较小,几种处理的变性温度基本相同;而蛋液黏度、凝胶弹性与场强的关系不明显,受影响较小.     

Effects of Donor Cells Treated with Egg Extracts on the Development Competence of Cloned Embryos

Japanese Balck cattle fetal fibroblasts (JBCFF) were induced with Xenopus leavis egg extracts and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was carried out with the reprogrammed JBCFF as donor cells in order to investigate their effects on SCNT efficiency.Three samples of egg extracts were acquired from different Xenopus laevis.The protein contents and kinds in extracts were evaluated with BCA Protein Quantification Kit and SDS-PAGE.Concentration of Digitonin to permeabilize JBCFF was optimized and assessed with PI staining.Reprogrammed cells treated with egg extract were used as donor in SCNT.Additionally the reconstructed embryos were activated with ionomycin+6-DMAP and A23187+6-DMAP to compare their effects on the development competence.The protein contents of extracts samples were 56.2255,64.6570 and 71.2158 μg/mL,respectively,the each extract had the same composition about 40-55 and 70-100 ku.The optimal concentration of Digitonin was 7 μg/mL and the permeabilization rate was 55.44%.After extracts treatment and continuous culture for 6-7 d,JBCFF formed well-defined colony structures.No significant composition difference was found in rates of fusion (92.83% vs 96.04%),cleavage (89.64% vs 89.78%) and blastocyst formation (24.06% vs 23.12%) of cloned embryos when the colony cells and JBCFF without extracts treatment were used as donor cells (P>0.05).Similarly,the two activation methods had no significant effect on the developmental competence of cloned embryos (cleavage rate 92.16% vs 92.28%,blastocyst rate 23.21% vs 24.18%).Conclusively,Xenopus leavis,egg extracts could induce JBCFF reprogramming to a low differentiated state.However donor cells with reprogramming partially could not improve the development of cloned embryos and its mechanism requires further research.     

伊犁鹅产蛋前后各期卵巢转录谱的构建及卵泡发育相关基因的分析

【目的】构建产蛋前后各期伊犁鹅卵巢转录组文库,结合生物信息学分析揭示不同产蛋期伊犁鹅卵巢组织差异表达基因,并鉴定出影响鹅卵巢发育的关键基因,为伊犁鹅的繁殖调控提供理论参考。【方法】选择处于开产期（KL组）、产蛋期（CL组）及休产期（XL组）的伊犁鹅各4只,屠宰后取其卵巢组织,用于构建卵巢转录组文库。通过新基因挖掘、基因差异表达、基因注释以及蛋白互作网络分析筛选出与鹅卵泡发育相关的候选基因;随机挑选8个差异表达基因,应用实时荧光定量PCR验证其表达情况。【结果】伊犁鹅卵巢组织学结果表明,在开产期时,伊犁鹅卵巢表面有大量初级卵泡,而产蛋期卵巢则显示出卵泡的层级性,在休产期卵巢中可观察到卵泡出现向内凹陷、闭锁的现象。通过转录组测序（RNA-Seq）,从构建的12个伊犁鹅卵巢cDNA文库中获得有效读数57 811 186~85 328 377条,Q30值均>93.38%,每个样品所产的测序读数于鹅参考基因组上的比对率在82.79%~89.24%。在卵巢中注释的新基因共有1 112个,单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点总数为1 642 273~2 425 069个;SNP和插入缺失（InDel）均主要注释于内含子区域;各时期的可变剪切类型主要集中为最后1个外显子可变剪切（TSS）及第1个外显子可变剪切（TTS）。在KL vs CL、XL vs CL及XL vs KL组中分别有337、1 136和525个差异表达基因,共有差异表达基因为α2A肾上腺素能受体（ADRA2A）、表皮蛋白（CP）、非转移性黑色素瘤糖蛋白B （GPNMB）及α-1-抗胰蛋白酶样（LOC106033756）。GO功能富集分析发现,差异表达基因主要富集在肽基酪氨酸磷酸化的正调控、细胞黏附及质膜外侧等过程。KEGG通路富集分析发现,差异表达基因主要显著富集于神经活性配体-受体相互作用、ECM-受体相互作用及类固醇生物合成等。结合蛋白互作网络分析,筛选到与鹅卵巢发育相关的潜在调控因子Bruton’s酪氨酸激酶（BTK）、血小板源性生长因子受体α（PDGFRA）、整合素β3（ITGB3）等。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,RNA-Seq结果准确可靠。【结论】本研究揭示了产蛋前后各期伊犁鹅卵巢组织中的基因表达差异,筛选到影响伊犁鹅卵巢发育的神经活性配体-受体相互作用、ECM-受体相互作用、类固醇生物合成等重要通路与BTK、PDGFRA和ITGB3等关键候选基因,为了解鹅卵巢组织调控产蛋性能的分子机制提供了理论支撑。     

