Glutathione and its Related Enzymes in the Nile Fish

Glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes, glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) form an important phase 2 biotransformation enzymes system. The objective of this study was to compare this enzymes system in three fish species from the river Nile, Oreochromis niloticus, Claris lazera and Cyprinus carpio in order to establish the main differences and to purify and characterize GST from the liver of O. niloticus.The level of GSH and the activity of GST, GPx and GR in the liver, kidney and gills of the three fish species were examined. A simple reproducible procedure for the purification of GST from the liver of O. niloticus to homogeneity, which includes chromatography on DEAE- cellulose followed by affinity chromatography on GSH-sepharose was established. The molecular mass was found to be 25,460 Da by SDS-PAGE. The Michaelis-Meneten constants (K_m) of the enzyme for GSH and CDNB were 0.35 mM and 0.42 mM, respectively. The affinity purified enzyme exhibited maximum pH at pH 8.0 and increasing pH above 8.0 did not affect the observed maximum. The purified enzyme acts readily on CDNB, less readily on some standard transferase substrates (1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene and p-nitrophenethyl bromide) and not at all on others (bromosulphophthalein and p-nitrobenzyl chloride). Bromosulfophthalein, cibacron blue and hematin inhibited CDNB-conjugating activity of the purified enzyme with IC₅₀ 0.079, 3.98 and 0.126 μM, respectively.     

甘蔗蜡提取物多廿烷醇的降血脂机制研究

采用RT-PCR、Western Blot、L-[35S]放射性标记物掺入等方法,观察甘蔗蜡提取物多廿烷醇对Hep G2细胞羟甲基戊二酸辅酶A (HMG-CoA)还原酶mRNA转录及蛋白质表达量的影响,及其对HMG-CoA 还原酶合成和降解的作用.结果表明,多廿烷醇降低HMG-CoA还原酶mRNA的转录和蛋白质的表达量,且作用效果随多廿烷醇浓度的升高而增强.此外,多廿烷醇抑制HMG-CoA还原酶的合成并加速其降解,多廿烷醇处理后HMG-CoA还原酶的半衰期明显缩短.     

QTLs and candidate genes for chlorate resistance in rice (Oryzasativa L.)

Chlorate resistance is one of the reliable characters in Indica/Japonica classification. To understand the genetic basis of chlorate resistance is very important for revealing the evolutionary mechanism of Indica/Japonica differentiation. In this study, a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from anther culture of ZYQ8/JX17, a typical Indica and Japonica hybrid, was used as the genetic material to investigate chlorate sensitivity of the parents and DH lines. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of chlorate resistance were analyzed based on the molecular linkage map of this population. Total of 3 QTLs (qCHR-2, qCHR-8 and qCHR-10) for chlorate resistance were detected on chromosomes 2, 8 and 10, respectively. A QTL × QTL epistatic interaction was detected between qCHR-2 and qCHR-10. Genes involved in nitrogen assimilation, such as nitrate reduction, molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and nitrate transport were strong candidates of QTLs for chlorate resistance. A putative nitrate reductase gene (8611.t00011), and two putative nitrate reductase genes (9319.t00010 and 9319.t00012) were in the genomic region of qCHR-2, and qCHR-8, respectively, and a putative nitrate transporter gene (756.t00011) was in the region of qCHR-10. The expression of 8611.t00011, 9319.t00010 and 756.t00011 were confirmed by the corresponding cDNAs, and 2 in/del and 12 SNPs in the coding regions of these three genes were found between Indica (cv. 9311) and Japonica (cv. Nipponbare) in silico. These results indicated that these three genes were candidates of the chlorate resistance QTLs. An in/del in the coding region of 8611.t00011 was used to develop a new PCR marker. A polymorphism was detected between JX17/Nipponbare and ZYQ8/9311. This polymorphism corresponds to the chlorate sensitivity of Nipponbare and 9311. This marker was located between Y8007R and RM250 on chromosome 2 in the DH population, where qCHR-2 was also located.     

硝酸还原酶活力与作物耐肥性的研究 Ⅲ.北方粳稻品种演变过程中硝酸还原酶活力与品种性状之间的关系

对北方粳稻栽培品种演变过程中品种性状和硝酸还原酶活力变化的研究表明:1)品种性状在演变过程中有了明显的变化,即从大穗高秆向多穗矮秆的方向变化;2)品种抗倒耐肥性变化的总趋势是由弱到强,其硝酸还原酶活力从高到低的变化。这就是说过去老品种大穗高秆,不抗倒不耐肥,硝酸还原酶活力高,而目前推广品种多穗矮秆,抗倒耐肥,硝     

