Analysis of the Relativity Between the Nutrient Content of Pasturage and the Relative Frequency of Feeding in Leizhou Goat Grazing on Natural Grassland

In order to understand the correlation between the grazing behavior of Leizhou goat and natural meadow nutrient content, the pasture behavior of Leizhou goats were tracked and recorded for 7 consecutive days, then the grass samples were collected according to the feeding conditions. The results showed that the relative feeding frequency of Pharbitis nil, Eleusine indica, Isachne globosa and Imperata cylindrica for Leizhou goats were 55.51%,28.70%, 8.13% and 1.18%,respectively.Among the determinated pastures, the contents of dry matter (DM)(P < 0.05),neutral detergent fiber (NDF)(P < 0.05) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in Imperata cylindrica were the highest; Bidens pilosa had the highest contents of crude protein (CP)(P < 0.05),calcium (Ca)(P < 0.05),phosphorus (P)(P < 0.05), crude ash (ASH) and crude fat (EE);The crude fiber (CF) content in Isachne globosa was the highest. The correlation coefficient between the content of grass CP,CF,ADF,NDF,Ca as well as P and relative feeding frequency was 0.793(P < 0.05),-0.813(P < 0.05), -0.328(P > 0.05), -0.945(P < 0.01),0.804(P < 0.05),0.735(P < 0.05),respectively. In conclusion, there were significant positive correlation between the relative feeding frequency of Leizhou goats and the cotent of CP, Ca and P in native grass, and had a significant or extremely significant negtive correlation with CF and NDF content.     

猪的母性行为研究进展

母猪的母性行为包括分娩前后的一系列行为活动,例如做窝、哺乳以及抚育仔猪等。本文就母猪分娩前行为、分娩行为(产仔行为)、哺乳行为、护仔行为和念亲行为做一综述。     

无线电追踪技术在地下啮齿动物研究中的应用

营地下生活的啮齿动物被誉为陆地生态系统的工程师,但其长期栖居于地下的生活习性难以被人们直接观察,给动物行为学和生态生物学等研究带来了挑战。随着科学技术的发展,无线电技术的小型化和轻量化为地下啮齿动物研究提供了可行性。国外学者已成功将无线电追踪技术应用于对地下啮齿动物洞道系统、活动节律、巢域面积变化以及社群制度等的研究。但国内将其应用于地下啮齿动物研究的较少。本文根据目前国内外研究现状,对无线追踪技术的研究内容和研究方法进行综述,以期为我国地下啮齿类研究提供参考。     

波尔山羊与关中奶山羊发情行为对比观察

本文通过对两个引进品种——波尔山羊与关中奶山羊发情行为比较观察,结果发现,波尔山羊发情期三个阶段,发情初期、发情末期,尤其在发情盛期的行为没有关中奶山羊的明显,发情持续时间为26.00±8.98hr,短于关中奶山羊的40.93±8.39hr(P<0.0.1)。公羊试情结合阴道检查是准确鉴定波尔山羊发情的主要方法。本研究还提出在培育、引进或利用波尔山羊品种时,应兼顾繁殖性能的建议。     

太湖麇鹿一雌哺乳三仔的行为剖析

苏州西山太湖麋鹿园的麋鹿一雌同时哺乳三仔的行为，仔鹿共表现出四种吮乳模式：即一仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿后侧吮乳，二仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿腹部左侧吮乳；一仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿后侧吮乳，二仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿腹部右侧吮乳；一仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿后侧吮乳，二仔鹿在哺乳雌鹿腹部左右侧各一头吮乳；三仔鹿分别立于哺乳雌鹿的后侧、左侧和胸腹下方吮乳。太湖麋鹿一雌哺乳三仔的特殊行为的表现，既取决于鹿群的生活空间和鹿群的密度，又与哺乳雌鹿摄入的饲料质量相关联，同时也与仔鹿一时饥饿而又无法寻找到自己的母亲哺乳有关。     

Dietary zinc concentration and lipopolysaccharide injection affect circulating trace minerals,acute phase protein response,and behavior as evaluated by an ear-tag–based accelerometer in beef steers

