施肥对草原3号杂花苜蓿种子产量的影响

采用“3414”二次回归设计，研究了N、P、K肥配施对草原3号杂花苜蓿种子产量的影响。结果表明，磷肥的增产作用最大，其次为钾肥，氮肥的影响最小；最高产量预期值达到578．55kg／hm^2的最佳施肥方案：氮肥81．0-114．75kg／hm^2，磷肥218．75-262．0kg／hm^2，钾肥96．0-138．0kg／hm^2，氮、磷、钾比例为N：P2O5：K2O=1：1．76，2．08：1．17-1．33.     

牛GDF9和BMP15基因遗传变异与双胎性状的关系研究

以生长分化因子9(Growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)基因和骨形态发生蛋白15(Bone morphogenet-ic protein 15,BMP15)基因作为牛双胎性状的候选基因,研究了它们在鲁西牛、秦川牛、南阳牛和中国荷斯坦牛4个品种中的遗传变异,并在鲁西牛群体中研究了其多态位点与双胎性状的关系。结果表明:在鲁西牛中GDF9基因的3′UTR发现缺失突变,而其它3个品种中没有发现该突变。对鲁西牛群体中该多态位点与单、双胎性状之间进行卡方显著性检验表明,单胎牛群体与双胎牛群体基因型分布有极显著的差异(P=0.006),双胎牛群体的B等位基因频率明显大于单胎牛群体。通过生物信息学分析表明,突变体mRNA的二级结构与野生型相比总自由能值差异不大,但突变体mRNA翻译起始位点的二级结构稳定性明显大于野生型。在鲁西牛、南阳牛和秦川牛的BMP15基因中发现编码区第759~762位有GAAA 4个碱基存在缺失突变,但没有检测到突变纯合个体,中国荷斯坦牛中没有检测到该突变。卡方显著性检验表明单胎牛群体和双胎牛群体在该位点基因型组成差异不显著(P=0.947)。     

4个绵羊品种MHC-DRB3基因外显子2的多态性分析

采用PCR-RFLP方法分析4个绵羊品种（阿勒泰羊、中国美利奴肉用多胎品系、湖羊和陶塞特羊）MHC-DRB3基因第2外显子的多态性，并进行聚类分析以及基因杂合度和多态信息含量的计算。结果表明：在绵羊MHC-DRB3基因第2外显子第122、154、168、220和241 bp碱基处表现出多态性；χ2适合性检验结果表明，4个绵羊群体MHC-DRB3基因的第2外显子的PstⅠ酶切位点达到了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，TaqⅠ和HaeⅢ酶切位点多态性均未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态；4个绵羊群体基因杂合度和多态信息含量值分别在0.693～0.774和0.662～0.738之间，表明4个绵羊品种具有丰富的遗传多样性；聚类结果表明，中国美利奴肉用多胎羊和湖羊亲缘关系最近，阿勒泰羊和陶塞特羊关系较远，与实际选育过程一致，MHC-DRB3多态性可作为绵羊育种标记进一步研究。     

Cryopreservation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) shoot tips by encapsulation-vitrification

Shoot tips excised from in vitro cultured plants of Dianthus caryophyllus L. (cv. Pallas, cv. Pink Candy and cv. Wanessa) were successfully cryopreserved using an encapsulation-vitrification method. Shoot tips (2–3 mm in length) were encapsulated in sodium alginate, precultured on liquid Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 M) for 24 h or 48 h and dehydrated with the vitrification solution PVS2 (up to 4 h) at 24 °C or 0 °C prior to direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C). A maximum of shoot regeneration from cryopreserved shoot tips was obtained with the following combinations: preculture in 0.5 M sucrose and 180 min dehydration treatment at 0 °C for cv. Pallas (60% shoot formation), or preculture in 0.75 M and 200 min dehydration at the same temperature for cv. Pink Candy (66.6% shoot formation) and cv. Wanessa (73% shoot formation).     

Analysis and modeling of gas exchange processes in Scaevola aemula

Scaevola aemula is a popular ornamental crop cultivated as a bedding plant or for hanging baskets. We characterized gas exchange properties of S. aemula ‘New Wonder’ in response to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), carbon dioxide concentration, and leaf temperature. Net CO₂ assimilation rate (A) was responsive to CO₂, exhibiting a saturation when intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) was greater than 600 μmol mol⁻¹. Net CO₂ assimilation rate and dark respiration rate (R_d) were 23.1 and 2.3 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively, at 25 °C and PAR = 1500 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. Net CO₂ assimilation rates were similar at leaf temperatures between 20 and 30 °C but significantly reduced at 15 °C. These gas exchange results were used to test the extendibility of a coupled gas exchange model previously developed for cut-roses. Utilizing the gas exchange data measured at 25 °C leaf temperature, several model parameters were independently determined for S. aemula. Model predictions were then compared with observations at different leaf temperatures. The model predicted the rates of net CO₂ assimilation and transpiration of S. aemula reasonably well. Without additional calibration, the model was capable of predicting the temperature dependence of net CO₂ assimilation and transpiration rates. Applying the model to predict the effects of supplemental lighting and CO₂ enrichment on canopy photosynthesis and transpiration rates, we show that this model could be a useful tool for examining environmental control options for S. aemula production in the greenhouse.     

