哈密瓜丰产型新品种金蜜8号的选育

金蜜8号是以自育自交系K3-8为母本,K1-2为父本杂交而成的中晚熟、高产、优质、耐储运哈密瓜新品种。植株生长势中等偏强,分枝力中等,坐果性优良。全生育期约95d,果实发育期50d左右。果实短椭圆形,金黄色果皮覆墨绿条带,中粗网纹密布全瓜;平均单果质量4.5kg,最大8kg以上;果肉橘黄色,松脆蜜甜,稍有纤维,风味纯正,中心可溶性固形物15%左右,品质较好;果肉厚度4.5cm,种腔较小,嵌瓤,耐贮运。适用于干旱地区栽培。     

Artificial induction of maturation and fertilization in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica

Repeated injections of salmon pituitary extract (20 mg per fish per week) induced vitellogenesis in feminized, cultivated Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica). Oocytes were attained at the migratory nucleus stage after 11 or 12 injections. Addition of 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) into the incubation medium induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the oocytes at the migratory nucleus stage. An injection of DHP (2 µg g^-1 BW), given 24h after an injection of salmon pituitary extract (20 mg fish^-1), succeeded in inducing maturation and ovulation in females which contained occytes at the migratory nucleus stage. Most fish ovulated 15–18h following the DHP injection. Eggs that were ovulated within 15h after the DHP injection showed high fertility and hatchability, but eggs ovulated 18 or 21h after the DHP injection, showed considerably lower fertility and hatchability. A delay between ovulation and stripping of the eggs rapidly decreased both the fertility and hatchability within 6–9h after ovulation, indicating that artificial fertilization must be carried out immediately after ovulation. Repeated injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at a concentration of 1 IU g^-1 BW week^-1 induced spermatogenesis, spermiation, and the acquisition of potential for sperm motility in cultivated males. Most males spermiated after the fifth or sixth injection of hCG, and the milt weight gradually increased and remained constant (1–2 g) from the 11th to 31th injection. Sperm motility peaked 24h after each weekly injection, and decreased from the 3^rd day after the injection. Potassium ions are an essential constituent for the maintenance of motility in the eel spermatozoa. Artificial seminal plasma containing 15.2 mM KCl is applicable as a milt diluent. Using these techniques developed for female and male eels, we have succeeded in obtaining many fertilized eggs from cultivated eels.     

Tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of a novel benzene‐poly‐carboxylic acids complex with cis‐diammineplatinum (II) dichloride in dogs with malignant mammary tumours

The pharmacokinetic profile, tolerability and efficacy of benzene‐poly‐carboxylic acids complex with cis‐diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (BP‐C1) were studied in dogs with mammary cancer. A three‐level response surface pathway designed trial was performed on seven dogs. At each level BP‐C1 was administered subcutaneously daily for 7 days followed by a 7‐day rest period in a dose escalating manner. Adverse events according to VCOG‐CTCAE, performance status and tumour progression were recorded. The pharmacokinetic profile followed a two‐compartment model with rapid absorption, short distribution, and a slow elimination phase. The overall elimination half‐life was 125 h. The maximum tolerated dose of BP‐C1 was estimated to be above 0.46 mg kg^?1. A significant reduction in VCOG‐CTCAE toxicity which correlated negatively with increasing dose was found. The dogs' general performance status remained unchanged. No decrease in total tumour burden was found, although temporary tumour reduction was seen in some target tumours.     

Validation of a small-area method for estimating the spatial distribution of the degree of tree damage

This article presents a validation of a method, proposed in Podlaski (2003), for estimating the degree of tree damage. This method belongs to a group of small-area methods. To estimate the degree of tree damage in individual P₃ sub-blocks of the SINUS system of information on the natural environment, a classification based on the degree of defoliation was used. Spatial distribution of the degree of tree damage was estimated through unrestricted simple random sampling. The maximum total estimation error for proportions of fir and beech with a damage degree of zero, and also with second and third degrees jointly, reached a maximum of 35.6% for fir, and 33.8% for beech. P₃ sub-blocks characterised by the highest proportion of the healthiest trees (at least 15% being undamaged trees) occurred in patches in the case of fir, and in larger, compact areas in the case of beech. Because spatial diversification in the health of fir, and to a smaller degree in the case of beech, occurs at small scales, small-area methods for estimating tree condition are necessary. An analogous scheme, combining small-area with large-area methods (utilising sub-blocks of the network of large-area systems in a small-area inventory, and establishing a common database), could be used on a wider scale; for example, by supplementing the program of estimating tree health carried out by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (Lorenz et al. 2002) with local inventories.     

混菌发酵苹果渣生产饲料蛋白的研究

试验利用太空诱变获得的优良菌种黑曲霉ZM-8和酿酒酵母、热带假丝酵母以及白地霉复配制成复合菌剂固体发酵苹果渣。通过正交试验获得了最适的培养基配方和复合菌剂的最佳配方。试验确定的最适培养基配方为硫铵7g、白糖4g、尿素2g、食盐4g,产物中粗蛋白的含量达26.4%,提高了312.50%。复合菌剂的最佳配方为黑曲霉突变株ZM-80.5g、酿酒酵母1.5g、白地霉1.0g、热带假丝酵母1.5g,产物中粗蛋白的含量达27.9%,提高了335.94%。     

吖啶酮衍生物作为增强型荧光信号探针用于8-羟基喹啉铜的检测

[目的]建立一种检测8-羟基喹啉铜的方法.[方法]采用自制合成的吖啶酮衍生物10-甲基-3-硝基-吖啶酮(MAT)作为增强型荧光信号探针,建立8-羟基喹啉铜的测定方法.[结果]在最佳条件下荧光增强值与8-羟基喹啉铜的浓度在5×10-9 ～5 ×10-5 mol/L范围内成良好的线性关系,检测限为6×10-10 mol/L.[结论]该方法灵敏度高、检测范围宽,结果令人满意,可用于实际样品中8-羟基喹啉铜含量的直接测定.     

