Genetic Variability in Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization Efficiency from Sparingly Soluble P-Sources by Brassica Cultivars under P-Stress Environment

Plants display an array of classical strategies to maximize phosphate (Pi) acquisition from sparingly soluble P sources. Acclimation to Pi-stress via elegant Pi-starvation induced (PSI) adjustments would reduce our current overreliance on expensive, polluting and non-renewable Pi-fertilizers. Nevertheless, differences in the ability of various species to solubilize sparingly soluble P-sources have been often evidenced; inter-cultivar variations are scarcely documented. Brassica is known as an effective, non-mycorrhizal user of sparingly soluble P-sources. Various growth parameters and biomass accumulation by genetically diverse Brassica cultivars were determined in four experiments using hydroponics and quartz sand culture media. Role of PSI root mediated pH changes, organic anions (OAs) exudation and altered root architecture in mobilization and acquisition of sparingly soluble P-forms [Jordan rock-P (RP) at 2 g l⁻¹ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (TCP) at 0.2 g l⁻¹ respectively] was investigated. Cultivars showed considerable genetic variations in biomass accumulation, various growth parameters and root–shoot ratio. Concentration and total uptake of P, specific absorption rate of P, P-transport rate and P-utilization efficiency (PUE) were also significantly (P < 0.001) different for various cultivars and their dry matter was significantly correlated with P-uptake [r = 0.94** (significant at 1% level)]. P-tolerant cultivars showed substantial decrease in solution media pH because of H⁺ efflux and exuded more carboxylates than low P-sensitive cultivars under P-starvation. P-uptake by cultivars increased linearly with decreasing pH. The amount and types of OAs exuded from the roots of P-starved plants differed from those of plants grown under P-sufficient environment. In split pot study, with TCP and RP supplied spatially separated from other nutrients, efficient cultivars were still able to mobilize RP and TCP more efficiently than inefficient cultivars. In rhizobox study, the elongation rates of primary roots decreased but the elongation rates of the branched zones of primary roots and the length of lateral roots increased under P-starvation. Tested cultivars showed genetic diversity in accessing, mobilization, acquisition and utilization of Pi from sparingly soluble P forms. An arrange marriage of plant traits can explain cultivar’s access to different forms of sparingly soluble P, and in addition to altered lateral root topology and enhanced P-uptake and PUE, enhanced H⁺ efflux and OAs exudation are key factors in Pi scavenging from extra cellular sparingly soluble P-forms.     

Effect of pollination on cell division,cell enlargement,and endogenous hormones in fruit development in a gynoecious cucumber

To study the effect of pollination on fruit development in gynoecious and parthenocarpic cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. cv. NK × AN8), the number of cells, cell size, mitotic index, histone H4 gene expression, and concentrations of endogenous cytokinins and auxin were compared in fruits that had developed from pollinated and non-pollinated flowers. Fresh weight was more in the pollinated group 4–12 days after anthesis (DAA) in both winter and spring, and 2–6 DAA in the summer. In winter, mitotic index increased from anthesis to 2 DAA and then decreased gradually in the pollinated group but immediately after anthesis in the non-pollinated group. Histone H4 gene in the pericarp zone was expressed more strongly during the period from pre-anthesis to 2 DAA in the pollinated group in summer. Concentrations of zeatin, isopentenyladenine, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were higher in the non-pollinated group 2 and 4 DAA and peaked 4 DAA in spring whereas isopentenyladenine and IAA showed no distinct peaks in the pollinated group. These results are incompatible with the idea that pollination activates cell division by stimulating the synthesis of cytokinins and auxin in cucumber fruits.     