Histamine receptor antagonist prevent and ameliorate airway remodeling and acid-base imbalance in asthma of guinea pig

AIM:To investigate the effect of histamine receptor antagonist on airway remodeling and acid-base imbalance in asthma of guinea pig. METHODS:Guinea pigs were divided into 5 groups: the normal control group, the asthma model group, the continued asthma model group, histamine group and histamine receptor antagonist group. For each group, the content of histamine, Na+, Cl-, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, AB, SB in serum, and thickness of airway mucosa and smooth muscle cell layer were measured and compared with each other. RESULTS:(1) According to the content of histamine in serum and thickness of airway mucosa and smooth muscle, the order was: the histamine group>continued asthma model group>the asthma model group>the normal control group (P<0.01), and the histamine receptor antagonist groupthe continued asthma model group (P<0.01), but for PaCO2, the order was conversed. Airway remodeling, increase in histamine in serum, respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis in asthmatic guinea pig were observed. Exogenous histamine accentuated the change, however, histamine receptor antagonist attenuated it. CONCLUSION:Histamine may take part in the airway remodeling of asthma. Histamine receptor antagonist can prevent and ameliorate airway remodeling and acid-base imbalance in asthma of guinea pig.     

Activity of H+-K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells under stress in rats and analysis of electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry

AIM: To demonstrate the changes of activity and electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry staining of H⁺-K⁺-ATPase of gastric parietal cells under stress in rats. METHODS: Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, stress group and stress+omeprazole (OM) group. Water immersion-restraint stress (WRS) model in SD rats was performed. The ulcer index (UI) of gastric mucosa and H⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity of gastric parietal cells were measured. The changes of ultrastructure and electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry staining of parietal cells were observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS: Compared with control group, the UI of gastric mucosa and H⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity of gastric parietal cells increased (P<0.01 and P<0.05) in stress group. In stress+OM group, both UI and H⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity decreased (P<0.01) compared with stress group. Parietal cells were in a resting state in control group, and became active in stress group, where plenty of intracellular canaliculi were observed under the TEM. In stress+OM group, the dilated intracellular canaliculi lined with rare microvilli were founded. Enzyme cytochemistry staining showed that there was little black punctate enzyme reactive product scatted in intracellular canaliculi and the apical plasma membrane of parietal cells in control group, and there were large amounts of black enzyme reactive product accumulated at the intracellular canaliculi in stress group. Scarcely deposition of enzyme reactive product in intracellular canaliculi was observed in stress+OM group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the H⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity of gastric parietal cells increases under WRS, and is in accordance with ultrastructure changes. These findings suggeste that gastric acid might be one of the most important factors that result in stress ulcer.     

Caspase 3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO attenuates 10-hydroxycamptothecin-induced activation of NF-κB in Bcap37 cells

AIM:To investigate the role of caspase 3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO in caspase 3 signaling pathway and NF-κB activation induced by 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) in human breast carcinoma cells. METHODS:The cell growth inhibition was measured by MTT assay. Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed for detecting cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used for determining protein expression. DIG-EMSA was conducted to measure the DNA-binding activation of NF-κB. RESULTS:Caspase 3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO attenuated HCPT-induced apoptosis in human breast carcinoma. Ac-DEVD-CHO also suppressed the degradation of caspase 3 and IκBα,and arrested the activation of NF-κB. CONCLUSION:Caspase 3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO regulates the activation of caspase 3 and NF-κB,and attenuates apoptosis in Bcap37 cell line induced by HCPT.     

女贞果实色素特性研究

从女贞果实中提取色素,对其进行分离纯化,测定其光谱;并采用正交设计方法对女贞果实色素的稳定性进行试验.结果表明:女贞果实色素在20℃,pH值2,氧化剂浓度为0.01%的情况下稳定性好;同时表明pH值对其稳定性影响很小;温度达到80℃时该色素受到破坏,氧化剂(H2O2)的浓度很低时(0.01%),色素就会受到破坏.     

Effects of 4-hydroxytamoxifen on the growth and proliferation of prolactinomas CH3 cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of estrogen antagonists on the in vitro growth of human prolactinomas. METHODS: RT-PCR was applied to the detection of estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA expressed in a human prolactinomas CH3 cell strain. Estradiol and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHTam) were added respectively at different concentrations into the culture medium. Cell number and levels of ER mRNA were examined. RESULTS: The growth of CH3 cells became slower in estrogen-deprived medium than that in nomal culture and was higher in medium containing estrogen(E2) at concentration of 10^-8 mol/L than at concentration of 10^-6 mol/L. OHTam (10^-6mol/L) inhibited the growth of CH3 cell strain treated with E2. The expression of ER mRNA in CH3 cells was observed, the levels of ER mRNA in the E2 (10^-8mol/L) group, higher than those in estrogen deprived group. OHTam (10^-6mol/L) obviously inhibited the expression of ER mRNA. CONCLUSION: The growth of CH3 cells depends on estrogen, estrogen antagonists inhibits the growth of CH3 cells and decline the levels of ER mRNA. ER levels in human prolactinomas cell lines can be auto-regulated.