2001年大火对扎龙自然保护区丹顶鹤栖息与繁殖的影响

2001年8月末至10月扎龙自然保护区发生重大火灾，大火虽对保护区丹项鹤(Grus japonensis)的栖息地有一些影响，但对整个保护区丹项鹤的迁徙数量影响不大；对丹项鹤的营巢环境、巢址选择、巢材等因子产生较大影响，巢周围剩余芦苇面积、高度成为丹项鹤巢址选择的主要因子，次要因子是植被类型；大火对丹项鹤的始营巢期产生了影响，其营巢期较正常年份延缓4～5天。     

樊净山自然保护区黔金丝猴生境选择的研究

适宜的生境是珍稀濒危生物生存的决定性条件,对珍稀濒危生物生境的系统研究是生物多样性保护的前提。金丝猴是中国特有并且珍稀的濒危物种,黔金丝猴又是三种金丝猴中分布最为狭窄、对生境要求最为苛刻的一种。本文从黔金丝猴的最佳适宜生境、适宜生境和较适宜生境三个生境选择方面对生境内植物群落特征、环境因子、极端环境因子等进行了系统分析,对黔金丝猴的季节活动规律、活动区域和食物特点进行了系统的研究。结果表明常绿针阔混交林是黔金丝猴的最佳生存的植被群落,其最适宜的年均温度为8～15C,极端最低温度为-2.5C,极端最高温度为25C,最适宜生存的海拔高度为1500～1700m。在同一区域,植物多样性越多,越适宜黔金丝猴的生存。温度和食物是决定黔金丝猴种群活动范围大小的主要生境因子,海拔高度、植被群落特征、温度是黔金丝猴对生境选择的主要限制因子。图3表3参16。     

Guidelines for Managing Wildlife Habitats in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Forests of the United States

IntroductionEcoledcalrelahonshipsanddePendenceofwildlifesPe-ciesonsouthwesternPOnderosapine(Pineponderosa)fOrestsarecloselyrelat6dtohabitatuse.Foraginghabits,seasOndfoodPreferences,anduseoftreesforfeedingarelawtydePendentuponthestrUctureandspahalar-rangme…     

贵州亚热带地区的野生香花类观赏植物资源

贵州亚热带地区有野生香花类观赏植物23科39属（1亚属）70种（含新分布种和变种）。分布垂直带谱为海拔160－1000m。花色分为白色、黄色、紫色、黄绿色和红色5类。生境类型分为森林湿地型、疏林灌丛型、山坡草地型和附生型，以森林湿地型和疏林灌丛型的种类居多。银钟花、大叶木莲、尖叶木、云川醉鱼草、紫萼、香槐、两粤黄檀、单性木兰、苍白秤钩风和扭肚藤处于濒危状态。     

树桩盆景的养护管理技术

通过介绍生境管理，盆土管理和树上管理来讲述树桩盆景的养护管理技术。     

Effects of white-tailed deer on vegetation structure and woody seedling composition in three forest types on the Piedmont Plateau

White-tailed deer (Ododcoileus virginiana) can substantially affect the structure and species composition of a forest. The tolerance of a forest community to browsing may vary by type as a result of varying biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. To date, no studies have compared the effects of browsing among forest communities within a physiographic region. We investigated the effects of browsing on vegetation structure and woody seedling composition in three forest types (oak–hickory, Virginia pine–eastern red cedar, bottomland hardwood) in Manassas National Battlefield Park (MNBP), Virginia, USA. We compared forb cover, vertical plant cover (0–1.5 m tall), and survival of tagged seedlings in 10 exclosed (2 m × 6 m) and 10 unexclosed plots in each forest type during a 5-year period. No differential effects of browsing were found among forest types. In all forest types, deer (67 deer/km²) suppressed forb and vertical plant cover to levels less than would be expected in the absence of deer. Seedling survival rates of most species were significantly reduced by browsing. By the 4th year of the study, box elder (Acer negundo), hickory (Carya spp.), and red maple (Acer rubrum) had been eliminated from unexclosed plots, and red and white oaks (Quercus spp.) dramatically reduced. Ash (Fraxinus spp.), black cherry (Prunus serotina), and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), although significantly impacted, remained the most abundant species throughout the study. These findings suggest that white-tailed deer may be modifying the structure of the forest interior to the extent that it adversely affects wildlife species dependent on a dense understory to thrive. We predict that the future composition of forests in MNBP will shift towards stands with fewer species and a greater dominance of ash, black cherry, and hackberry, particularly in the oak–hickory and bottomland hardwood forests, where the majority of current dominants are most affected.     

Post-fire habitat restoration of sables during winter season in northern slope of the Great Xing＇an Mountains

Habitat loss and fragmentation have been associated with the decline of endangered species. In 1987, a catastrophic fire in the northern Great Hing＇an Mountains of China, where the main habitat of sables （Martes zibellina） is located, aggravated the loss and fragmentation of the forest landscape. Due to restricted distribution and low population density, sables were listed in the national first-grade protected species in China. The objective of this paper was to identify to what extent the habitat of sables had been restored 13 years after the fire. Based on the behavioral data, which came from field survey information by radio-tracking, GPS （Global Positioning System） and forest inventory data, suitability habitat maps were derived using the Ecological Niche Suitability Model （ENSM）. In addition, the habitat structure was analyzed with selected landscape indices. Although forest cover mostly had been restored by 2000, the results indicated that, compared to the pre-fire situation, the areas of suitable habitat had been reduced significantly, especially those of less suitable, marginally suitable and moderately suitable designation. Fragmentation was aggravated, and suitable patches were found to be further isolated with the exception of those in most suitable areas. The ratio of the patch perimeter to area in unsuitable, moderately suitable and suitable areas decreased, while the ratios within other suitability types increased. Moreover, the percentage of soft boundaries decreased slightly, which can influence the redistribution of sables. The results above indicated that the suitable habitat had deteriorated, and the restoration of the sables＇ habitat remained to be done.     

如何在超大城市的中心绿地营造特色生态微栖息地景观?——以深圳中心公园为例

为探索如何在现有公园基础上构建特色生态微栖息地,以深圳中心公园特色动植物调查为基础,明确中心公园趣味生态资源,进一步梳理周边生态系统和整体植被基底、筛选特色动物服务对象、融合公园整体规划与景观,力求构建12个具有本地特色的,超大城市中心绿地的动植物生态微栖息地,形成更多动物的觅食地、夜栖地乃至繁殖地,力求整体提升该区域的生物多样性,也利于形成城区内的生态“跳岛”和自然教育“网红”节点。     

不同产地加工方法对何首乌中二苯乙烯苷含量的影响

分别采用晒干、烘干法加工处理不同片型、规格的何首乌药材,采用HPLC法测定其中二苯乙烯苷的含量。以考察不同产地加工方法对何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的影响,为优选何首乌的产地加工方法及优化工艺提供依据。结果表明不同片型、规格何首乌二苯乙烯苷的平均含量依次为100℃烘干≈晒干﹥80℃烘干﹥60℃烘干,随着切片厚度的增加,其含量逐渐减少。可见不同产地加工对何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的含量有影响,其中片型、规格对其影响不显著,干燥方法对何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的影响显著。