4种单胞藻对卤虫生长和生殖影响的比较研究

以亚心形扁藻、小球藻、湛江等鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻为饵料,卤虫为投喂对象,建立五个实验组分别进行研究,观察不同饵料对卤虫生长和生殖的影响,结果表明:投喂亚心形扁藻的卤虫生长最快,成活率高,生殖量也最多,其次为绿色巴夫藻组,湛江等鞭金藻的饵料效果最差.混合4种单胞藻投喂的效果也较好.     

黄鳝的年龄鉴定和生长

用黄鳝的耳石,脊椎骨和舌骨三种材料相对照,对其年龄进行了鉴定。认为舌骨是黄鳝年龄鉴定比较理想的材料,并首次提出尾舌骨也可以作为年龄鉴定的材料。分析了体长,体重的分布,分别用幂函数关系和直线回归方程计算体长与体重的关系式,并进行比较。     

底质类型与正反扦插对轮叶黑藻生长生理的影响

底质是沉水植物扎根生长并稳定繁衍的基本条件,不同类型底质物化特性存在差异。为了探究沉水植物大规模引植过程中产生形态学顶端颠倒现象对其恢复生长的影响,通过室内水族缸模拟实验和杭州西湖茅家埠湖区原位盆栽实验,研究不同类型底质(湖泥、湖泥+沙子、沙子、黄土)和正反向扦插对轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)生长形态及生理指标的影响。结果显示,不同底质类型对黑藻生物量积累、分蘖数等形态指标影响显著(P<0.05),湖泥中黑藻生长最佳,其增加生物量(6.27 g)、分蘖数(19.8枝)在4种底质中最大;其次为黄土(5.14 g和18.8枝),其能促进植株和根系伸长;叶绿素、蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛测定结果进一步印证以上结果。各种底质中,反向扦插处理的黑藻分蘖数和根数较正向扦插均有显著减少,尤其是黄土底质中,反向比正向扦插分别减少10.2枝和22.8根,生物量降低2.961 g,但不影响最终形态学上端的形成。西湖茅家埠原位实验表明,在含水率和营养较低的底质中,盆栽黑藻长势相对优于含水率和营养较高底质中的黑藻,且同一底质盆栽于原位时比异位时更有利于生物量积累。建议恢复沉水植被时可以适当改良底质,尤其是物理特性,种植时需区分植物形态学的上下端。研究结果可为不同类型底质的浅水湖泊沉水植物群落恢复提供参考。     

岗更湖鲫的生长和生活史对策研究

2008年5～9月于岗更湖取得803尾鲫标本,研究了其生长及生活史类型.用鳞片鉴定年龄,鳞径(R)和体长(L)的关系为L=3.667R-1.737;用特殊von Bertalanffy生长方程、一般von Bertalanffy生长方程、Gompertz生长方程和灰色动态生长模型共4种生长模型拟合了岗更湖鲫的生长,根据各模型拟合残差平方和的大小判断,特殊von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合效果最好;根据r-选择和k-选择的典型特征及7个生态学参数值,判断出岗更湖鲫偏向r-选择,应用平衡产量模式计算改变瞬时捕捞死亡率(F)和渔业补充年龄(tc)对应的产量变化,同样证实岗更湖鲫偏向r-选择.作为渔业管理对策,岗更湖鲫的捕捞年龄应在3龄以上,捕捞强度不应超过2.0.     

Intensification of redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus culture: II. Growout in a separate cell system

In the process of exploring ways to intensify crayfish culture, a growout system of individual cages (cells) was designed to determine the effects of gender and cell size on the growth of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Cells of three different diameters—large (25 cm), medium (20 cm) and small (16 cm)—were used. When crayfish were stocked at a mean weight of approximately 10 g, growth rate of males was significantly higher than that of females. The growth rate of the males in the large cells was 0.31±0.14 g/day, while that of the females was 0.18±0.09 g/day. The size of the cell had significant influence on the weight of males. Male crayfish in the large and medium cells grew better than those in the small cells. When males were stocked at a higher mean weight (about 23 g), their mean weight after 206 days was higher in the large cells (69.28±15.72 g) than in the small cells (58.11±12.66 g), suggesting that the growth of large males was also affected by cell size. Regardless of cell size, male animals of this species grew faster than females under conditions of individual cells. This intensive culture method appears to present a powerful improvement in yields, by as much as two orders of magnitude, in comparison with communal cultures.     