粗酶制剂在大麦日粮中对产蛋鸡的影响

就粗酶制剂在大麦日粮中对产蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响进行了两次试验。按０．１％比例的酶制剂添加于含大麦２８．５％和５０％的日粮中,分别饲喂３３０和２４２日龄的产蛋鸡。结果添加酶制剂对鸡产蛋率无明显提高,而对每个蛋重和鸡蛋质量有所改善,同时使产蛋鸡外周血液中促甲状腺激素和生长激素显著提高,而使甲状腺素显著降低。     

韩国棕头鸦雀种群的卵色多态性及其比例的地理变化(英文)

了解一个物种种群内多态性的发生及其进化,是进化生物学的挑战之一。鸟类卵色的多态性是其中一个重要例子,分裂选择被认为是鸟类卵色多态性进化的机制。我们对韩国境内的棕头鸦雀(Paradoxornis webbianus)种群的卵色变化进行了调查,采用光纤光谱仪来确定纯蓝和纯白卵色的出现比率。结果表明,不同地理种群的鸦雀的蓝、白卵色的比率不同,高纬度地区蓝色卵的比例较少,而随着纬度南移,蓝色卵的比例逐渐增多。种群之间的卵色比率变化模式与种群内卵色的比率变化不同。本文探讨了棕头鸦雀卵色多态性进化的理论假设。     

单色光对蛋白高度、哈氏单位和蛋黄颜色的影响

180只海兰褐蛋鸡分别饲养在蓝、绿、红和白等不同光环境中,试验期为19～45周龄,光照强度为15lx,光照时间为16h。试验结果显示,绿光组蛋白高度最高((7.13±0.04)mm),与白光和蓝光组差异显著(P<0.05);绿光和红光组哈氏单位显著大于白光和蓝光组(P<0.05);白光组蛋黄颜色值(4.6±0.15)最大,与其它组之间差异极显著(P<0.01),但绿光组蛋黄颜色值与周龄间相关系数(r)极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明单色光可影响蛋品质,其中绿光组蛋品质最好。     

酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道相关指标的影响

本试验旨在研究酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道相关指标的影响。选取25周龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡672只,随机分为4个组,每组7个重复,每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%酸化剂的试验饲粮,试验期60 d。结果表明：1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.05%酸化剂显著提高了蛋鸡的平均日采食量( P<0.05);添加0.20%酸化剂显著降低了料蛋比( P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加酸化剂显著增强了试验第30和60天的蛋壳强度( P<0.05);添加0.20%酸化剂显著提高了试验第30和60天的蛋白高度( P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,酸化剂的添加对试验第30和60天消化道pH没有显著影响( P>0.05),但显著提高了十二指肠食糜中淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性( P<0.05),并显著降低了消化道大肠杆菌的数量( P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮添加酸化剂显著提高了试验第30和60天钙与磷的表观代谢率( P<0.05)。饲粮添加酸化剂可改善产蛋鸡饲料转化效率、鸡蛋品质;提高蛋鸡肠道消化酶活性及钙、磷表观代谢率;改善肠道微生态环境。     

Relationship between Mucosal Barrier Function of the Oviduct and Intestine in the Productivity of Laying Hens

The mucosa of the intestine and oviduct of hens are susceptible to pathogens. Pathogenic infections in the mucosal tissues of laying hens lead to worsened health of the host animal, decreased egg production, and bacterial contamination of eggs. Therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms underlying mucosal barrier function is needed to prevent infection by pathogens. In addition, pathogen infection in the mucosal tissue generally causes mucosal inflammation. Recently, it has been shown that inflammation in the oviduct and intestinal tissue caused by disruption of the mucosal barrier function, can affect egg production. Therefore, it is vitla to understand the relationship between mucosal barrier function and egg production to improve poultry egg production. This paper reviews the studies on (1) oviductal mucosal immune function and egg production, (2) intestinal inflammation and egg production, and (3) improvement of mucosal immune function by probiotics. The findings introduced in this review will contribute to the understanding of the mucosal barrier function of the intestine and oviduct and improve poultry egg production in laying hens.