ROCK promotes high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhi-biting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

AIMTo investigate whether Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is involved in high glucose-induced apoptosis of primary cardiomyocytes by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODSPrimary Wistar rat cardiomyocytes were cultured and identified by α-sarcomeric actin (α-SCA) immunohistochemistry. Cardiomyocytes were treated with 5.5, 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose for 48 h. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and the mRNA expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the cardiomyocytes was detected by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes. The protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were determined by Western blot. In order to confirm the regulatory effect of ROCKs on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the cells were divided into control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose), high glucose group (33 mmol/L glucose) and high glucose+Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor) group. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt. RESULTSAfter 48 h of high glucose exposure, the values of relative cell viability in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were (79.71±2.43)% and (68.41±7.49)%, respectively, both of which were significantly decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). After 48 h of high glucose exposure, the relative mRNA levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were significantly increased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the apoptotic rate in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the protein expression of ROCK1, ROCK2 and cleaved caspase-3 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased (P<0.05). No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed, while the protein level of p-Akt in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with high glucose group, the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 was decreased in high glucose+Y27632 group. No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed. Compared with normal control group, the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose group was decreased, and the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose+Y27632 group was increased significantly compared with high glucose group. CONCLUSION Under high glucose environment, ROCK may reduce the level of p-Akt by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus promoting the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.     

四种短体线虫的形态和分子生物学鉴定

 采用形态学和分子生物学方法对来自荷兰的藏橐吾和铃兰、泰国的高山榕、缅甸的香蕉等种苗(球)分别鉴定出玻利维亚短体线虫Pratylenchus bolivianus、铃兰短体线虫P. convallariae、咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫 P. speijeri。对这4种线虫的形态特征进行较为详细的描述后,认为头环、口针、侧区、生殖系统和尾形等形态特征是种类鉴定的重要依据;进一步利用引物28S-D2A/28S-D3Br扩增测序得到上述4种线虫的28S rRNA基因D2/D3区序列,序列分析发现玻利维亚短体线虫从欧洲到美洲的不同种群之间的遗传距离变异较小,仅为0~0.007;铃兰短体线虫同一种群不同个体之间的遗传变异较大,为0.006~0.029;咖啡短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.013;斯佩奇短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.010;咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫P. speijeri亲缘关系很近,二者种间平均遗传距离仅为0.026。本研究再次证明线虫28S rRNA基因D2/D3区基因序列可作为短体线虫种间鉴定的依据。     

新疆春小麦育成品种遗传演变分析

【目的】研究新疆春小麦育成品种遗传演变规律,提高小麦资源的利用效率,为新疆春小麦品种选育和改良提供参考依据。【方法】以新疆春小麦育成品种为材料,对其主要性状进行综合评价分析,以春小麦90K芯片开展新疆春小麦育成种亲缘关系分析。【结果】新疆春小麦育成种遗传多样性丰富,平均遗传多样性指数2.005,变幅为1.902~2.181。相关性分析结果表明,蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、穗粒数与育种年代呈极显著正相关。新疆春小麦品种选育主要是通过常规杂交育种、杂交辐射诱变育种、引种3种方式。利用小麦90K芯片将新疆春小麦育成种划分为3个类群,显示了各品种之间的亲缘关系。【结论】新疆春小麦育种遗传基础薄弱、遗传多样性逐渐散失,新疆小麦育种应加强资源收集与利用,扩大育种亲本选择,提高品种变异的丰度和广度,以多抗、高产稳产、优质高效的聚合育种,加快新品种选育进程,提高育种效率。     

烤烟钾素营养及提钾技术研究进展

钾素对烟草的生长发育、产量和品质以及卷烟制品的安全性都具有重要的作用。从烤烟钾素生理、影响含钾量的主要因素、提高含钾量途径等方面进行了综述,并提出了今后应注意的研究方向。     