Physiological metabolism of Haliotis discus hannai Ino under different light qualities and cycles

The goal of this experiment was to examine the effects of different light qualities (red, white, blue) and cycles (12L:12D, 8L:16D, 4L:20D, 0L:24D, 16L:8D) on the survival, growth, metabolism and antioxidant defence system of Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Under red and white light at 4L:20D, the body weight‐specific growth rate of abalones was significantly higher than that of the 0L:24D group (P < 0.05). At 16L:8D, succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased and lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity and the lactic acid content significantly rose (P < 0.05) in the red and white light groups. Under blue light, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content for each light cycle were significantly higher than those of the red and white groups (P < 0.05). Under blue, white and red light, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GP_X) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content gradually rose with increased duration of light exposure. Under red light, significant differences in these parameters were detected between the 4L:20D and 16L:8D groups (P < 0.05). Under blue and white light at 16L:8D, values of T‐AOC, SOD, GP_X activity and GSH content were significantly lower than those of the 12L:12D group (P < 0.05). Overall, these results indicate that red light at light cycles of 4L:20D and 8L:16D is optimal for the culture and production of H. discus hannai, as these conditions promoted food intake, growth and health maintenance as well as normal physiological metabolism of the organism.     

Effects of docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and arachidonic acids on the early growth, survival, lipid composition and pigmentation of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea): a live food enrichment experiment

The role of dietary ratios of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n−3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n−3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n−6) on early growth, survival, lipid composition, and pigmentation of yellowtail flounder was studied. Rotifers were enriched with lipid emulsions containing high DHA (43.3% of total fatty acids), DHA+EPA (37.4% and 14.2%, respectively), DHA+AA (36.0% and 8.9%), or a control emulsion containing only olive oil (no DHA, EPA, or AA). Larvae were fed differently enriched rotifers for 4 weeks post-hatch. At week 4, yellowtail larvae fed the high DHA diet were significantly larger (9.7±0.2 mm, P<0.05) and had higher survival (22.1±0.4%), while larvae fed the control diet were significantly smaller (7.3±0.2 mm, P<0.05) and showed lower survival (5.2±1.9%). Larval lipid class and fatty acid profiles differed significantly among treatments with larvae fed high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diets having higher relative amounts of triacylglycerols (18–21% of total lipid) than larvae in the control diet (11%). Larval fatty acids reflected dietary levels of DHA, EPA and AA while larvae fed the control diet had reduced amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and increased levels of PUFA relative to dietary levels. A strong relationship was observed between the DHA/EPA ratio in the diet and larval size (r²=0.75, P=0.005) and survival (r²=0.86, P=0.001). Following metamorphosis, the incidence of malpigmentation was higher in the DHA+AA diet (92%) than in all other treatments (50%). Results suggest that yellowtail larvae require a high level of dietary DHA for maximal growth and survival while diets containing elevated AA exert negative effects on larval pigmentation.     

鸭绿江上游花羔红点鲑的年龄_生长_食性和繁殖的研究

花羔红点鲑的鳞片年累特征为疏密一切割混合型。体长和体重关系密切,属均匀性生长类型。主要以水生昆虫为食,对食物有明显的选择性;主要摄食季节为夏秋两季,但可终年摄食。雌雄鱼几乎２＋龄达到性成熟,产卵期为１０￣１１月,绝对繁殖力为２８０￣５００粒,每年产一次卵,属秋季产卵类型。产卵场底质为石砾,水深５０￣７０ｃｍ,水流速度１．５￣２．０ｍ／ｓ,水温一般为５￣８℃。     

福建沿海试养中间球海胆的初步研究

为探索中间球海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)在福建沿海季节性养殖的可行性,于2018年11月开展了新品种中间球海胆"大金"南移福州海域养殖试验。试养海胆分为大(壳径3 cm)和小(壳径1 cm)两种规格。采用当地现有的鲍养殖海域和设施,定期投喂海带(Laminaria japonica)和龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)。经过6个月的养殖,福州养殖的大规格海胆壳径达(55.90±2.63)mm,体质量(56.30±6.92)g,性腺指数15.02%±1.5%,海胆生殖腺发育处于成熟前期(Ⅲ期),性腺质量良好,且显著高于大连同期养殖的大规格海胆壳径(46.56±3.88)mm和体质量(39.07±5.05)g(P<0.05)。同时,福州养殖的小规格海胆壳径达(40.97±0.87)mm,体质量(23.18±0.37)g,性腺指数9.64%±1.00%。试养结果表明,冬春季中间球海胆可在福建沿海开展季节性养殖,采用现有海上设施和养殖笼,投喂鲜活大型藻类,海胆的生长速度显著优于同期大连养殖。中间球海胆福建沿海南移养殖是满足其日益增长的市场需求的重要途径。     

Abnormalities in the juvenile stage of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) reared at different temperatures: types, prevalence and effect on growth

Osteological malformations are always considered an important problem in intensive aquaculture. This work studies the effect of rearing temperature on malformations in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. To this end, two batches of the species were subjected to the following incubation/cultivation temperatures: 15 °C/natural and 19/19 °C, from fertilization until 190 days after hatching. The different malformations were studied in 1643 juveniles at 190 days and classified by categories. The Chi-square statistic was calculated to verify the relationship between the presence of anomalies and the application of different temperatures. The percentage of anomalies observed in individuals reared at a high temperature (19/19 °C) was 66.44%. In both temperature systems, opercular malformations were those which caused a greater delay in growth. The results found indicated that temperature played a very important role in the development of deformations, which may be of interest from the viewpoint of aquaculture.