不同基因型玉米氮素利用的机理研究

利用15N标记研究了不同基因型玉米氮素利用效率的差别;分析了不同基因型玉米豫单2002(高蛋白)和豫单136(低蛋白)籽粒中蛋白质含量及单粒蛋白质含量在灌浆期的动态变化;测定了籽粒中硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的变化动态,结果表明蛋白质含量高的玉米品种氮素利用率较高,豫单2002比豫单136高7.79%;二者的硝酸还原酶活性在灌浆期内变化趋势相近,授粉0~30d,也相差不大,授粉后30d至收获,豫单2002的硝酸还原酶活性始终高于豫单136,授粉后第45天时,豫单2002比豫单136高出32.77μg NO2-/(g FW.h);豫单2002与豫单136籽粒的谷氨酰胺合成酶活性在籽粒灌浆期的变化动态均呈“∽”型,且豫单2002一直高于豫单136;高的酶活性促进了蛋白质的形成。本研究为高蛋白玉米的蛋白质形成基础提供了理论依据。     

硫营养对绿茶产量和品质的影响

研究了硫营养对绿茶产量和品质的影响及其可能的机理。试验设2个硫处理(0,50 kg S.ha-1.a-1),每个处理重复4次,完全随机区组设计。结果表明:施硫能够提高产量、增加氨基酸和抗坏血酸(AsA和DAsA)含量,降低茶多酚和酚氨比(TP/AA)。施硫对茶叶品质的改善与降低多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性、提高硝酸还原酶(NR)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性有关。     

Dual Targeting of PTP1B and Aldose Reductase with Marine Drug Phosphoeleganin: A Promising Strategy for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

An in-depth study on the inhibitory mechanism on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and aldose reductase (AR) enzymes, including analysis of the insulin signalling pathway, of phosphoeleganin, a marine-derived phosphorylated polyketide, was achieved. Phosphoeleganin was demonstrated to inhibit both enzymes, acting respectively as a pure non-competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and a mixed-type inhibitor of AR. In addition, in silico docking analyses to evaluate the interaction mode of phosphoeleganin with both enzymes were performed. Interestingly, this study showed that phosphoeleganin is the first example of a dual inhibitor polyketide extracted from a marine invertebrate, and it could be used as a versatile scaffold structure for the synthesis of new designed multiple ligands.     

不同覆膜处理对烤烟生长及蔗糖转化酶、硝酸还原酶活性的影响

在四川省凉山州烟草科学研究所进行了地膜覆盖与揭膜时期试验.结果表明,不同的揭膜处理对烟草株高及叶片生长有明显的影响.叶片中蔗糖转化酶(INV)、硝酸还原酶(NR)的活性,覆膜处理较不覆膜处理的高,在覆膜处理中以35 d揭膜处理的酶活性最强;烟草根系中NR活性与地上部叶片中的变化趋势不同,表现为不覆膜处理的酶活性高于覆膜处理.     

Coconut kernel protein modifies the effect of coconut oil on serum lipids

Feeding coconut kernel along with coconut oil in human volunteers has been found to reduce serum total and LDL cholesterol when compared to feeding coconut oil alone. This effect of the kernel was also observed in rats. Since many plant proteins have been reported to exert a cholesterol lowering effect, a study was carried out on the effect of isolated kernel protein in rats. Feeding kernel protein resulted in lower levels of cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides in the serum and most tissues when compared to casein fed animals. Rats fed kernel protein had (1) increased hepatic degradation of cholesterol to bile acids, (2) increased hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, and (3) decreased esterification of free cholesterol. In the intestine, however, cholesterogenesis was decreased. The kernel protein also caused decreased lipogenesis in the liver and intestine. This beneficial effect of the kernel protein is attributed to its very low lysine/arginine ratio 2.13% lysine and 24.5% arginine.     

