一种淡水鱼头尾与腹背定向装置的研究

本文设计了一种淡水鱼头尾与腹背定向装置,并以鲢鱼为定向对象,根据鲢鱼的摩擦特性,通过理论分析,分别对利用倾斜振动台面实现头尾定向和利用渐变滑道实现腹背定向过程的机理进行了探讨,并采用体重为0.75-1.0kg的新鲜鲢鱼进行了试验研究。理论分析和试验结果均表明,这种定向装置可以实现鲢鱼的头尾和腹背定向。并对影响鱼体鱼体头尾定向因素：进入振动台面的体位、电动机频率、激振力和筛面角,以及影响鱼体腹背定向因素：滑道夹角、电机频率、激振力和滑道倾斜角分别进行了试验研究,得出各因素对定位时间均具有显著的影响,试验中,头尾定向的总定位率达到了97.53%,定向动作可在0.65-3.75s内完成;腹背定位的总定位率达97.2%,定向动作可在0.39-5.03s内完成。     

Grass mixtures for afforested opencast spoils in South Wales

An experiment that investigated the establishment of seven grass and legume seed mixes on opencast coal mining spoil in South Wales is described. After three years, mixtures containing Poa pratensis and Festuca rubra var. rubra were the most successful in covering the spoil; the ‘Johnson JR33’ seed mix proved the best of those commercially available that was tested. Tree growth was not detrimentally affected by the establishment of a grass ground cover. Erosion was not an important process at the experimental site, though slumping occurred locally from plough ridge to plough furrow.     

Effects of liming on yield,forage cation composition,and tetany potential of wheat in Kansas

Abstract

We studied the effects of liming on dry matter production, nutrient composition, and grain yields of wheat in field experiments conducted on two soil types at three locations during the 1976–77 and 1977–78 growing seasons. Lime sources were commercial agricultural lime, finely divided stack dust, and dolomitic limestone (which contained 10.6% Mg). Lime applied at 2,800 kg/ha in the 1976–77 and 10,750 kg/ha in the 1977–78 experiments provided Mg from the dolomite at rates of 300 and 1,140 kg/ha, respectively.

Soil pH was significantly increased by liming, but Mg saturation percentages were significantly greater only at the 1,140 kg/ha rate. Forage dry matter and grain yields were not increased by lime applied at the lower rate, but significant increases were found in dry‐matter production in the late fall and spring samplings of the 1977–78 experiment. Those increases in plant growth and dry matter production were probably due to reductions in the soluble Mn and Al concentrations in the soil. Forage N and P concentrations were generally not influenced by liming. Potassium concentrations in forage from the limed plots were usually equal to or greater than those in forage from unlimed plots. Calcitic limestone sources generally increased forage Ca concentrations, but liming with dolomite more often than not depressed Ca concentrations below levels found in the check plots. Dolomite, when applied at the 1,140 kg/ha rate, effectively increased the forage Mg concentration, although the concentration exceeded 0.2% only during the early growth stages. Liming generally showed no significant reduction in the tetany potential of the wheat forage as predicted by the equivalent ratio K/(Ca + Mg).     

禾草Epichloe内生真菌功能的研究进展及在植物育种中的潜力

内生真菌(Epichloe)常与早熟禾亚科(Pooideae)冷季型禾草形成一类较为特殊的禾草-内生真菌互惠共生体。近年来,国内外学者对Epichloe内生真菌提高宿主的抗逆机理及其对生态系统功能的影响做了一系列研究。大量研究证实内生真菌可以促进禾草宿主的生长并提高其抗逆性。本研究回顾了Epichloe内生真菌提高宿主对非生物胁迫和生物胁迫抗性的生物学功能、Epichloe内生真菌影响植物群落、土壤养分和土壤微生物多样性的生态学功能及利用内生真菌进行禾草育种的潜力,最后对Epichloe内生真菌的功能进行了展望,以期为研究和利用内生真菌改善禾草的生长及种质创新提供理论依据。     

60Co-γ射线辐照剂量对生鲜草鱼肌肉品质的影响

以生鲜草鱼肌肉为材料,采用不同剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照处理草鱼肌肉,并测定辐照前后草鱼肌肉的品质,以研究60Co-γ射线辐照剂量对肌肉品质的影响。结果表明,随着辐照剂量的增加,草鱼肌肉中的细菌总数呈指数下降,肌肉中的含水量明显减少（p＜0.05）,而辐照剂量对鱼肉中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、碳水化合物和灰分含量无影响,辐照前后草鱼肌肉的饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸总量无显著性差异。草鱼肌肉在0和2 kGy辐照其挥发性盐基态氮（TVB-N）值保持在一级鲜度,4～10 kGy剂量辐照保持在二级鲜度;辐照剂量的增加,使TBA值增大,草鱼肌肉产生刺激性气味加重,肌肉颜色逐渐由红色变为暗红色,肌肉组织表面逐渐变得不光滑。在低于8 kGy剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照对草鱼肌肉的品质影响不大。      

白鲢鱼糜低钠复合盐配方响应面法优化

为降低白鲢鱼糜制品中的钠盐含量,在斩拌过程中添加氯化钠、氯化钾和氯化钙3种盐类,以凝胶强度、持水性和白度为评价指标,研究三者对鱼糜凝胶特性的影响.在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Benhnken试验设计和响应面分析法得到低钠盐优化配方.结果表明,白鲢鱼糜低钠盐的最优配方为:氯化钠质量分数1.0％、氯化钾质量分数1.0％、氯化钙质量分数0.5％,其中钠盐添加量的质量分数降低至1.0％,且复合盐总添加量的质量分数仅为2.5％.此条件下,白鲢鱼糜凝胶强度达到196.50 g·cm,持水性为76.37％,白度为75.44.     

河南省黄河滩区绿色草业工程建设的现状与展望

笔者根据河南省黄河滩区自然条件的特点和畜牧业发展中存在的问题,依据生态学原理探讨了在滩区建设绿色草业工程的必要性和可行性。文章的重点在于提出建立以发展“三元”农业生产结构、发展绿色草业工程、发展绿色畜禽产品小区以及加强生物多样性保护为核心的绿色综合建设措施,其目的是为了改善黄河滩地的生态环境,保护滩地的生物多样性,促进滩区湿地以及周边地区农田和草地的科学化利用,促进滩区农牧业经济的良性循环和可持续发展。     

乳酸菌发酵对鳙鱼肉糜抗氧化活性的影响

研究了以乳酸菌发酵鳙鱼肉糜并对其抗氧化活性。结果表明,乳酸菌发酵可显著增强鳙鱼肉糜DPPH·、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和还原能力,但对其Fe2+螯合能力影响不显著。乳酸菌发酵是改善鳙鱼肉糜抗氧化活性的一种有效方式。     

我国席草生产机械化现状与发展

通过研究分析我国席草生产机械化的发展现状,对目前存在的问题和发展模式的选择做了分析和探索,并对席草生产机械的研发和推广做了展望,试图为席草生产机械化的发展提供研究基础.     

转基因镜鲤精子保存及人工授精孵化试验研究

为提高鱼类的精子保存及授精孵化水平,对转基因镜鲤的精子在0.5%水解乳蛋白Hanks液中进行了常温(23℃)和冷藏(4℃)保存试验,并观察其活力及保持时间。结果表明,冷藏保存的精子不论其活力、活力持续时间及保存时间均好于常温保存的效果。对保存2d的精子进行了授精及孵化试验。结果表明,经保存的精子(2d)完全可以授精和孵化出苗。