花后高温胁迫下匀播春小麦旗叶的转录组分析

为研究不同播种模式下花后高温胁迫对春小麦旗叶转录组的影响,以宁春50号为试验材料,采用人工模拟高温的方法,设条播和匀播两种播种方式,灌水施肥方式均为水肥一体化,对高温处理后的春小麦旗叶分别构建转录组测序文库,采用FPKM法计算基因的相对表达量,并对差异表达基因进行KEGG通路分析。结果表明,相较于常温处理,高温胁迫下条播和匀播滴灌处理分别有199和1 819个基因上调表达,55和1 335个基因下调表达,说明高温胁迫下匀播滴灌处理对春小麦旗叶转录组的表达影响明显。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,高温胁迫下与条播滴灌处理对比,匀播滴灌处理的春小麦光合作用-天线蛋白通路注释到的差异表达基因最多,有52个,其次为淀粉和蔗糖通路(注释到50个差异表达基因);而常温条件下与条播滴灌处理对比,匀播滴灌处理的春小麦淀粉和蔗糖代谢通路注释到的差异表达基因最多,有49个,其次为光合作用-天线蛋白通路(注释到41个差异表达基因)。因此,高温胁迫下匀播滴灌技术可以更好地改善植物的光合系统,有效缓解高温引起的小麦植株早衰。     

选育甘蓝型春油菜波里马不育胞质三系杂种的研究

在青海春油菜生态区的田间试验结果表明,长江中游的单,双低半冬性甘蓝型油菜品种资源,绝大部分能正常生长适时成熟,这些品种资源与波里马细胞质雄性不育材料测交和连续回交,大部分半冬性品种的回交后彻底不育,而春性品种的后代出现微粉。半冬性品种转有的不育系或恢复系与春性品种转育的恢复纱或不育系配制的杂种优势明显。今后春油菜区在马不育胞质三系杂种的选育,应用长江中游双低半冬性品种（系）转育的不育系与加拿大和欧     

吉林省春旱风险评估及区划

利用吉林省各站1951-2005年实测气象资料,通过计算变异系数、正态分布风险概率、风险指数对吉林省春旱的风险性进行了讨论和评估。结果表明,吉林省中西部大部分地区遭受春旱的风险性较大,出现偏旱的概率一般在60%以上,发生重旱的概率在20%-60%;综合风险区划结果显示西部白城市大部为春旱高风险区,西部松原市和中部大部为春旱较高风险区,因此,在农业生产中,中西部地区应充分考虑春旱风险,以减轻损失。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

Production of mutants with high cold tolerance in spring canola (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis>)

A major factor affecting spring canola (Brassica napus) production in Canada is killing frosts during seedling development in the spring and seed maturation in the fall. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of producing spring canola lines with mutations that have altered biochemical pathways that increase cold tolerance. The approach was to generate UV point mutations in cultured microspores followed by chemical in vitro selection of individual mutant microspores or embryos resulting in measurable alterations to various biochemical pathways with elevated levels of key defense signaling molecules such as, salicylic acid (SA), p-Fluoro-d,l-Phenyl Alanine (FPA), and jasmonic acid (JA). In addition, since proline (Pro) is known to protect plant tissues in the cold-induced osmotic stress pathway, mutants that overproduce Pro were selected in vitro by using three Pro analogues: hydroxyproline (HP), azetidine-2-carboxylate (A2C); and, 3,4-dehydro-d,l-proline (DP). Of the 329 in vitro selected mutant embryos produced, 74 were identified with significant cold tolerance compared to their donor parents through indoor freezer tests at −6°C, and 19 had better winter field survival than winter canola checks. All chemically selected mutant doubled haploids with increased cold tolerance compared well with parent lines for all seed quality and agronomic parameters. Development of increased frost tolerant cultivars should allow for spring canola to be produced in western Canada without compromising seed quality.     

Effects of previous leaf injuries to spring canola on western black flea beetle (Phyllotreta pusilla) feeding

Two trials were conducted in 2002 with 14-day-old spring canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings to evaluate the effects of previous leaf injuries of different cultivars on subsequent injury by western black flea beetle (WBFB),Phyllotreta pusilla Horn (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), under greenhouse conditions in Colorado (USA). Previous leaf cutting was found to have only minor effects on subsequent infestation and injury by WBFB, and such effects may be cultivar-specific. Only IMC205 showed significant differences by more than one parameter during these studies; cultivars Excel and 46A65 showed no responses in injury or infestation between previously cut and uncut plants. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 14, 2005.     

甘蓝型春油菜胚胎发育进程的观察

试验表明春油菜的胚长、子叶长宽、胚轴长宽的变化基本同步,都呈现S形曲线,增长峰值出现在花后第14—15天,接近最大值的时间在花后第22—25天。胚干重在花后第28天增加最快,日增量达0.24mg.胚细胞数在花后第22天不再增加,此时胚干重仅为其最终胚重的1/5左右,而胚长已接近最大值,施用氮肥能使胚早期发育延缓,同时能防止胚珠退化,增加粒数,提高粒重。     

春蚕5龄立体条桑一日两回育研究

针对农村养蚕房屋紧、投入成本高、效益低的实际情况,在春蚕期进行了5龄立体条桑一日两回育研究,结果表明立体条桑育具有节省养蚕用房、生产用具简单、用桑量少、蚕茧产质量高于对照区等优点。     

内蒙古平原灌区优质高产春玉米综合配套技术浅析

本文从品种选择、宽行密株合理密植,科学灌水,平衡施肥,地膜覆盖,土壤条件及培肥,病虫草害防治,精耕细作与机械配套相结合等8个方面,简要分析了公顷产量12.75t～16.50t优质春玉米的综合配套技术.     

Effects of single-tree and group selection harvesting on the diversity and abundance of spring forest herbs in deciduous forests in southwestern Ontario

Selection harvesting, by mimicking natural disturbance regimes of eastern deciduous hardwood forests, has been applied as a sustainable management practice that combines wood production with biodiversity conservation. However, the effects of this technique on understory herbs are unclear, particularly for spring ephemerals which have been suggested as sensitive to disturbance. Here, we experimentally assess the immediate effects of single-tree and group selection harvesting on spring ephemeral richness, diversity and abundance in deciduous forests of southwestern Ontario, Canada. Spring herbs were quantified in 4 m² plots before and one growing season after harvesting and compared to similar uncut, reference stands. The percent of species lost was significantly higher in reference than harvested plots. Mean species richness significantly increased after harvesting, predominately due to an increase in spring–summer species. Increases in the diversity of early spring flowering species were significantly greater in the group selection plots than reference plots. At the community level, no species appeared to be vulnerable to harvesting, and ordination analysis indicated that post-harvest communities were primarily determined by pre-harvest community composition. Furthermore, no species declined in abundance in response to harvesting, and overall percent cover increased proportionately more in single-tree selection plots than in group selection or reference plots. While harvesting appears to have negligible effects on spring ephemerals immediately following harvest, we recommend additional studies over longer time frames to assess possible successional effects and to discriminate treatment induced changes from naturally high yearly variation in species composition.