东方粘虫中肠V-ATPase H亚基原核表达及纯化

对东方粘虫Mythimna separate(Walker)中肠V-ATPase H亚基基因(VATPH)进行克隆、原核表达及纯化。首先采用RT-PCR技术克隆基因,再构建原核表达载体(pET15b-VATPH)并转入E.coil BL21(DE3),经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside,IPTG)诱导表达,用Ni-NTA柱及S-200分子筛纯化,最后进行SDS-PAGE分析。结果表明,pET15b-VATPH可高效表达V-ATPase H亚基,纯化后可获得单一条带且分子质量约为55ku的重组蛋白。该结果为进一步研究V-ATPase H亚基的晶体结构,药物小分子与H亚基大分子的相互作用,尤其是以H亚基为筛选模型创制新农药奠定基础。     

两品种小麦叶片衰老过程中清除H2O2能力的差异

引入Ｒｈｔ３矮秆基因的宁矮１号小麦叶片,在全展初期,ＣＡＴ,ＡＰＸ和ＧＲ活力琢ＡｓＡ,ＧＳＨ含量比其亲本苏麦３号高,而在全展后期则不如苏麦３号,这与叶片的光合功能变化相对应。宁矮１号叶片中Ｈ２Ｏ２的累积早于苏麦３号,与其叶片较早地进入衰老相一致。较低浓度的外源Ｈ２Ｏ２对叶片衰老早期的ＣＡＴ,ＡＰＸ和ＧＲ活力有正调节作用、但随着衰老程度的加深,这种调节作用减弱。     

2010-2011年河南省部分地区H9亚型禽流感、新城疫

为了解河南省H9亚型禽流感、新城疫和鸡传染性支气管炎的流行情况。从河南省15个地市发病鸡场采集病鸡组织样品309份,采用鸡胚尿囊腔传代接种法分离病毒,并利用血凝试验(HA)、血凝抑制试验(HI)和RT-PCR试验对分离毒株进行鉴定。结果表明,3类病毒的总检出率为26.54%,其中NDV、IBV和AIV(H9)的检出率分别为11.00％、3.88％和11.65％。2010年10月NDV和IBV检出率均最高,分别为30.00％、15.00％,2011年1月AIV(H9)检出率最高,为43.24％。2类病毒混合感染的检出率达3.24％。表明2010年7月-2011年4月H9亚型禽流感、新城疫以及鸡传染性支气管炎在河南省部分地区普遍流行,且存在一定程度的混合感染。为有效预防和控制河南省3种主要疫病提供了科学依据。     

北方白菜型冬油菜的膜脂脂肪酸组分和ATPase活性对温度的响应

为了解北方白菜型冬油菜膜脂脂肪酸和ATPase活性与抗寒性的关系,以抗寒性强的冬油菜品种陇油7号和抗寒性弱的品种天油2号为材料,研究了不同温度处理(25°C、10°C、2°C、–5°C)后叶片和根系膜脂脂肪酸组分和ATPase酶活性的变化。结果表明,低温胁迫下2个冬油菜品种叶片和根系膜脂脂肪酸组分相同,叶片中不饱和脂肪酸以亚麻酸为主,根系不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸为主。随处理温度的降低,2个冬油菜品种叶片不饱和脂肪酸含量呈先降低(10°C,2°C)后增加(–5°C)的趋势;陇油7号根中不饱和脂肪酸含量逐步增加,天油2号则逐步降低;在低温条件下(2°C,–5°C),陇油7号膜脂U/S比值、IUFA值高于天油2号;ATPase活性表现为陇油7号逐渐高于天油2号。说明2个冬油菜品种的膜脂在低温响应上存在一定差异,低温下不饱和脂肪酸含量和ATPase活性的提高是强抗寒冬油菜品种在北方旱寒区严酷环境条件下能安全越冬的重要原因。     

