一例体细胞克隆水牛脂肪及皮肤的组织结构观察

应用光镜及HE染色等技术对体细胞克隆水牛的脂肪和皮肤组织及其细胞类型和形态进行了详细的观察,旨在为以后体细胞克隆牛的研究提供一定的理论依据,结果表明,脂肪组织外周有疏松结缔组织包裹,脂肪小叶不明显;皮肤由表皮和真皮构成,借助皮下组织与深部的肌肉相连,局部表皮有脱落,皮肤土有毛囊分布.     

中华鳖皮肤腐烂病的诊断与治疗

中华鳖皮肤腐烂病可造成鳖的大批死亡,我们采用中西药结合治疗的方法,取得了良好的治疗效果。     

葡萄疏果多酚类含量及体外抗氧化活性研究

葡萄含有一系列对人体健康有利的成分,葡葡多酚是其中重要的活性物质。针对疏果天然活性成分的开发利用,可以实现废弃物的再利用,本文以13个葡萄品种疏下来的果实为研究对象,分析了疏果中多酚和黄酮含量。通过测定其DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力、还原力来评价葡萄疏果中多酚类物质的功能活性,分析了功能性组分与活性间的关系。结果显示,摩尔多瓦、A17、金手指的多酚和黄酮含量明显高于其他品种,并且其抗氧化活性也优于其他品种。     

膳食纤维杂粮面包的研制

本试验以绿豆皮粉、黄豆皮粉、红薯皮粉、高筋面粉为主要原料,采用二次发酵法研制膳食纤维杂粮面包,通过口感和外观考察了配方和烘培时间对其风味品质的影响。结果表明,对杂粮面包品质的影响因素依次为改良剂添加量>杂粮皮粉用量>烘焙时间>酵母添加量。通过单因素和正交试验得到杂粮面包的最佳配方为高筋粉50%、杂粮皮粉2.3%(绿豆皮粉:黄豆皮粉:红薯皮粉=3:2:5)、白糖13.1%、酵母0.4%、改良剂0.2%、奶粉0.3%、水21%、鸡蛋6.6%、盐0.5%和黄油5.2%,烘培20min得到的杂粮面包的风味品质最佳,形态丰满完整,色泽均匀,组织有弹性,具有发酵烘烤后特有的面包香味,松软可口。     

葡萄抗寒性与韧皮部糖分及内源激素积累的相关性

在大田环境下,以5个抗寒性不同的葡萄品种为试材,利用抗寒性评价模型对5个品种进行抗寒性排序,利用高效液相色谱法测定不同时期枝条韧皮部可溶性糖及内源激素的含量.研究抗寒性与不同时期枝条韧皮部可溶性糖及内源激素含量的相关性.结果 表明,5个葡萄品种抗寒性依次为'左山1号'＞'101-14'＞'3309C'＞'SO4'＞'黑...     

葡萄苗铝-旱交叉适应对水杨酸的生理响应

以‘玫瑰蜜’葡萄苗为试材,预先用氯化铝和水杨酸处理5周后,再用200g/L聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱处理10d,探讨铝诱导葡萄苗对干旱胁迫的交叉适应及铝-旱交叉适应对水杨酸的生理响应。结果表明,预先铝处理可使葡萄幼苗在干旱胁迫下叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、类胡萝卜素的质量分数和相对含水量的降低幅度明显减小,使MDA质量摩尔浓度、相对电导率、氧自由基产生速率和过氧化氢质量摩尔浓度的增加幅度明显减小,使SOD和POD活性、可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸质量分数增加幅度明显增大。添加外源水杨酸后,使这种增减幅度进一步加大。其中,以添加50μmol/L水杨酸后效果最明显,使叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素的质量摩尔浓度及相对含水量的降低幅度进一步变小,使MDA质量摩尔浓度、相对电导率、氧自由基产生速率和过氧化氢质量摩尔浓度的增加幅度进一步变小,使SOD和POD活性、可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸的质量分数增加幅度进一步变大。可见,预先铝处理可诱导葡萄苗对干旱胁迫的交叉适应性,水杨酸对其有明显的促进作用。     

