Monitoring desertification processes in Mongolian Plateau using MODIS tasseled cap transformation and TGSI time series

Most remote sensing studies assess the desertification using vegetation monitoring method. But it has the insufficient precision of vegetation monitoring for the limited vegetation cover of the desertification region. Therefore, it offers an alternative approach for the desertification research to assess sand dune and sandy land change using remote sensing in the desertification region. In this study, the indices derived from the well-known tasseled cap transformation(TCT), tasseled cap angle(TCA),disturbance index(DI), process indicator(PI), and topsoil grain size index(TGSI) were integrated to monitor and assess the desertification at the thirteen study sites including sand dunes and sandy lands distributed in the Mongolian Plateau(MP) from 2000 to 2015. A decision tree was used to classify the desertification on a regional scale. The average overall accuracy of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 desertification classification was higher than 90%. Results from this study indicated that integration of the advantages of TCA, DI and TGSI could better assess the desertification. During the last 16 years, Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, and Ulan Buh Desert showed a relative stabilization. Otindag Sandy Land and the deserts of Khar Nuur, Ereen Nuur, Tsagan Nuur, Khongoryn Els, Hobq, and Mu Us showed a slow increasing of desertification, whereas Bayan Gobi, Horqin and Hulun Buir sandy lands showed a slow decreasing of desertification. Compared with the other 11 sites, the fine sand dunes occupied the majority of the Tengger Desert, and the coarse sandy land occupied the majority of the Horqin Sandy Land. Our findings on a three or four years' periodical fluctuated changes in the desertification may possibly reflect changing precipitation and soil moisture in the MP. Further work to link the TCA, DI,TGSI, and PI values with the desertification characteristics is recommended to set the thresholds and improve the assessment accuracy with field investigation.     

Maize/peanut intercropping increases photosynthetic characteristics, ~(13)C-photosynthate distribution,and grain yield of summer maize

Intercropping is used widely by smallholder farmers in developing countries to increase land productivity and profitability. We conducted a maize/peanut intercropping experiment in the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in Shandong, China. Treatments included sole maize(SM), sole peanut(SP), and an intercrop consisting of four rows of maize and six rows of peanut(IM and IP). The results showed that the intercropping system had yield advantages based on the land equivalent ratio(LER) values of 1.15 and 1.16 in the two years, respectively. Averaged over the two years, the yield of maize in the intercropping was increased by 61.05% compared to that in SM, while the pod yield of peanut was decreased by 31.80% compared to SP. Maize was the superior competitor when intercropped with peanut, and its productivity dominated the yield of the intercropping system in our study. The increased yield was due to a higher kernel number per ear(KNE). Intercropping increased the light transmission ratio(LTR) of the ear layer in the maize canopy, the active photosynthetic duration(APD), and the harvest index(HI) compared to SM. In addition, intercropping promoted the ratio of dry matter accumulation after silking and the distribution of ~(13) C-photosynthates to grain compared to SM. In conclusion, maize/peanut intercropping demonstrated the potential to improve the light condition of maize, achieving enhanced photosynthetic characteristics that improved female spike differentiation, reduced barrenness, and increased KNE. Moreover, dry matter accumulation and ~(13) C-photosynthates distribution to grain of intercropped maize were improved, and a higher grain yield was ultimately obtained.     

宁夏中部生态移民区土地利用时空变化分析

通过解译宁夏中部红寺堡区1989年、1999年、2006年、2012年TM遥感影像,获取该区域生态移民前后4期土地利用数据,对1989~2012年以来土地利用变化情况进行了分析。结果表明,各个时间段的土地利用变化差异性显著。1989~1999年,由于大规模的土地开荒和红寺堡灌区的建设,耕地面积持续增加,同时该区域开始有了水浇地,而林草面积相应减少;1999~2006年,由于退耕还林还草政策的实施,耕地中的旱地被逐渐退耕为草地或发展为水浇地,林草面积开始由减少转为增加,区域土地利用开始合理化;2006~2012年,随着生态移民工程和生态建设工程的成熟发展,林草覆盖面积进一步增加,水浇地面积继续稳步增加,而未利用地和旱地面积持续下降。研究结果为区域土地资源的合理利用及生态移民工程的进一步顺利开展提供可靠依据。     

