Citizens’ perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space: Results from selected Southeast European cities

In this paper the results of the first comprehensive study on perception of and satisfaction with urban forests and green space in seven Southeast European cities are presented. The aims of the paper are to analyse 1) citizen perceptions of the current state of urban forests and green space in their cities, 2) to what extent current urban forests and green space meet their needs and how this can be improved. A cross-sectional study was conducted by using a common face-to-face survey questionnaire. Respondents were selected based on census data though a stratified sampling procedure by taking into account age, gender and city district (n = 384 in each city). The results showed that citizens genuinely care for urban forests and green space in their cities, but are not satisfied with their current state. The respondents found issues related to misbehaviour of other users, the presence and quality of facilities, as well as the presence and quality of management or maintenance the most pressing. There were more statistically significant differences than similarities between cities. Socioeconomic variables explained perceptions only to some extent. Citizens were very supportive of educational campaigns about the importance of urban forests and green space as well as of better enforcement of the existing regulations though having more community wardens that were expected to tackle current unsatisfactory situations. Urban planning and urban forest and green space management in these cities are facing many problems characteristic for post-socialist countries. Study findings are expected to contribute to decision making in urban planning and natural resource management.     

Why viewing nature is more fascinating and restorative than viewing buildings: A closer look at perceived complexity

The present paper addresses the question which visual features trigger people’s often more positive affective responses to natural compared to built scenes. Building on notions about visual complexity and fractal geometry, we propose that perceived complexity of magnified scene parts can predict the greater fascinating and restorative qualities of natural versus built scenes. This prediction was tested in an experiment in which 40 participants viewed and rated 40 images of unspectacular natural and built scenes in their original size, and at 400% and 1600% magnification levels. Results showed that the original, unmagnified natural scenes were viewed longer and rated more restorative than built scenes, and that these differences were statistically mediated by the greater perceived complexity of magnified parts of natural scenes. These findings fit with the idea that fractal-like, recursive complexity is an important visual cue underlying the restorative potential of natural and built environments.     

沼液在绿色蔬菜中的应用现状

概述了沼液在蔬菜上的应用方式,进一步讨论了沼液在绿色蔬菜生产应用中存在的问题并提出建议,力求使沼液这一有机能源在绿色蔬菜生产中发挥最大作用。     

Public perceptions and attitudes toward green infrastructure on buildings: The case of the metropolitan area of Athens,Greece

As the impact of green space shrinkage in urban centers becomes obvious, local and regional authorities must adopt environmental planning policies that can help create new green areas to ensure a good quality of life for citizens, along with the rehabilitation of the natural environment. One approach is the promotion of green infrastructure on buildings, including multi-dwelling apartment buildings. In order to effectively promote green infrastructure on buildings, it is essential to comprehend public attitudes toward green infrastructure, so that suitable and effective strategies can be implemented by policy makers. In this study, eight hundred respondents were asked to provide their views on green infrastructure on buildings, on construction that should take place on blocks of apartments in order to accommodate green infrastructure and on the related benefits that may arise from creating green spaces on buildings. A structured questionnaire and stratified sampling were used for the interviews, which were conducted with apartment owners in two regional units of Athens. The results showed that most citizens are willing to proceed with the installation of a green roof, trellis or vertical garden, in order to improve the aesthetics and functionality of the building they live in. Most of the respondents are not familiar with the energy savings that may occur from the installation of a green roof, vertical trellis or garden and wish for a subsidy from the state in order to implement green building solutions. To conclude, the participants in our study are not environmentally aware, since they are not interested in energy conservation but only about the aesthetics of their building; furthermore, they expect to receive financial support from the state in order to make any changes to their home.     

农业绿色高效节水领域研究现状与思考

节水农业是水资源高效利用和农业可持续发展的重大问题，对于节约水资源具有极其重要的意义。为了解当前绿色农业高效节水领域的最新研究热点和发展趋势，本文梳理总结了我国现代化节水农业领域的基础背景、研究现状以及发展态势。结果表明，“灌溉设备与技术开发”、“农业用水精量调配与控制”、“作物高效用水机理”及“农业用水对环境变化的响应”等是近年来的研究热点，并建议开展水肥一体化智能技术与管理及其对作物、土壤、环境、社会等综合效应等的相关研究，以期为我国农业绿色高质量发展提供帮助。     