甜菜子叶期幼苗硝态氮吸收特性及其与硝酸还原酶活性的关系

６个有代表性的甜菜品种在人工气候室的营养液培养试验表明，甜菜子叶期幼苗对ＮＯ３＾－的吸收要经最初２ｈ的适应阶段后才可均匀进行。均匀吸收后，观察到多倍体的吸收量〉２倍体，倍性相同品种中Ｅ型〉ＮＥ型〉ＮＺ型〉Ｚ型的初步结果。不同类型品种间ＮＯ３＾－吸收的表观米氏常数（Ｋｍ，ａｐｐ）、最大吸收速率（Ｉｍ）有明显差异，除多倍体ＮＺ型品种甜研３０１的Ｋｍ，ａｐｐ较低而Ｉｍ较高外，其余品种的Ｋｍ，ａｐｐ和Ｉｍ     

花生硝酸还原酶与根瘤中固氮酶活性的研究

花生品种间根瘤量的变化有显著差异,但每克根瘤中固氮酶活性则差异不显著。固氮酶活性在全生育期出现两次高峰,分别在下针期和结荚期,而单株根瘤中固氮酶活性和单株根瘤量均在结荚期出现一次高峰。花生主茎复叶硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)在生育前期出现一次高峰,其活性的高低与品种耐肥性呈负相关。NRA 和根瘤中固氮酶活性有正相关     

Influence of selenium on oxidoreductive enzymes activity in soil and in plants

The aim of this greenhouse experiment was the assessment of the influence of H₂SeO₃ at soil concentrations of 0.05, 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg⁻¹, on the activity of selected oxidoreductive enzymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The wheat plants were grown in 2 dm³ pots filled with dust-silt black soil of pH 7.7. Applied H₂SeO₃ caused activation of plant nitrate reductase at all concentrations, but activation of plant polyphenol oxidase at only two lower concentrations. The highest concentration caused inhibition of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. Plant catalase activity decreased under the influence of 0.15 and 0.45 mmol kg⁻¹ concentration. After the final analysis Se was quantified in plants and soil. The amounts in plants were: control (unamended soil) 1.95 mg kg⁻¹; I dose (0.05 mmol kg⁻¹) 18.27 mg kg⁻¹; II dose (0.15 mmol kg⁻¹) 33.20 mg kg⁻¹ and III dose (0.45 mmol kg⁻¹) 38.37 mg kg⁻¹, in soil: 0.265 mg kg⁻¹; 3.61 mg kg⁻¹; 10.53 mg kg⁻¹; 30.53 mg kg⁻¹; respectively. Simultaneously, a laboratory experiment was performed, where the activity of soil catalase and peroxidase were tested after 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 days after Se treatment. Peroxidase activity in soil decreased with increasing Se content, over the whole experiment. The lowest dose of Se caused activation a significant 10% increase in catalase activity, but the influence of others doses was unclear.     

甜菜叶片中硝酸还原酶活力的研究

通过对甜菜叶片中硝酸还原酶活力的研究，结果表明：（１）酶活力动态变化规律为块根及糖分增长期以前，酶活力逐渐增加，到糖分积累期活力下降；（２）块根分化形成期，不同类型品种之间的酶活力有差异，即高糖型品种酶活力高于丰产型品种，且酶活性与收获时块根含糖率呈显著正相关；（３）糖分积累期，硝酸还原酶活力与块根产量呈显著负相关。上述特点，可为甜菜育种及合理施用氮肥，从而提高甜菜生产水平提供科学依据。     

白三叶、多年生黑麦草和鸭茅光合生理生态特性研究

为研究白三叶、多年生黑麦草和鸭茅各生育期群落光合生理生态特性,探讨三者作为人工草地混播组合的生态适应性,用CI-310便携式光合仪测定了各生育期群落光合特性,并分析了硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)以及叶绿素含量的变化。结果表明:白三叶、多年生黑麦草和鸭茅光合生理生态指标互补优势明显,光合生理生态适应性较强,推测光合生理生态特性能够作为混播牧草搭配组合的重要参考指标;开花期,鸭茅群落同化CO2的净光合速率、同化CO2的光能利用效率(LUE)和同化CO2的水分利用效率(WUE)日平均值分别为17.9μmol/(m2.s),40.9mmol/mol和44.2 mmol/mol均显著高于多年生黑麦草和白三叶;开花期和成熟期LUE日变化曲线呈“V”字形,中午LUE较低,成熟期鸭茅的最高值可达54.5 mmol/mol,而最低值仅为15.1 mmol/mol;WUE各生育期日变化均呈逐渐下降的趋势,3种牧草WUE的差异主要表现在上午;白三叶硝酸还原酶活性在整个生育期均显著高于多年生黑麦草和鸭茅,而多年生黑麦草和鸭茅的差异不显著;分蘖期和开花期多年生黑麦草和鸭茅叶绿素a和b的含量高于白三叶,在枯黄期却相反。