北京市公园绿地投资标准测算

公园绿地作为"唯一有生命力"的城市基础设施,一直以来其建设和投资标准不像道路、管线等基础睡设施那般明确,而随着近年来城市发展对生态环境的日益重视,各类公园绿地项目逐渐增多。为了加强公园绿地项目在前期设计和审批阶段的科学性、合理性,文章结合北京市当前园林绿化的实际情况,按照"一亩地公园"模型的思路,根据不同的投资工程,建立了投资标准测算模型,测算了投资指标,尝试为公园绿地的投资标准确定提供一种新的思路。     

北京小西山山前洪积扇不同土地利用方式下的土壤微形态特征

通过对北京小西山山前代表性洪积扇的观察研究,探索不同土地利用方式对土壤微形态特征的影响。通过对土壤薄片的观察,分析土壤微形态特征;用ENVI及MATLAB软件处理图片,并对孔隙度进行定量分析。结果表明:1)林地(WL1)剖面表层土壤微结构为海绵状结构,而园地(WL2)和菜地(WL3)的表层土壤多呈整块状结构或孔道结构;2)各采样点土壤矿物成分相近,但骨骼颗粒形态特征有较大差异。3)WL1剖面土壤孔隙度较高,以面状孔隙为主,WL2和WL3剖面土壤孔隙度过低,以中小孔隙居多。研究认为:1)林地的土壤微结构较园地和菜地的好,由于人类的不合理利用和管理,园地和菜地使土壤微结构变差,土壤孔隙度下降。2)各采样点土壤成土母质相似,土壤骨骼颗粒形态差异受到不同土地利用方式下人类干扰程度差异的影响。     

西部卫星型小城镇工业用地基准地价测算方法研究——以兰州市皋兰县为例

小城镇工业用地基准地价评估是基准地价工作的难点,尤以西部地区更为典型.通过分析西部卫星型小城镇工业测算中遇到的问题,在利用住宅地价模型测算工业地价的思路指导下,借助级差系数法和比例系数法进行该地区工业地价模型比对.结果表明:当前基准地价测算方法并不完全适应于西部卫星型小城镇的实际情况,在此基础上提出模型调整法,并通过皋...     

不同绿茶品种区域试验研究

本文对16个无性系绿茶品种的成活率、新梢物候期、发芽密度、鲜叶产量、制茶品质、抗性等性状进行分析,为国家级良种鉴定提供科学依据.结果表明,苏茶早、元宵绿、中茶108、武义早等4个品种为特早生种；中茶108、81-8-30、中茶302等3个品种的产量极显著高于CK种,武义早的产量显著高于CK种；桂香18、六杯香、鸠20、中茶302、春波绿、81-8-30、南江1号等7个品种的品质优于CK；中茶108、81-8-30等2个品种的耐寒性表现为强,浙农139、中茶302、桂香18等3个品种的耐旱性表现为强.     

高等农业院校无机化学教学中绿色创新思维的培养探讨

注重培养学生的绿色创新思维是当今国际人才教育发展的大趋势。该文针对目前农业院校无机化学教育体系中存在的一些问题，并结合高等农业院校所具有的独特优势，提出了在无机化学教学中注入绿色创新思维培养，并对培养的具体方法和途径进行了探讨，进而激发大学生们对无机化学学习的热情和兴趣。     

中国土地变化及其影响的空间建模分析

文章分析了国内的土地利用变化及影响空间模型的建立原理，探讨了其建模的基本组成及信息数据处理的基本措施，得出具体的建模结论，同时对模型的应用进行探讨。     

近15年我国土地利用分区研究进展

通过查阅21世纪以来的大量文献和对比分析,总结了国内土地利用分区的研究动态。结果表明院国内土地利用分区类型呈多元化,以省、市、县级为尺度和采用聚类分析法、GIS技术的研究较多,基于个案研究提出了新的理论、方法模型等,有效地对土地利用分区进行了探索,但也存在问题和不足;并指出其发展趋势是分区理论深入化、分区制度完善化、分区方法集成化及信息化。