苜蓿皂苷对大鼠肝脏及肝脏细胞低密度脂蛋白受体、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究苜蓿皂苷对大鼠肝脏及大鼠肝脏细胞(BRL细胞)胆固醇清除和转运途径中关键基因低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G5(ABCG5)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体G8(ABCG8)mRNA表达量的影响,从个体和细胞水平初步探讨苜蓿皂苷调控胆固醇清除和转运的分子机制。采用高脂饲粮建立大鼠高脂模型,测定苜蓿皂苷对正常、高脂大鼠血清指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量]和肝脏LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量的影响;采用高糖DMEM培养液建立BRL细胞脂变模型,测定苜蓿皂苷浓度对BRL细胞活性的影响,测定苜蓿皂苷对正常、脂变细胞LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量的影响。结果表明:1)苜蓿皂苷显著降低高脂大鼠血清中TG、TC和LDL-C的含量(P0.05);2)苜蓿皂苷显著上调正常大鼠肝脏LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8及高脂大鼠ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量(P0.05);3)添加200、250μg/m L苜蓿皂苷显著提高了BRL细胞的活性(P0.05);4)苜蓿皂苷显著上调正常BRL细胞LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA表达量(P0.05),而对脂变BRL细胞各基因mRNA表达量无显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,苜蓿皂苷可通过调控LDLR、ABCG5、ABCG8 mRNA的表达来增加肝细胞内胆固醇的清除和转运,从而降低机体胆固醇的含量。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒NSP8蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及抗原表位的初步鉴定

为鉴定猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV)NSP8蛋白的抗原表位,本研究对GST-NSP8重组蛋白进行了原核表达,并用纯化后的重组蛋白免疫6周龄BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾脏,采用常规杂交瘤细胞融合方法,经3次亚克隆后制备了1株稳定分泌抗NSP8蛋白的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株。分泌的单克隆抗体亚类鉴定其重链为IgG1型,轻链为κ链;杂交瘤细胞培养上清的效价为1∶3 200。Western blotting试验结果表明该单克隆抗体能识别原核及真核表达的NSP8重组蛋白。利用截短表达的方法对NSP8蛋白进行抗原表位的鉴定,初步确定了单克隆抗体针对的抗原表位序列为31SPQILKQLTKAFNIAKSDFEREASV55。本研究制备的单克隆抗体及对抗原表位的鉴定,为TGEV NSP8蛋白相关功能的研究奠定了基础。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化黑穗醋栗花色苷研究

文章选择了八种大孔吸附树脂,分别测定它们对黑穗醋栗花色苷粗提液的吸附率及解吸率,确定了AB-8为最佳树脂。通过Langmuir及Freundlich吸附等温方程对20℃条件下的试验数据进行拟合分析,结果表明,平衡浓度范围在0.056~1.00mg·100mL-1,遵循Freundlich吸附等温方程;平衡浓度范围在1.00~7.05mg·100mL-1,遵循Langmuir吸附等温方程,由Langmuir吸附等温式拟合结果得到AB-8大孔吸附树脂在给定试验条件下的单层饱和吸附量是15.92mg·g-1。根据AB-8大孔吸附树脂吸附特性的研究,得出最佳纯化条件为:选择pH1.0~2.0、浓度19.15mg·100mL-1的黑穗醋栗花色苷粗提液,以1.0mL·min-1的流速上样,经0.1%盐酸溶液洗涤后,用pH2.5的60%乙醇作为洗脱剂,在洗脱流速为0.5BV·h-1的情况下,得到的花色苷产品,纯度约为91.76%。     

牛分枝杆菌esat-6和mpb70-mpb83基因DNA疫苗的免疫效果

用PCR技术和重叠延伸剪接技术获得牛分枝杆菌esat-6基因和mpb70-mpb83融合基因，连接真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（＋），构建了重组质粒pCE6和pC70-83-E6。分4组免疫小鼠：pCE6组、pC70—83-E6组、pcDNA3．1（＋）和PBS对照组，采用间接EI。ISA法检测免疫小鼠血清特异性抗体水平，MTT法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖情况和IFN—y分泌情况。结果表明，2重组质粒免疫组小鼠的血清抗体水平持续上升，而2对照组始终维持在较低水平，且pC70-83-E6组小鼠的抗体水平高于pCE6组。经PPD刺激后，pCE6组和pC70—83-E6组小鼠的SI值与2对照组均差异显著（P〈0．05），2重组质粒免疫组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）；2重组质粒免疫小鼠脾细胞产生的IFN—y均显著高于2对照组（P〈0．05），且pC70-83-E6组明显高于其他3组（P〈0．05）。证实本试验构建的2种牛分枝杆菌DNA疫苗可有效诱导实验动物产生体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。