不同间作绿肥替代化肥模式对木薯性状和产量的影响

通过探讨秸秆还田与化肥减施下间作绿肥对木薯产量性状的影响,着力解决连作木薯土壤肥力提高与改良相关技术的协调增效。于2019-2020年,以木薯品种“南美1号”为供试材料,设置8个处理,调查每个小区的木薯茎径、叶绿素（SPAD）、块根直径、块根长、单株茎秆鲜重、单株块根鲜重、株高、单片叶重、单株块根数以及小区产量等农艺性状。结果表明,处理5（木薯秆还田+化肥减量12.5%+12.5%营养元素当量黑豆绿肥还田）的木薯产量最高,并得到拟合方程。绿肥秸秆还田以及间作绿肥从整体上改良了土壤肥力,并通过显著影响木薯块根、单片叶重以及单株块根数而影响最终产量。     

Whistle signal variations among three Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin populations in the South China Sea: a combined effect of the Qiongzhou Strait's geographical barrier function and local ambient noise?

Geographic variations in the dolphin whistles could be useful in assessing association and isolation among populations. Whistle of free-ranging Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) among the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), Leizhou Bei (LZB) and Sanniang Bay (SNB) populations were investigated. A total of 2850 whistles with legible fundamental contour were extracted and 15 acoustic parameters were measured. Contrary to SNB, PRE and LZB had the same relative proportion of tonal type compositions with flat and sine representing the most frequent types. The generalized linear model analysis showed significant acoustic difference among populations and tonal types. All frequency parameters in SNB were significantly higher than those in PRE and LZB, where no significant variation was observed in most of the parameters either at the population level or within each tonal type. Canonical discriminant functions analysis showed a smaller difference between PRE and LZB than between PRE and SNB and between LZB and SNB. Compared with previous recordings, recent recordings demonstrated a consistent pattern of becoming higher in whistle frequency parameters in both LZB and SNB populations, suggesting that noise pollution in LZB and SNB increasing with time according to the acoustic niche hypothesis. Dolphin whistle's geographic variations could be shaped by the combined function of the geographical barrier function of the Qiongzhou strait and local ambient noise. Considering the isolated condition and the relatively smaller population size of the humpback dolphin in the SNB, more effective and proactive conservation actions should be taken to prevent the extinction of small populations.     

The role of green roofs in mitigating Urban Heat Island effects in the metropolitan area of Adelaide,South Australia

Changing an urban environment and replacing vegetated surfaces with low albedo materials is one of the reasons for increasing temperatures in an urban environment and consequently also one of the key causes of urban heat island effects. In this study, an experimental investigation at the micro-scale and also a numerical simulation at the macro-scale of a typical urban environment in Adelaide were conducted to estimate the potential for mitigating the UHI effect. The results showed that existing low albedo materials such as asphalt, metal roofs and brick pavements contribute to the heat island potential. Also, urban development and a lack of natural vegetation contribute to increased temperatures in cities. The ability of two types of extensive and intensive green roofs to reduce the surrounding micro-climate temperature were monitored. The results showed that they have significant cooling effects in summer time and could behave as an insulation layer to keep buildings warmer in the winter. Furthermore, different scenarios of adding green roofs to the Adelaide urban environment were investigated using the Envi–MET model. The scenario modelling of adding green roofs in a typical urban area in Adelaide, Australia, supported the hypothesis that this can lead to reductions in energy consumption in the Adelaide urban environment. Also an increased use of other water sensitive urban design technologies such as green walls and street trees together with the adoption of high albedo materials is recommended for achieving the optimum efficiency in terms of reducing urban temperatures and mitigating urban heat island effects.     

不同绿茶品种区域试验研究

本文对16个无性系绿茶品种的成活率、新梢物候期、发芽密度、鲜叶产量、制茶品质、抗性等性状进行分析,为国家级良种鉴定提供科学依据.结果表明,苏茶早、元宵绿、中茶108、武义早等4个品种为特早生种；中茶108、81-8-30、中茶302等3个品种的产量极显著高于CK种,武义早的产量显著高于CK种；桂香18、六杯香、鸠20、中茶302、春波绿、81-8-30、南江1号等7个品种的品质优于CK；中茶108、81-8-30等2个品种的耐寒性表现为强,浙农139、中茶302、桂香18等3个品种的耐旱性表现为强.     

高等农业院校无机化学教学中绿色创新思维的培养探讨

注重培养学生的绿色创新思维是当今国际人才教育发展的大趋势。该文针对目前农业院校无机化学教育体系中存在的一些问题，并结合高等农业院校所具有的独特优势，提出了在无机化学教学中注入绿色创新思维培养，并对培养的具体方法和途径进行了探讨，进而激发大学生们对无机化学学习的热情和兴趣。