光皮桦与青冈栎苗期生理生化特性研究

对光皮桦和青冈栎幼苗进行硝酸还原酶活力、氨基态氮含量及全氮含量测定,结果显示光皮桦的三项生理生化指标均明显高于青冈栎。硝酸还原酶活力在光皮桦各营养器官中的分布大小是叶＞根＞茎;在青冈栎各器官的分布是叶最高,茎其次,根最低。氨基态氮含量在两树种的分布情况与硝酸还原酶活力类似。生长盛期的硝酸还原酶活力及氨基态氮含量达到高峰。研究表明光皮桦的氮素同化能力和贮藏能力高于青冈栎,因此营养生长旺盛。     

两种蔬菜对硝态氮的累积和还原

将粗厚山羊草（６Ｘ）、牡山羊草、瓦维洛夫山羊草等Ｄ２型异源细胞质导入普通小麦,研究它们对普通小麦籽粒品质的的影响。结果表明,Ｄ２型细胞质对提高蛋白质和湿面筋含量的作用很明显;对干面筋含量的影响因品种本身含量高低而不同,对低面筋含量品种的提高作用较大;对沉淀值的影响主要因核型不同而异。认为将Ｄ２型异源细胞质导入普通小麦是一条有效的品质改良途径。     

水分胁迫下3种针叶树幼苗抗旱性与硝酸还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性的关系

采用PEG ( 60 0 0 )根际渗透胁迫处理 ,测定了水分胁迫下马尾松、火炬松、水杉幼苗硝酸还原酶 (NR)和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性变化。结果表明 ,在水分胁迫下各苗木NR和SOD活力都呈下降趋势。NR和SOD活性以及RWC两两间均呈明显的线性正相关。从 3个树种抗旱性与NR和SOD活性下降程度来看 ,抗旱性较强的马尾松NR和SOD活性下降幅度均最小 ;抗旱性较差的水杉NR活性下降幅度最大 ,SOD居第 2位 ,抗旱性居中的火炬松NR活性下降幅度居第 2位 ,而SOD居第 1位。表明 3个树种抗旱性与胁迫下NR活性呈明显正相关 ,而与SOD活性没有明显的相关性。NR活性可以作为这 3个树种间抗旱能力评定的有效生化指标 ,SOD活性可以作为参考指标。表 2参 1 5     

硼钼胁迫对大豆叶片硝酸还原酶与硝态氮的影响

研究了3个大豆品种在硼钼胁迫下4个生育期（V ₅, R₁, R₃, R₇）叶片硝酸还原酶活力和硝态氮含量的变化。结果表明：硼钼胁迫将抑制大豆叶片硝酸还原酶活性,增加硝态氮含量;大豆3个品种之间存在基因型差异;硝态氮含量与硝酸还原酶活力处于动态平衡。     

中华根瘤菌NP1亚硝酸盐还原酶基因的表达和酶学性质研究

[目的]研究中华根瘤菌NP1(Sinorhizobium sp.NP1)中亚硝酸盐还原酶基因(nir)的原核表达情况以及粗酶液的化学性质。[方法]构建该基因的原核表达载体p ET32a-nir,然后对重组蛋白质进行SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析获得NIR酶在原核生物中的表达情况。通过测定粗酶液对亚硝酸盐降解情况研究相关酶学性质。[结果]SDS-PAGE检测结果表明,可溶性融合表达产物约为57 ku,其中亚硝酸盐还原酶大小约40 ku,与酶分子量的预估值一致;Western blotting证实该蛋白可与根据亚硝酸盐还原酶合成的多克隆抗体发生强阳性反应;酶学性质分析表明,亚硝酸盐还原酶活力约为247.15 U/m L,最适pH 6.5,最适反应温度37℃,该酶对Na Cl的耐受性为0.3 mol/L。[结论]亚硝酸盐还原酶蛋白重组质粒能在大肠杆菌系统中高效表达,研究其酶学性质为NO_2~-生物清除提供了技术保障。