有机磷/拟除虫菊酯混剂筛选棉铃虫品系的交互抗性和生化机理

 用辛硫磷/氟氯氰菊酯(25：1, 有效成分)混剂对棉铃虫田间种群(HN)进行33代筛选获得抗性品系(HN-R)。筛选获得的HN R抗性品系对辛硫磷和氟氯氰菊酯的抗性分别达17.4倍和144.7倍。HN-R品系对两种拟除虫菊酯产生了高水平交互抗性(对氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯分别为86.2和23.4倍),对久效磷产生了中等水平交互抗性(5.2倍),对甲基对硫磷(1.6倍)、丙溴磷(1.8倍)和灭多威(2.4倍)产生了低水平交互抗性。酯酶抑制剂DEF能有效抑制HN-R品系对辛硫磷的抗性(增效比为15.3倍),而多功能氧化酶抑制剂PBO则对辛硫磷没有任何增效作用;PBO则使HN-R品系对3种拟除虫菊酯的抗性显著降低(对氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的增效比分别为21.9、19.1和21.4倍)。DEF和PBO都能使HN-R对久效磷的抗性下降一半(增效比分别为2.2和2.5倍)。HN-R抗性品系多功能氧化酶活性(以pNA为底物)和酯酶活性(以a-NA为底物)分别为HN品系的6.5倍和1.6倍。因此,在HN-R抗性品系中至少存在2种代谢抗性机理,即增强的酯酶解毒代谢(对辛硫磷、久效磷)和多功能氧化酶介导的氧化解毒代谢(对3种拟除虫菊酯、久效磷)。本研究表明,在田间使用有机磷/拟除虫菊酯混剂可能同时选择出多种代谢抗性机理,从而导致广谱的交互抗性。     

H2O2对吸胀冷害下花生种子萌发的影响

为探明H₂O₂浸种对吸胀冷害下花生种子萌发和生理代谢的影响,选择豫花9326和豫花37为材料,用50mmol/L H₂O₂进行低温（5℃）浸种,以灭菌水低温浸种为对照,进行发芽试验。结果表明,与对照相比,处理后豫花9326的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数分别提高了31.25%、18.52%、50.53%,豫花37分别提高了14.58%、3.64%、36.13%,种子电导率分别显著降低了47.67%和23.67%,其中豫花9326发芽相关指标增长比例高于豫花37。与对照相比,用H₂O₂处理的豫花9326在萌发的第0、4、6天丙二醛含量分别降低了0.22%、7.05%和32.55%,可溶性糖含量分别显著提高了48.27%、53.42%和52.29%,可溶性蛋白含量分别显著增加了59.66%、13.04%和43.76%,脱落酸（ABA）含量呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,赤霉素（GA）含量和GA/ABA比值均呈显著增长的趋势。H₂O₂浸种可能是通过维持种子细胞膜的完整性、增加可溶性物质含量以及调控内源激素含量,来提高花生种子对吸胀冷害的抗性,从而提高发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数。本研究可为花生萌芽期耐寒性的调控技术提供方法和理论依据。     

ATP合成相关基因在小麦BNS不育系育性转换中的差异表达

为了探讨ATP合酶α亚基和腺嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶(APRT)与温敏雄性不育系BNS育性的联系,利用荧光实时定量PCR方法,在花药发育的4个重要时期(四分体期、单核期、二核期和三核期),定量检测ATP合酶α亚基和APRT相关基因在不育及可育条件下花药中的mRNA表达水平。不育条件下,ATP合酶α亚基基因从四分体到二核期表达量持续下降,与可育株相比在单核期表达量显著下降;APRT1在4个时期的表达量低于其在相应可育条件下的表达量,而APRT2基因在BNS不育和可育条件下维持较低的表达水平。APRT相关基因表达量在三核期均有较显著提高,且可育条件下比不育条件下提高更明显。因此认为,ATP合酶α亚基基因与BNS育性转换密切正相关,APRT基因在三核期转录水平的变化与BNS育性转换有一定关系。     

β-甘露聚糖酶对AA+鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响

为了探讨日粮中添加β-甘露聚糖酶对AA+鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响,选取1日龄健康的AA+肉鸡180羽,随机为2个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复30只。试验分为对照组(基础日粮)和试验组（基础日粮+ 400g/Tβ-甘露聚糖酶）,试验期42天。结果表明β-甘露聚糖酶能不同程度的提高AA鸡各生长阶段的日增重和饲料转化率,但差异显著（P>0.05）,明显提高42d血液中免疫球蛋白IgM、IgG、IgA的含量,差异显著。21d、42d的免疫器官指数、T淋巴细胞转化率和ND抗体水平也有不同程度的提高,与对照组相比,差异不显著（P>0.05）。说明β-甘露聚糖酶能提高肉用鹌鹑生长性能和增强免疫的功能。