Quinone reductase (QR) inducers from Andrographis paniculata and identification of molecular target of andrographolide

In the present study, it was demonstrated that the petroleum extract of Andrographis paniculata (AP) had quinone reductase (QR) inducing activity, which might be attributed to the modification of key cysteine residues in Keap1 by Michael addition acceptors (MAAs) in it. To screen MAAs in AP, glutathione (GSH) was employed, and a LC/MS/MS method was implied. Three compounds, andrographoside, andrographolide, 14-deoxy-14,15-dehydroandrographolide were revealed could well conjugated with GSH. Then, andrographolide along with 4 new and 14 known compounds were isolated to conduct QR induction evaluation, and the CD (the concentration required to double the activity of QR) value of andrographolide is 1.43 μM. The QR induce activity of andrographolide might be attributed to its targeting multiple cysteine residues in Keap1, therefore, the alkylation of Keap1 by andrographolide was further studied and the result showed that four cysteine residues: Cys77, Cys151, Cys273 and Cys368 were alkylated, which indicated that Keap1 is a potential target for the QR induce activity of andrographolide.     

Optimization of Process Parameters of Hydrolyzed By-product of Combined Enzyme Down Processing

The aim of this study was to explore the optimal technological conditions for the synergistic enzymatic hydrolysis of feather processing by-products by recombinant keratinase and disulfide bond reductase from Bacillus licheniformis CP-16.Firstly,the appropriate proportion of keratinase and disulfide bond reductase was explored in this experiment.Secondly,the factors affecting the treatment of combined enzymes were studied,including steam pressure treatment time,enzymatic hydrolysis time,combined enzyme addition level and water content.Finally,L9(3⁴) orthogonal test was used to further optimize the processing conditions.The results were as follows:When the enzyme activity ratio of keratinase and disulfide bond reductase was 80：1 and the final concentration of keratinase was 90 U/mL,the combined enzyme had the best efficiency in feather hydrolysis.Pressure treatment of feather keratin for 2 h was more conducive to hydrolysis of feathers processing by-products by combined enzymes.Feather hydrolysis rate was the highest at 60 h hydrolysis,but it was not significantly different from that at 48 h (P>0.05).The efficiency of feather enzymatic hydrolysis in the total reaction system with 5.5 mL buffer was significantly higher than control group(P<0.05),but the difference was not significant compare to the group with 4.5 mL buffer (P>0.05).The results of orthogonal test showed that,the factors affecting the hydrolysis efficiency were pressure treatment time,enzymolysis time and enzyme dosage from large to small.The optimal conditions for feather enzymatic hydrolysis were:The ratio of keratinase to disulphide bond reductase was 80：1,121 ℃ for 2 h,the final concentration of keratinase was 90 U/mL,and the enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted at 50 ℃ for 48 h.At this condition,the soluble protein content of supernatant produced of each gram feather was 352.72 mg,which was 640.26% higher than that of the control group.In conclusion,the combination of multiple treatment processes was more conducive to improving the efficiency of hydrolysis of feathers processing by-products by combined enzymes.The study could provide guidance for the development and utilization of feather resources.     

花生品种间硝酸还原酶活性与其耐肥性的研究

花生主茎叶定型后的功能期,硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)很高,并可随其功能期保持一段时间后而下降.在整个生育期内NRA在苗期出现一次明显的高峰.苗期NRA与品种耐肥性呈负相关.经对大田栽培的两种粒型6个品种的系统测定,NRA的平均值亦与其耐肥性呈负相关,与花生叶片NO_3~-—N含量和籽粒蛋白质含量呈正相关,所以,花生NRA的高低可作为生化育种的指标.在不同氮肥量做种肥的条件下,种肥用量越高,苗期NO_3~-—N含量越高,NRA越低,氮肥抑制了苗期NRA.     

几种水生植物对氮素的利用及园林应用

对云南省广泛分布的金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、微齿眼子菜(Potamogetonmaackianus)、茭草(Zizania caduciflora)、菱角(Trapajaponica)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)5种水生植物进行了含水量、硝氮、总氮及硝酸还原酶活性测定和比较。结果表明:5种水生植物吸收利用氮素的能力存在差异,微齿眼子菜和金鱼藻对硝氮的吸收转化能力均较强,菱角对硝氮的吸收累积能力较强但是转化能力弱,环境中的氮素能明显增加茭草对硝氮的转化能力。根据不同植物对氮素利用能力的差异可将其合理的应用于园林造景中。     

N对叶菜型甘薯硝酸盐积累及品质的影响

研究5、10、20、40mmol·L-14个N浓度对叶菜型甘薯鲜嫩茎叶的硝酸盐含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、可溶性蛋白及总糖含量的影响.结果表明:随着N含量的增加,植株体内硝酸盐含量呈线性增加,随处理时间延长,高N含量下硝酸盐积累持续增加,但在较低含量下硝酸盐积累在施N后6-8d达到极值后有所下降;NR活性随N含量增加显著提高;N含量与总糖含量呈负相关,N含量高不利于总糖积累;N含量提高,植株可溶性蛋白含量也有所提高,但效果不明显.     

Growth periodicity in trees of Coffea arabica L. in relation to nitrogen supply and nitrate reductase activity

Vegetative growth of branches and leaf area gain in field-grown Arabica coffee trees in Viçosa, southeastern Brazil, exhibited active and quiescent phases. Nitrogen supplementation during the cool season did not prevent growth decline, nor did it alter the overall pattern of the tree growth; however, it enabled the plants to grow faster following the quiescent growth phase. Growth was related poorly to both nitrate content and nitrate reductase activity in leaves. In roots, N-fertilization in addition to accounting for greater content of nitrate, amino acids and ammonium was also associated with the maintenance of the nitrate reductase activity, but nitrate reduction was apparently nil in leaves during most of the cool season.     

