Late defoliation and wheat yield: Little evidence of post-anthesis source limitation

The effect of source reduction on yield and protein content of bread wheat under well-watered and mild drought stress condition in a semi-arid climate was studied. Field experiments were conducted at the Tehran University research farm during 2003–2004 and 2004–2005 growing seasons. Mild drought stress was imposed when plants were at the second node stage by repeatedly withholding watering and re-irrigating when they showed symptoms of wilting or leaf rolling. Partial defoliations (all leaf lamina other than flag leaves were removed) were imposed at booting and anthesis; complete defoliation was imposed at anthesis (defoliation treatments were applied to all plants of each plot). Drought stress caused a significant increase in the remobilization of pre-anthesis reserves to the grain. Defoliation did not significantly affect remobilization. Grain yield and 1000-grain weight was reduced slightly by drought stress, but in most cases it was not significantly reduced by defoliation. Significant changes were not observed for grain protein content between defoliated and control plots. The results suggested that grain yield of the cultivar used under the condition tested is more controlled by sink than source strength.     

QTL analysis of panicle morphology response to irrigation regime in aerobic rice culture

In water-efficient rice production, grain yield is often constrained by panicle size. The objective of this study was to genetically dissect the response of panicle morphology to irrigation regimes in aerobic rice culture. We grew ‘Akihikari’ (a lowland japonica cultivar) × ‘IRAT109’ (an upland japonica cultivar) backcross inbred lines in aerobic soils with full or limited irrigation for 2 years, and examined 4 panicle traits—number of florets per panicle (FPP), number of primary branches per panicle (BPP), number of florets per primary branch (FPB), and frequency of pre-flowering floret abortion (%FA)—and grain yield. QTLs for BPP were detected in both the irrigation regimes but QTLs for FPB and %FA were detected mostly only in either of the irrigation regimes. The QTL for FPP on chromosome 2 (RM3421–RM213) coincided with that for yield under full irrigation, showing that this QTL is related to sink capacity and yield potential in aerobic rice culture. On the other hand, the QTL for FPB on chromosome 1 (RM3148–RM243) coincided with that for yield under limited irrigation, when water deficit was moderate. The QTL for root axis length at vegetative stage, previously identified in the same mapping population, was located near this region. This study unravelled the complicated genetic control on panicle morphology in aerobic rice culture, and suggested the positive roles of the dehydration avoidance mechanism by vigorous root growth on panicle size and yield under dry soil conditions.     

不同粒位玉米种子产量潜力的研究

通过田间产比试验,探讨了不同粒位玉米种子的产量潜力。结果表明,不同粒位的种子在种子大小、粒重及幼苗长势等方面存在一定差别,但对玉米中后期生长及最终产量没有明显影响。表明不同粒位的玉米种子具有相同的产量潜力。     

甘肃冬小麦品种(系)面粉品质性状相关基因分析

为了解甘肃省近20年育成的106份冬小麦品种(系)中加工品质性状相关基因分布情况,用22个分子标记对供试材料的HMW-GS、LMW-GS、面粉色泽及籽粒硬度等品质性状相关基因进行了分析。结果发现,供试品种(系)的HMW-GS相关基因中,在Glu-A1位点检测到34份品种(系)含有AxNull,频率为32.08%;在Glu-B1位点检测到Bx7+By8和Bx14+By15共2种基因组合,分别占17.92%和25.47%;在Glu-D1位点检测到11份品种(系)含有Dx5+Dy10,占10.38%。对LMW-GS鉴定结果显示,29份品种(系)含Glu-A3d基因,分布频率为27.36%。HMW-GS和LMW-GS亚基组合中,含有4个、3个和2个位点优质亚基基因组合的品种(系)分别占0.94%、8.49%和3.77%。对面粉色泽相关基因Ppo-A1、Ppo-D1、Psy-A1、Lox-B1和TaPod-A1位点的检测发现,优异等位变异占比分别为39.62%、50.94%、31.13%、30.19%和38.68%。对籽粒硬度相关基因检测发现,在Pina、Pinb和Pinb-2等位变异位点的检测...     

