选育甘蓝型春油菜波里马不育胞质三系杂种的研究

在青海春油菜生态区的田间试验结果表明,长江中游的单,双低半冬性甘蓝型油菜品种资源,绝大部分能正常生长适时成熟,这些品种资源与波里马细胞质雄性不育材料测交和连续回交,大部分半冬性品种的回交后彻底不育,而春性品种的后代出现微粉。半冬性品种转有的不育系或恢复系与春性品种转育的恢复纱或不育系配制的杂种优势明显。今后春油菜区在马不育胞质三系杂种的选育,应用长江中游双低半冬性品种（系）转育的不育系与加拿大和欧     

春小麦叶片生长动力学模型及其解析

运用物理动力学原理,假设小麦叶片生长源自于生长动力和生长阻力协同作用的基础上,推导出春小麦叶片生长的动力学模型L=[1-(t-a)2/a2]k.L+n.该模型能完好描述小麦叶片露尖至衰亡的全过程,对于小麦个体或群体全生育期内叶片生长状态的量化表达具良好的开发潜力和应用价值.     

Untersuchungen zum Einfluß von Konkurrenzbedingungen auf die Entwicklung der Bestandesstruktur von Sommerraps

Investigations on the effect of competition on stand structure of spring oilseed rape
On the basis of a field experiment with spring oilseed rape, frequency distributions of plant dry matter and plant height were investigated. Samples were taken at four developmental stages: rosette, begin of flowering, end of flowering, ripeness (harvest). To understand the effect of competition in a plant population on frequency distribution, distance of rows (16 cm, 32 cm) and number of plants (60, 90 and 120 plants/m²) were varied. Differences in frequency distribution were estimated by skewness and kurtosis.
The results show that with age of the plant population the skewness of the plant character dry matter decreases from a high positive value till ripeness to a low positive value; kurtosis also decreases during development and tends to a value of 0 at ripeness. The effect of competition as produced by number of plants for area is mirrored by a positive skewness increasing with increasing number of plants per area. The value for kurtosis also increases with the stronger competition as consequence of plant density. Row distance did not show specific effects of frequency distribution. Plant height did, generally speaking, not react to competition.     

Spring Barley Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Ethephon in Regions with a Short Crop Growing Season

Aspects of intensive management practices such as high N fertilization inputs and plant growth regulator use could potentially increase cereal yields in regions with a short crop-growing season and occasionally dry and hot weather. A field experiment was carried out for four years (1987 to 1990) at Agronomy Research Centre of McGill University, Canada to evaluate the response of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Cadette, Laurier and Leger to N rates (0, 70 and 140 kg N ha⁻¹) and ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) growth regulator treatment. The application of higher than conventional N level (70 kg N ha⁻¹) did not increase barley yields under dry weather conditions and when the soil N resources were high. The high levels of N did increase the grain crude protein concentration by 2 to 10 g kg⁻¹, as did ethephon treatment. The feed quality of spring barley was improved. Ethephon treatment reduced grain yield due to a severe reduction in the number of grains spike⁻¹, and/or 1000-grain weight, although the number of spikes m⁻² was increased. Thus, the overall effect of ethephon treatment on yield was inconsistent and was influenced to a large extent by the prevailing weather conditions.     

Effects of Temporary Water Stress After Anthesis on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Different Tiller Categories of Two Spring Wheat Varieties

Water stress might limit grain yields of cereals under humid conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a temporary water shortage at three different stages after anthesis on the grain yield and yield components of different tiller categories in two spring wheat varieties. A pot experiment with controlled water supply and rain shelters was conducted in 1984 and 1985 in Kiel, N. W. Germany. The water stress (pF 2.9 to 3.4) was imposed either between anthesis to early milk development of the caryopsis (WS1) (EC 65 to EC 72 according to Z adoks scale), early milk development to late milk development of the caryopsis (WS2) (EC 72 to EC 77) and late milk development to maturity (WS3) (EC 77 to EC 92). The control had a constant water supply throughout the growing season of between pF 2.2 to 2.5.
The water stress treatment WS1 significantly reduced the single plant yield by 10 % (1984) and 15 % (1985) in one variety (Selpek), whereas the other variety was unaffected. The response of both varieties to the two later treatments was smaller and insignificant.
In the first year the yield decrease in the variety Selpek after the WS1 treatment was mainly caused by a lower number of ears per plant compared with the untreated control (WS0). In the second year (1985) additionally a lower grain weight of the second category shoots caused by a reduction of the number of kernels per ear contributed to the decrease of the single plant yield. The yield component thousand grain weight could not compensate for the reduction in the number of kernels per ear.     

Fertilization Management for Improving Quality Properties of Spring Wheat in Northeast China

Fertilization management to improve quality properties of spring wheat cultivars has received little research attention in Northeast China. In this study, the effects of different fertilization management regimes on the quality properties of spring wheat cultivar New Kehan 9 (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated for two years. The results showed that fertilization consistently increased wheat yield, and the highest yield was obtained with addition of N, P and NPK fertilizers. The NPK treatment resulted in 50% more yield than the unfertilized plot. The average increases in protein content from NPK and NP at seeding + N at anthesis over no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seeding were 2.7% and 0.90% respectively. The highest protein yields were achieved in NPK and NPK + N treatments, and the lowest protein yield was observed in the no fertilizer treatment due to both low protein content and grain yield. Fertilization increased gliadins content, but decreased glutenins content, thus the gliadins/glutenins ratios were higher in the fertilization treatments. The most obvious effect of fertilization on kernel quality was the significant increase of hardness percentage. Although the dough rheological properties were not strongly changed by fertilization, dry gluten and wet gluten were significantly increased, and the highest bread volume and bread score were found in the NPK treatment in both years. The application of 3% urea at anthesis, or applying 45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applications, significantly increased protein yield and improved quality properties of this wheat cultivar.     

白菜型春油菜细胞质雄性不育株的发现及其保持和恢复材料的筛选

1991年在本院试验地种植的选自组合[门源×(Tobin×门源)F_1]F_6的白菜型春油菜双低品系88—523中发现了一株花叶不育株,此不育株的雄蕊呈戟形、无花粉,雌蕊稍弯曲。用几个不同品种(系)与其进行测交和回交,证明该不育属细胞质雄性不育,命名为88—533A细胞质雄性不育。用国内外的亲本材料与不育材料测交,结果表明,保持基因型易在青海和印度的常规品种中找到,而恢复基因则在加拿大的单双低油菜品种(系)中较易获得。     

恒定水头供水瓶的性能分析

恒定水头供水瓶的弹性构件弹簧竖立在敞口容器和支座之间,该装置通过水体自重与弹簧弹力相互作用使敞口容器内的上液面保持绝对高程不变,使水头保持稳定。在实际应用中,可以在一定限度内自由增减敞口容器内水量,避免了马氏瓶在实验前需要放水以维持水头稳定与实验过程中不能对瓶内水量做任何控制以及该仪器不适于高温环境中使用的弊端,且该仪器可以缩小体积,方便拆装与携带。经计算,该装置系统误差在4%以内。研究提出的恒定水头供水瓶,原理简单,适应性强,可在各种入渗、蒸发实验中用于控制水头高度的恒定,具有广泛的应用前景。