Genetic difference between Ezo-awabi <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haliotis discus hannai</Emphasis> and Kuro-awabi <Emphasis Type="Italic">H. discus discus</Emphasis> populations: Microsatellite-based population analysis in Japanese abalone

ABSTRACT:   This study documents the genetic population relationships between Ezo-awabi Haliotis discus hannai and Kuro-awabi H. discus discus by means of the microsatellite technique with an emphasis on the extent of genetic difference between Ezo- and Kuro-awabi populations. Eight markers were employed to screen five populations each collected from Ezo- and Kuro-awabi habitats. All eight loci showed polymorphisms in all populations (number of alleles per locus, 11.1–14.1; averaged expected heterozygosity, 0.64–0.70). The number of loci that yielded significant genetic heterogeneities (allele frequency distribution and/or pairwise θ ) between Ezo- and Kuro-awabi populations was larger than that generated in comparisons between populations within Ezo- and Kuro-awabi habitats. According to the bootstrap neighbor-joining trees constructed on the basis of two genetic distance measures ( D _A and D _ST), the 10 populations fell into two clusters of populations (Ezo-awabi and Kuro-awabi habitat groups), and the results of hierarchical amova testing also supported the neighbor-joining clustering. The outcomes presented here suggest that the microsatellite markers used in this study are potentially an efficient means to differentiate Ezo- and Kuro-awabi populations.     

Influences of dietary antimicrobial peptide APSH‐07 on the growth performance,immune response and vibriosis resistance of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A 115‐day feeding trial and subsequently a 10‐day challenge test with Vibrio parahaemolyticus were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary antimicrobial peptide APSH‐07 on growth performance, immune response, antioxidative status and vibriosis resistance of abalone Haliotis discus hannai (initial body weight: 2.06 ± 0.01 g; initial shell length: 25.42 ± 0.18 mm). Four artificial diets were designed with 0 (artificial diet control), 7.5, 15.0 and 22.5 mg/kg of APSH‐07, respectively. The brown alga Laminaria japonica was used as the live food control. Results showed that the specific growth rates of abalone in the groups with 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg dietary APSH‐07 were significantly higher than those in the controls (p < .05). The total haemocyte counts and respiratory burst activity in haemolymph of abalone in the group with 7.5 mg/kg of dietary APSH‐07 were significantly higher than those in the groups with 0 and 22.5 mg/kg of dietary APSH‐07 (p < .05). The gene expression levels of Mn‐superoxide dismutase and thioredoxin peroxidase 2, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase in the group with 7.5 mg/kg of dietary APSH‐07 were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < .05). Cumulative mortality of abalone after the challenge test was significantly decreased in the group with 7.5 mg/kg of dietary APSH‐07 supplementation. Supplementation of 22.5 mg/kg dietary APSH‐07 significantly increased the cumulative mortality. In conclusion, 7.5 mg/kg of dietary APSH‐07 supplementation had the better growth performance, higher antioxidation, immune and disease resistance capacity of abalone. Excessive supplementation of dietary antimicrobial peptide APSH‐07 (22.5 mg/kg) had significantly negative effects. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal level of dietary APSH‐07 supplementation for abalone.     

健康和患病稚黑鲍中微生物产胞外酶的分析比较

2005年初自福建漳浦鲍鱼场患病以及健康稚黑鲍中各分离到27和56株异养细菌,在此基础上研究了它们产胞外蛋白酶、淀粉酶、明胶酶、磷脂酶及溶血能力。结果表明,虽然来自健康鲍的菌株产胞外酶的数量明显大于来自病鲍的菌株,但来自病鲍的菌株具有强分泌胞外酶能力的比例明显大于来自于健康鲍的菌株。综合考虑每一种胞外酶的潜在致病作用,以及菌株分泌多种胞外酶的能力,最后确认10株菌为潜在的致病菌。     

九孔鲍鱼球状病毒病的防治报告

在福建省东山县和漳浦县的2个鲍鱼养殖场进行鲍鱼球状病毒病防治试验。该病可以通过隔离，使用砂滤水消毒，用鲍毒清药浴，投喂药物饵料综合防治措施进行预防。未采取防治措施的对照组则在短期内全部死亡。     