To assess plasma trace mineral (TM) concentrations, the acute phase protein response, and behavior in response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, 96 Angus cross steers (average initial body weight [BW]: 285 ± 14.4 kg) were sorted into two groups by BW (heavy and light; n = 48/group), fitted with an ear-tag–based accelerometer (CowManager SensOor; Agis, Harmelen, Netherlands), and stagger started 14 d apart. Consecutive day BW was recorded to start the 24-d trial (days −1 and 0). Dietary treatments began on day 0: common diet with either 30 (Zn30) or 100 (Zn100) mg supplemental Zn/kg DM (ZnSO₄). On day 17, steers received one of the following injection treatments intravenously to complete the 2 × 3 factorial: 1) SALINE (~2–3 mL of physiological saline), 2) LOWLPS: 0.25 µg LPS/kg BW, or 3) HIGHLPS: 0.375 µg LPS/kg BW. Blood, rectal temperature (RT), and BW were recorded on day 16 (−24 h relative to injection), and BW was used to assign injection treatment. Approximately 6, 24 (day 18), and 48 (day 19) h after treatment, BW, RT, and blood were collected, and final BW recorded on day 24. Data were analyzed in Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effects of diet, injection, diet × injection; for BW, RT, dry matter intake (DMI), plasma TM, and haptoglobin-repeated measures analysis were used to evaluate effects over time. Area under the curve analysis determined by GraphPad Prism was used for analysis of accelerometer data. Body weight was unaffected by diet or injection (P ≥ 0.16), but there was an injection × time effect for DMI and RT (P < 0.05), where DMI decreased in both LPS treatments on day 16, but recovered by day 17, and RT was increased in LPS treatments 6 h post-injection. Steers receiving LPS spent less time highly active and eating than SALINE (P < 0.01). Steers in HIGHLPS spent lesser time ruminating, followed by LOWLPS and then SALINE (P < 0.001). An injection × time effect (P < 0.001) for plasma Zn showed decreased concentrations within 6 h of injection and remained decreased through 24 h before recovering by 48 h. A tendency for a diet × time effect (P = 0.06) on plasma Zn suggests plasma Zn repletion occurred at a greater rate in Zn100 compared to Zn30. These results suggest that increased supplemental Zn may alter the rate of recovery of Zn status from an acute inflammatory event. Additionally, ear-tag–based accelerometers used in this study were effective at detecting sickness behavior in feedlot steers, and rumination may be more sensitive than other variables.     

放牧绵羊行为生态学研究 V.采食行为参数与草地状况的关系

放牧绵羊主要采食行为参数与草地状况间有极其密切的关系：①当草层高度不低于６．０ｃｍ时，采食量和进食速度保持相对稳定；采食口数和采食速度随草层高度的增加而分别减少和降低；每口采食量随草层高度的增加而增加，但在６．０～９．０ｃｍ之间变化幅度不大；采食时间以９．０ｃｍ左右的草层高度时最短。②当单位面积内牧草的容积不足２７０００ｃｍ３／ｍ２时，采食量、进食速度和每口采食量均随其增加而有较大幅度的增加；超过此值时，前二者基本保持不变，后者仍有较快的增加，但在２７０００～３７０００ｃｍ３／ｍ２之间变化都不大；采食口数和采食速度随其增加而降低；采食时间以３７０００ｃｍ３／ｍ２时为最短。③当牧草容重干物质不足１．２ｍｇ／ｃｍ３时，采食量、进食速度和每口采食量均随其增加而有较大幅度的增加；当超过此值时，采食量和进食速度基本不变，每口采食量干物质在１．２ｍｇ／ｃｍ３时处于最大值，以后随其增加而趋于稳定；采食时间基本上随容重的增加而缩短；采食口数和采食速度与容重的关系正好与每口采食量和容重的关系相反。④牧草地上生物量干物质低于３７ｇ／ｍ２时，采食量、进食速度和每口采食量均有较大幅度的增加；超过此值时，前二者基本保持不变，后者则有     

不同降温措施和不同日龄放养模式对黄羽肉鸡行为的影响

采用行为学方法研究大棚饲养条件下风扇降温和水帘降温以及舍饲、35日龄开放运动场、70日龄开放运动场对黄羽肉鸡采食、饮水、修饰、站立、运动、觅食、攻击、休息、沙浴,栖架10种行为的影响。结果表明：（1）水帘降温组鸡群采食和修饰行为的百分比极显著高于风扇降温组（P〈0.01）;而饮水、站立和觅食行为的百分比则极显著低于风扇降温组（P〈0.01）;沙浴行为百分比也显著低于风扇降温组（P〈0.05）,其他的行为变化差异不显著（P＞0.05）。（2）放养措施可以极显著增加鸡群的采食、饮水、修饰、运动、觅食、休息以及沙浴等7种行为的百分比（P〈0.01）,极显著降低鸡群的栖架行为及站立行为的百分比（P〈0.01）;其他的行为变化差异不显著（P＞0.05）。表明不同降温措施和不同时间放养措施显著影响肉鸡采食、饮水、站立、修饰、觅食和沙浴行为百分比,上述6种行为指标可作为评价黄羽肉鸡福利养殖水平的参考指标。     

Ovipositor length of threeApocrypta species: Effect on oviposition behavior and correlation with syconial thickness

We investigated oviposition behavior in three non-pollinating fig wasps: the sympatric speciesApocrypta bakeri Joseph onFicus hispida L.,A. westwoodi Grandi onF. racemosa L., andApocrypta sp. onF. semicordata Buch.-Ham. The oviposition behavior differs significantly between one pair of species (A. bakeri andA. westwoodi) and the other species (Apocrypta sp. onF. semicordata).A. bakeri andA. westwoodi were similar in the following aspects: the posture of the abdomen and the action of the hind legs before penetration, and the bending ovipositor sheath during penetration. In contrast, the oviposition behavior ofApocrypta sp. is quite different. This difference can be explained by the significant correlation between ovipositor length and syconial thickness.Apocrypta sp. has a shorter ovipositor than the two other species, which correlates with the thinner syconial wall of its host figF. semicordata. It is deduced that the ovipositor length adapts to the syconial thickness and induces the oviposition behavior in the different species to diverge. For all threeApocrypta species, the midleg length and hindleg length are significantly correlated with their ovipositor lengths. This may be explained as due to the fact that body movement adjusting the hindlegs and midlegs up and down, or forward and backward, is also influenced by the ovipositor length.