乳牛口服过量维生素A对维生素D3及钙磷代谢的影响

从北京郊区某农场选取１０头健康成年黑白花乳牛，随机分为试验（５头，每周每头口服维生素Ａ１００万单位）和对照（５头，不作任何处理）两组。８周以后检测发现，试验组血清钙和无机磷水平呈下降趋势；尾椎骨皮质变薄，密度下降，呈现骨质吸收现象；血清碱性磷酸酶显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）；其活性代谢产物２５－羟维生素Ｄ３（２５－ＯＨ－Ｄ３）极显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；１，２５－二羟维生素Ｄ３［１，２５－（ＯＨ）２－     

２，４-二叔丁基苯酚对啤酒花幼苗生长与光合特性的影响

前期对不同植龄啤酒花根系分泌物及根际土壤的化学物质进行了分离鉴定,结果发现有酚类物质的存在且２,４-二叔丁基苯酚含量较高,为了进一步证实啤酒花是否存在自毒作用,采用田间小区栽培试验,研究了不同用量［０（ＣＫ,Ａ０）,７．５（Ａ１）,１５．０（Ａ２）和２２．５ｍｍｏｌ／ｍ２（Ａ３）］２,４-二叔丁基苯酚处理对啤酒花幼苗生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明,２,４-二叔丁基苯酚用量Ａ１ 和Ａ２ 处理,啤酒花生长好,地上部、地下部、总生物量及日均光合速率均比对照高,且达到显著差异（犘＜０．０５）;２,４-二叔丁基苯酚用量Ａ３ 处理,啤酒花地上部、地下部和总生物量及光合特性均较对照降低,差异达到显著水平（犘＜０．０５）。啤酒花幼苗叶片光合速率日变化呈双峰型,最高峰出现在上午９：００左右,次高峰出现在中午１５：００左右,午间有明显的“午休“现象,与对照（Ａ０）相比,Ａ１、Ａ２、Ａ３ 三个处理的次高峰出现的时间均有推迟,且Ａ１ 和Ａ２ 处理的幼苗午休”现象不太明显,气孔因素是导致其“午休”的主要原因。     

猪粪中除臭微生物的筛选和鉴定

用感官法初筛出20株菌株,再通过定性复筛试验,最后从猪粪便中共分离出5株除臭微生物,都具有很强的除臭效果,其中假单孢菌属(ZY-1)氨气的去除率高达47.70%,巴氏芽孢杆菌(WJ-2)硫化氢的去除率高达62.5%,显示出这类细菌在猪场粪便的处理过程中具有良好的应用前景。     

猪圆环病毒2型核酸疫苗的小鼠免疫保护试验

为了研究猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)核酸疫苗在小鼠攻毒试验中的免疫保护效果,以PCV-2 GXWZ-1株为模板,扩增出ORF2基因及其截短基因8个片段(A(ORF2)、B(51-100aa)、C(101-150aa)、D(181-235aa)、E(151-200aa)、F(51-150aa)、G(101-235aa)、H(51-235aa)),将其插入到pcDNA3.0载体中,构建出真核表达质粒,并将其转染至PK-15细胞,用间接免疫荧光试验检测其瞬时表达情况。将试验小鼠随机分成9组,其中免疫组7组,阴阳性对照各1组,将纯化的真核表达质粒对小鼠进行组合免疫;二免后,用经处理过的PCV-2 GXWZ-2株阳性病料悬液腹腔注射免疫组和非免疫对照组小鼠,阴性对照组用生理盐水腹腔注射;其后进行体重记录、病理切片制作及PCR检测。结果表明:共有6个真核表达质粒成功在PK-15细胞中表达。在攻毒后的3周内,阳性对照组小鼠PCR诊断均为阳性;免疫组中,部分组小鼠在攻毒后第1周或在第2周为阳性,到第3周时各免疫组小鼠全部为阴性;阴性对照组始终为阴性。免疫组在病理保护学方面明显优于非免疫对照组,非免疫对照组的体重增长速率略低于免疫组和阴性对照组。由此可见猪圆环病毒2型核酸疫苗在小鼠攻毒试验中有明显的保护作用。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和猪圆环病毒2型二重实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

以胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(App)apx ⅣA基因和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)ORF2基因为靶基因,分别设计特异性引物和探针,建立App和PCV-2的二重荧光PCR方法。App引物扩增的目的片段大小为132bp,PCV-2为169bp。建立的方法可在同一反应体系中同时对App和PCV-2进行定量检测鉴别,其敏感性分别为1×101拷贝和1×100拷贝,对其他猪病病原核酸的检测为阴性。利用该方法对10份人工感染临床样品进行检测试验,其结果符合率达100%,说明该方法可用于对临床样品中App和PCV-2的检测。     

Closed system anaesthesia in dogs using liquid sevoflurane injection; evaluation of the square-root-of-time model and the influence of CO2 absorbent

Objective To determine whether predictable alveolar concentrations of sevoflurane are reliably produced in dogs when liquid sevoflurane is injected into closed circuit breathing systems, as calculated by Lowe's square‐root‐of‐time anaesthetic uptake model, and to confirm the validity of the model using soda lime and calcium hydroxide lime. Study design Prospective clinical study. Animals Eleven healthy dogs with a mean body mass of 34 ± 9 kg scheduled for pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery. Materials and methods Following pre‐anaesthetic medication, anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane in a closed circle system. Epidural anaesthesia was performed with morphine and bupivacaine. Liquid sevoflurane was injected into the circuit by syringe, using dosages and time intervals derived from Lowe's square‐root‐of‐time anaesthetic uptake model. The target alveolar concentration chosen was 1.1 × MAC (2.6% end‐tidal sevoflurane). Either soda lime (group S; n = 6) or calcium hydroxide lime (Amsorb; group A; n = 5) were used for CO₂ absorption. Sevoflurane concentration and the respiratory gas composition were measured with an infrared gas analyser. Results End‐tidal sevoflurane concentrations were close to the predicted value of 2.6% at 9 minutes (2.53 ± 0.1% group S; 2.60 ± 0.26% group A) and 16 minutes (2.55 ± 0.30 group S; 2.52 ± 0.28% group A) but declined thereafter to reach 50% (group S) and 64% (group A) of the predicted value at 121 minutes. There was a constant trend towards higher end‐tidal sevoflurane concentrations in group A but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions The square‐root‐of‐time model leads to significantly lower alveolar concentrations than expected, suggesting that the rate of sevoflurane uptake in dogs declines less rapidly than predicted. The use of Amsorb tends to reduce the deviation from predicted concentrations. Clinical relevance The model used in this study provided only an approximate guide to the volume of liquid sevoflurane required. Consequently, the definitive dose schedule must be based on measured anaesthetic concentrations and clinical monitoring.     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

First report of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in Cuba

To obtain information about the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection status of pigs in Cuba and the probable association of PCV2 with other porcine viruses, tissue samples collected from ill pigs were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR analysis showed that 67.7% of the samples (23/34) from seven swine herds of six different geographic regions were detected to be positive for PCV2. Ten of the 23 PCV2 positive samples (43.5%) shown a concurrent infection with porcine parvovirus (PPV) and 17 of 23 PCV2 positive samples (73.9%) exhibited a concomitant infection with classical swine fever virus (CSFV). This study is the first report of PCV2 infecting pigs with different clinical conditions in Cuban swine herds and provides evidence of PCV2 co-infection with PPV and CSFV in the field.     

南阳牛IGF2基因第2外显子多态性及其与生长发育相关性研究

以126头纯种南阳黄牛为研究材料，利用PCR-RFLPs技术对胰岛素样生长因子2（IGF2）第2外显子的多态性及其与生长发育的相关性进行了分析。结果表明：南阳牛在该位点的遗传多态性丰富。检测到2种等位基因A和B，频率分别为0．6865和0．3135，A等位基因在群体中是优势等位基因；BB型个体的6、12、18、24月龄体斜长和胸围，12、18和24月龄的坐骨端宽，初生、6月龄和24月龄体重等体征性状显著地优于AA型；6月龄体斜长、12月龄的胸围、18月龄和24月龄坐骨端宽也显著优于杂合型。初步推断JGF2基因是非常有价值的辅助选择标记，可为南阳牛肉用型方向选择提供理论依据。