有机与常规栽培条件下不同春小麦品种产量与品质的差异

为了解有机和常规栽培条件下不同春小麦品种产量与品质形成的差异,进而筛选适宜有机栽培的优质高产春小麦品种,以北方春麦区主栽的10个品种为供试材料,通过大田试验,采用主成分分析与聚类分析相结合的品质-产量综合评价方法,系统分析了有机与常规栽培模式下不同小麦品种籽粒品质和产量的综合表现。结果表明,不同品种间,籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质品质指标、容重、出粉率和面团流变学特性指标的差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。与常规栽培相比,有机栽培下10个品种的穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量依次降低了15.1%、42.9%、12.5%和21.4%;蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、容重和出粉率分别降低了32.9%、44.0%、52.9%、8.2%和1.0%;吸水率、面团稳定时间、面团形成时间、拉伸面积、面团延展性和最大抗延阻力分别降低了11.5%、36.2%、40.3%、1.0%、20.5%和10.2%。通过主成分分析,从11个品质指标中提取出4个主成分,累计贡献率达到了91.17%,其中贡献较大的指标有蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、拉伸面积、出粉率、最大抗延阻力。根据品质主成分综合得分和产量聚类,在两种栽培...     

东北地区土壤有机质含量分布情况分析

土壤有机质对于农作物生长具有重要作用,土壤腐殖质的特性影响各种农作物的生长习性,就东北地区而言,土壤中有机质含量的多少与均匀分布特性事关大宗物料的生产,就其中各种因素的分析,工作量会纷繁复杂,就土壤中有机质含量的特性特点、影响因子给出分析。     

粮油食品专题特色数据库的建设及思考——以河南工业大学图书馆CALIS特色数据库为例

专题特色数据库的建设是现代高校图书馆数字化建设的重要组成部分,同时也是图书馆信息服务的重要内容之一。本文就我校图书馆在粮油食品专题特色数据库建设中取得的经验、技术和遇到的问题进行了探讨,以提高高校图书馆专题特色数据库的建设水平。     

甜高粱与粒用高粱主要性状研究

[目的]寻找甜高粱与粒用高粱主要性状的异同。[方法]选用代表性甜高粱T26T、37品种,粒用高粱R123、LR198品种,研究其生长势、植物学性状表现、含糖量、叶绿素含量、呼吸速率。[结果]结果表明,甜高粱生长优势显著优于粒用高粱,主要表现在与生物产量有关的性状;糖含量的积累起点及总含量均高于粒用高粱,而甜高粱和粒用高粱糖积累总趋势是一致的;甜高粱生物产量优势强,而粒用高粱穗部性状优势强;生理性状中叶绿素含量粒用高粱优于甜高粱,而呼吸速率甜高粱偏高。[结论]甜高粱与粒用高粱功能不同而用途不同。     

太行山区鹦哥绿豆种植密度的试验研究

[目的]确定太行山区鹦哥绿豆的最佳种植密度。[方法]设置6万、9万、12万、15万株/hm24个种植密度,通过调查株高、单株荚数、主茎分枝数、单荚粒数及产量,研究种植密度对太行山区鹦哥绿豆生长的影响。[结果]太行山区鹦哥绿豆的株高和单株荚数均随着种植密度的增大而增加,密度为15万株/hm2时达到最大值;主茎分枝数和单荚粒数分别在种植密度为9万、12万株/hm2时出现最大值;产量刚开始随着种植密度的增加而增加,密度为12万株/hm2时最高,为1255.6 kg/hm2,随后开始下降。[结论]太行山区鹦哥绿豆的最佳种植密度是12万~15万株/hm2。     

源库调节对小麦不同品种籽粒微量元素及蛋白质含量的影响

为了解小麦籽粒微量营养元素含量的调控机制及其与籽粒重和蛋白质含量的关系, 以9个冬小麦品种为材料, 通过开花后减源(去叶、穗遮光)、减库(去50%小穗)处理, 分析了成熟籽粒中Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu等微量元素含量与籽粒重、蛋白质含量变化及其相互关系, 并探讨了籽粒微营养素积累的源库调控作用。结果表明, 籽粒中Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、蛋白质含量和籽粒重均在品种间和源库处理间存在显著差异。去叶源不仅使籽粒重和籽粒蛋白质含量显著降低, 而且使籽粒Fe、Zn、Mn和Cu含量明显降低; 穗遮光使籽粒重显著降低, 蛋白质含量略有提高, 籽粒微量元素含量的变化因品种和元素类型而异, 总体趋势为Fe、Zn和Cu含量增加, Mn含量降低; 去小穗减少库, 使各品种剩余籽粒粒重略有增加, 而蛋白质含量提高, 籽粒Fe、Zn、Mn和Cu含量均较大幅度提高。籽粒Fe、Zn、Mn和Cu含量主要受各元素供源的限制, 不同元素受供源影响程度不同, 且与品种基因型有关。籽粒中4种微量元素含量之间及其与粒重和蛋白质含量之间具有一定的正相关性, 说明籽粒微量元素含量与籽粒重和蛋白质含量存在同步提高的可 能性。