板栗苗期生长发育规律研究

采用实验室检测和野外调查相结合方式,对板栗1年生嫁接苗生长发育动态、生理指标以及光能利用效率等内容进行研究,研究结论表明:板栗1年生嫁接苗地径和树高生长趋势均呈单"S"曲线变化,其中邵阳城步和常德石门板栗品种幼苗生长量,叶片蛋白质含量和叶绿素含量表现突出;邵阳城步板栗品种地径递增量为1.57cm,树高递增量为144.87cm,叶片蛋白质含量保持在6.42%,叶绿素含量为17.68g·L^-1;常德石门板栗品种地径递增量为1.46cm,树高递增量为142.07cm,叶片蛋白质含量维持在4.64%,叶绿素含量为21.92g·L^-1,说明邵阳城步和常德石门板栗品种幼苗生命活动较为旺盛。依据硝酸还原酶活性大小变化,岳阳临湘晚熟,岳阳临湘早熟和常德石门品种抗逆性较强,而邵阳城步品种抗逆性相对较弱。     

有机无机肥配施对旱地冬小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响

为探究有机无机肥配施对旱地冬小麦减肥增效的内在机制,依据7年长期定位试验,采用裂区设计,设5个氮水平（0、75、150、225、300 kg·hm^-2）为主处理,配施有机肥（用量30 t·hm^-2）和不施有机肥为副处理,单施化肥处理分别记为N0、N75、N150、N225、N300,配施有机肥处理分别记为MN0、MN75、MN150、MN225、MN300。在分蘖、拔节、开花、灌浆、成熟期采集植株地下（0~20 cm根系）和地上部分,对籽粒产量及其构成因素、氮素吸收利用状况进行研究。结果表明,随施氮量增加,冬小麦有效穗数、穗粒数先增加后减少,而千粒质量则逐渐下降。配施有机肥处理有效穗数较单施化肥处理整体提高7.1%。MN150处理籽粒产量最高,达到6 311 kg·hm^-2。单施化肥处理籽粒对氮素的吸收主要通过花前氮素转运,而配施有机肥处理花前氮素转运和花后吸收对籽粒氮素积累作用同等重要。与单施化肥相比,有机无机肥配施花前氮素转运量、花后氮素积累量分别提高9.80%、33.10%。花前氮素转运以茎秆为主,花后氮素积累量在MN150处理最高。配施有机肥显著提高氮素利用率和农学效率,降低施氮量在增加氮素利用率与农学效率的同时提高了氮素收获指数。适量增施氮肥显著提高叶片硝酸还原酶活性,单施化肥和配施有机肥分别在N225、MN150处理达到最高,有机无机肥配施下,硝酸还原酶活性在分蘖、拔节、开花和灌浆期分别提高25.94%、12.88%、9.90%和12.35%。综合来看,有机无机肥配施下施氮量为150 kg·hm^-2时既能促进冬小麦植株对氮素的吸收利用,又有利于保证西北旱地冬小麦稳产高产。     

茉莉酸甲酯对颠茄生长及其氮代谢的影响

以颠茄(Atropa belladonna)幼苗为材料,研究了不同质量浓度(0,100,200,300和400μmol/L)茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl Jasmonate,MeJA)处理不同时间(7,14,21和28d)对颠茄鲜质量、光合色素和主要含氮化合物质量分数以及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响,为药材产量的提高提供理论依据.结果表明,随处理时间的延长,各质量浓度MeJA处理组中颠茄鲜质量、光合色素质量分数呈降低的趋势,并明显低于同时期对照(0μmol/L);相反可溶性蛋白(SP)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)质量分数呈增加的趋势,其中低质量浓度(100,200μmol/L)MeJA更能促进SP,Pro质量分数的积累.在MeJA处理28d时,硝态氮质量分数显著降低(p0.05);硝酸还原酶(GS)与谷氨酰胺合成酶(NR)活性的变化趋于一致,呈先升高后降低趋势,均是在200μmol/L MeJA处理时活性达到最高值,分别是对照的1.35倍和1.672倍.综上,MeJA能够抑制颠茄的生长,降低光合色素、硝态氮质量分数,而低质量浓度MeJA可提高SP,Pro质量分数以及GS,NR活性,因此在颠茄人工栽培过程中喷施低质量浓度MeJA有利于颠茄的生长和氮素代谢.     

不同基因型烤烟苗期氮代谢对相关酶活性的影响

采用沙培方法,选用不同基因型烤烟‘K326'、‘中烟90'和‘净叶黄',研究氮形态对不同烤烟幼苗叶部、根部的酶活性及可溶性蛋白含量的影响.研究发现,在NO3 -N或NH4+ -N不同处理水平下,‘净叶黄'叶部硝酸还原酶(NR)的活性较高,‘中烟90'根部NR的活性较高,在NH4+ -N的处理水平下NR的活性高于NO3- -N处理水平;‘K326'叶部和根部的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)的活力较高,根部的GS活力远大于叶部,并且在NH4+ -N的处理水平下叶部的GS活性低于NO3- -N处理水平,根部NH4+ -N处理水平下GS活性高于的NO3- -N处理水平;可溶性蛋白的含量具体表现为‘净叶黄'叶部较高,‘中烟90'根部较高.结果表明不同基因型烤烟间根部、叶部NR和GS活性以及可溶性蛋白含量与氮素形态有关,并且与氮素水平不呈正相关.