从生长温度初步分析我国沿海养殖澳洲绿唇鲍的适宜区域和模式

绿唇鲍为澳洲西南沿海主要养殖鲍类之一。由于较高的经济价值,国内已有单位对该鲍开展引种养殖试验。从海水温度的动态变化来分析我国沿海养殖澳洲绿唇鲍的适宜区域和可能模式。我国沿海从北到南几乎没有适合绿唇鲍全年自然水温养殖的区域,控温设备是任何一家养殖场必备的;江苏嵊山附近沿海可能是较适区域;南北两地联合养殖的模式有可能降低成本,缩短养殖周期。     

金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂在皱纹盘鲍抗弧菌免疫中的作用

由弧菌感染引起的疾病是影响鲍存活率的主要因素,实验以皱纹盘鲍为研究对象,探讨金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase,TIMP)在皱纹盘鲍抗弧菌免疫中的功能及其与基质金属蛋白酶1 (matrix metalloproteinase 1,MMP-1)的相互作用关系....     

九孔鲍鱼病毒病的防治试验

在福建东山个发病的鲍鱼养殖场进行了对比试验。该种病毒病可通过隔离,使用沙滤水,用鲍毒清药浴或将药拌入产而得到治疗并控制其蔓延。对照池的鲍鱼未采取防治措施短时间内全部死亡。     

Octopus as predators of abalone on a sea ranch

This study examined the occurrence of octopus across an abalone, Haliotis laevigata, Donovan, sea ranch in south‐western Australia, to understand how octopus may be impacting abalone production. Commercial divers removed 654 octopus and 17,666 empty abalone shells during regular, 2 to 4‐weekly surveys over 27 months. A negative binomial generalised linear model estimated a 78% increase in empty shells per artificial abalone habitat per day, when octopuses were present, after adjusting for location and season. Of the 408 shells examined for evidence of predation, 19% had a small, slightly ovoid hole consistent with those made by octopus. The mean (± 1 SE) length of shells with boreholes (70.3 ± 2.2 mm) was significantly longer than those without (59.8 ± 0.5 mm), and boreholes were concentrated over the adductor, respiratory organs and heart. This study provides important insights into the adaptable feeding regimes of octopus and their potential to impose strong top‐down controls on sea ranching operations.     

Substitution effect of Undaria pinnatifida with citrus (Citrus unshiu,Marcovitch) peel by‐product in feed on the growth,body composition and air exposure stressor of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus,Reeve 1846)

Substitution effect of Undaria pinnatifida with citrus peel by‐product (CPB) on growth, body composition and air exposure stressor of abalone was determined. A total of 1,080 abalone were distributed into 18 net cages. Five formulated diets were prepared in triplicate. The CPB0 diet contained 200 g/kg U. pinnatifida. The 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 g/kg U. pinnatifida were substituted with the equal amount of CPB, referred to as the CPB250, CPB500, CPB750 and CPB1000 diets, respectively. Finally, dry U. pinnatifida was prepared. Abalone were fed for 16 weeks and then subjected to air exposure stressor for 24 hr. The cumulative mortality of abalone was monitored for the following 4 days after 24‐hr air exposure. Survival, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed all formulated diets were greater than those of abalone fed the U. pinnatifida. The greatest weight gain and SGR were achieved in abalone fed the CPB500 diet. The chemical composition of the soft body of abalone was not affected by the experimental diets. Higher cumulative mortality was observed in abalone fed the CPB0 and dry U. pinnatifida at 16 hr after 24‐hr air exposure compared to abalone fed all other diets. In conclusion, U. pinnatifida could be completely substituted with CPB in abalone feed.     

“东优1号”杂色鲍及其亲本群体的形态特征和养殖性能比较

以杂交种东优1号杂色鲍及其亲本群体为研究对象,对三者的外形特征和养殖性能进行了比较。结果表明,在壳形和密度相关的参数中,壳宽/壳长指标差异最为显著,日本群体的壳宽/壳长指标显著地大于台湾群体(P<0.05),而东优1号的值则介于双亲群体之间。采用海区延绳式吊养和陆地工厂化养殖两种养成模式,分别在福建、广东和海南对东优1号杂色鲍及其亲本群体进行为期一年的养殖对比试验。结果表明,杂色鲍台湾群体受养成期暴发性死亡症的严重影响,存活率极低;日本群体虽然具有较好的抗病能力,但生长速度却显著慢于东优1号和台湾群体;东优1号杂色鲍的生长速度和存活率在3个实验点都表现出较为显著的优势。研究结果表明东优1号杂色鲍是适合在亚热带和热带地区进行养殖的优良鲍新品种。