半滑舌鳎溃疡病原杀鲑气单胞菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)是广受我国消费者认可的名优鱼类,具有很高的营养价值和经济价值,然而,随着工厂化养殖模式的不断发展,疾病成为制约半滑舌鳎养殖业健康发展的关键因素,其中,体表溃疡病为其常见病症。从严重溃疡病半滑舌鳎体内分离到1株优势菌株HX0416,该菌可在TCBS培养基上生长,并可在绵羊血平板上形成清晰的β-溶血环;经过16S rRNA和rpo D基因序列同源性分析并结合生化特性鉴定为杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida)。健康半滑舌鳎幼鱼感染试验表明,该菌对半滑舌鳎具有较强致病性,感染72 h(1.04×106cfu·m L-1)对攻毒鱼的致死率达91.7%。药敏试验结果显示,该菌对环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星等喹诺酮类和头孢曲松、头孢吡肟等头孢菌素类药物比较敏感,而对硫酸新霉素、土霉素等氨基糖苷类和四环素类药物多重耐药,尤其是对磺胺甲噁唑、氨苄西林等磺胺类和β-内酰胺类药物严重耐药。     

The pigmenting effect of different carotenoids on fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The optimal concentration of a panel of individual and combined carotenoid sources on skin pigmentation in fancy carp was investigated by nine experimental diets that were formulated and supplemented with astaxanthin at 25 mg kg^?1, lutein at 25 and 50 mg kg^?1, β‐carotene at 25, 50 and 75 mg kg^?1, and lutein combined with β‐carotene at 25 : 25 and 50 : 50 mg kg^?1, while a diet without supplemented carotenoid served as a control. The results showed that serum TC of fish fed diets containing supplemented with lutein plus β‐carotene at 25 : 25; 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 diet were higher than the other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Serum TC of the respective treatments was 6.2 ± 2.0, 7.8 ± 3.3 and 7.3 ± 1.9 μg mL^?1 serum, respectively. Fish fed diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 diet had serum astaxanthin concentrations similar to fish fed the diet with astaxanthin alone at 25 mg kg^?1. Serum astaxanthin concentrations was 0.7 ± 0.01, 0.9 ± 0.01, 0.4 ± 0.02 and 1.7 ± 0.18 μg mL^?1 serum, respectively. The chromaticity of fish body skin of red and white position was assessed by colourimetry using the CIE L*a*b (CIELAB) system. Pigmentation response of skin redness of fancy carp fed with diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 were higher than other treatments (P ≤ 0.05) but they were similar to fish fed with 25 mg kg^?1 astaxanthin diet. The redness (a* values) of fish fed diets with diets combined with lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25, 50 : 50 mg kg^?1 and lutein 50 mg kg^?1 were 28.3 ± 0.53, 29.9 ± 1.38, 28.8 ± 3.95 and 28.5 ± 2.49, respectively. After 3 weeks of feeding the experimental diets, the fish fed on a diet without carotenoid supplement for one week demonstrated that the same three groups still retained their redness and had an overall tendency to improve skin colouring. Finally, concentrations 50 mg kg^?1 of lutein, or the combination of lutein and β‐carotene at 25 : 25 mg kg^?1 showed the highest efficiency for improving skin pigmentation and redness of skin.     

间接ELISA法研究嗜水气单胞菌对鳗鲡表皮黏液的黏附特性

采用间接ELISA法研究菌浓度、孵育时间、温度、pH、阳离子及碳源等因子对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)黏附鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)表皮黏液的影响。结果表明, 改良后的间接ELISA法的检测灵敏度约为9.92×10⁴ CFU, 细菌的黏附量随菌浓度的升高而逐渐增大并符合饱和黏附动力学方程: y=0.135ln(x)-0.936(R²= 0.986); 嗜水气单胞菌黏附鳗鲡表皮黏液的最佳条件为: 温度20~28℃, pH 6.2~6.6, NaCl、MgCl₂质量浓度分别为15~25 g/L和3 g/L, 孵育时间为150 min。碳源对嗜水气单胞菌的黏附作用有不同程度的影响, 葡萄糖和麦芽糖能显著提高嗜水气单胞菌的黏附量(P<0. 05), 果糖则显著降低嗜水气单胞菌的黏附量(P<0. 05)。以上结果说明, 嗜水气单胞菌对鳗鲡表皮黏液具有较强的黏附作用, 且其黏附作用具有可控性。

     

Characterization and Film-Forming Properties of Gelatins from Whitemouth Croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) Skin and Bones

The Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), due to its abundance, is considered one of the most traditional and important species fished in the coastal waters and estuaries of South America. The aim of this work was to produce biopolymeric films of gelatins obtained from skin and bones of Whitemouth croaker. The fish gelatins were characterized through the yield, chemical composition, physiochemical, and rheological properties. The films were characterized by tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability (WVP), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and optical properties. The values of protein yield, hydroxyproline content, gel strength, melting temperature, gelling temperature, and viscosity of the skin gelatin were higher than the values of the bone gelatin. The films obtained of skin gelatin showed all properties and thermal analysis superior in relation to the films of bone gelatin; this can be justified by the best physicochemical and rheological characteristics of the skin gelatin.