氮、磷、钾对灯盏花生长发育及光合色素含量的影响

研究从氮、磷、钾不同水平对灯盏花生长发育和光合色素含量的影响,探讨灯盏花的营养特点。结果表明:氮、磷、钾对灯盏花的生长发育的影响是不同的,其中氮对营养生长的影响最大,磷对植株的花期有较大影响,钾可明显促进根的生长。适宜的氮、磷、钾水平有利于灯盏花植株的旺盛生长和生物量的增加,过高过低都会影响其正常生长。合适的供氮水平可提高光合色素的含量,促进植株生长。     

N·K营养与N·K平衡对烤烟野火病发生的影响

研究了云南中部地区烤烟中部叶片旺长后期(移栽后70～75 d)N、K营养及N、K平衡对田间烤烟野火病发生的影响.结果表明:N含量高时(N＞4%),病害发生严重,但发病严重程度取决于K的含量,K素过高和过低都增加了烤烟的感病率;K含量过低(K＜2%),会降低烤烟的抗病性;烟叶N/K比失调,会影响烟株的生长发育,使烤烟对病害的抵抗能力降低.     

新疆奶花芸豆立枯丝核菌菌丝融合群及其致病性研究

从新疆奶花芸豆主产区采集的奶花芸豆立枯病、根腐病、茎腐病病苗及土样中分离得到85个丝核菌(Rhizoctonia DC)菌株,经鉴定均为立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn).对85个立枯丝核菌菌株进行的菌丝融合群判定和致病性测定结果表明,在新疆对奶花芸豆造成侵染为害的立枯丝核菌菌丝融合群有AG1、AG2、AG4、AG5,其出现频率分别为16.5;、34.1;、29.4;和20.0;;各融合群对奶花芸豆苗期致病性存在一定差异;在4个融合群中,以AG2分布最广,致病性最强.试验对奶花芸豆立枯丝核菌的菌丝融合群组成,及各融合群对奶花芸豆的致病性进行了研究.     

北京市平谷区农田土壤养分评价与变化特征

2005年平谷区农田耕层土壤养分分析结果表明,全区耕层土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾的平均含量分别为14.51g/kg、0.89g/kg、32.80mg/kg和136.79mg/kg,有机质和全氮含量总体处于中等水平,速效磷和速效钾含量总体处于高水平。在集中分布区,土壤有机质含量的次数分布曲线近似于呈偏正态分布,全氮近似于呈正态分布,速效磷和速效钾近似于呈偏态分布。各养分的变异程度由小到大依次为有机质、全氮、速效钾、速效磷。与1980年全国第二次土壤普查平谷区养分含量结果相比,全区农田土壤有机质含量增加了21.8%,全氮含量增加了17.1%,速效磷含量增加了246.0%,速效钾含量下降了8.1%。     

提高红曲霉发酵产品Monacolin K含量的研究

采用物理、化学及生物的方法均能有效提高红曲产品Monacolin K的含量。其中,UV和LiCl复合诱变Monascus purpureusZZ红曲菌,获得Monacolin K的含量比对照高3倍,其诱变和原始出发株的液体摇瓶发酵单位分别是219.9μg/mL和65.4μg/mL;采用优质大米培养基质及优化发酵培养条件使其Monascus purpureusGX红曲菌发酵的红曲米Monacolin K含量高达14.54 mg/g,比对照2.65 mg/g提高近6倍;尤其在红曲培养过程中添加真菌激发子,一种担子菌的无性型液体发酵物Hxa能明显提高Monascus purpureusZZ液态及固态发酵产品Monacolin K含量达1330.4μg/mL和34.99 mg/g,分别为原始出发株65.4μg/mL和2.48 mg/g的20倍和17倍。     

钾、锌肥与氮肥配施对油菜体内硝酸盐累积的影响

:采用盆栽试验方法探讨了钾、锌肥与氮肥配施对不同生育期油菜体内硝酸盐累积量及与其相关的硝酸还原酶 (NR)活性的影响。结果表明 ,施氮肥是使硝酸盐含量明显增加的主要原因 ,适量氮、钾、锌肥配施能明显提高油菜体内NR活性和显著降低其硝酸盐累积 ,油菜体内硝酸盐含量与NR活性呈显著负相关。在氮肥用量较高时 ,钾肥和锌肥降低油菜体内硝酸盐含量的作用在生长后期尤其明显。