庞泉沟自然保护区优势种种群竞争关系及其动态预测

利用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型对庞泉沟自然保护区优势种群的种内、种间竞争关系进行了定量分析。结果表明:种内和种间竞争强度随着林木径级的增大而逐渐减小,种内竞争较之与其伴生树种间的竞争剧烈。华北落叶松种内、种间竞争强度大小顺序为:种内>云杉>红桦>白桦>关帝柳>花楸>山杨。竞争强度与对象木胸径之间存在显著的幂函数非线性回归关系,回归结果与林分实际相符,从而为庞泉沟自然保护区混交林理论研究和合理经营提供了科学依据。     

铁皮石斛的挂篮仿生栽培模式

文章比较分析不同苗龄和光照强度条件下铁皮石斛(Dendrobium candidum)挂篮培育的生长变化,以筛选铁皮石斛挂篮培育的最佳条件.结果表明,利用铁皮石斛0.5 a生驯化苗在疏林下(郁闭度50%~85%)进行挂篮培育,成活率为100%,生长状况最好,基部芽健壮,平均数量为7.3个,并且没有高位芽长出.研究建立了铁皮石斛人工仿生栽培模式.     

间伐对杉木人工林土壤酶活性及微生物的影响

[目的]研究间伐对杉木人工林土壤微生物数量、酶活性及关系的影响,试图了解不同间伐强度作用下土壤恢复的过程和机制,为人工林经营提供理论依据。[方法]以18年生杉木人工林为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,分析4种间伐强度TS0(未间伐(0.0%),1 800株·hm-2)、TS1(轻度(16.7%),1 500株·hm-2)、TS2(中度(33.3%),1 200株·hm-2)和TS3(重度(50.0%),900株·hm-2)下杉木人工林土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性特点,探讨土壤微生物数量与酶活性的相关性。[结果]表明:间伐3年后,林下土壤层酶活性和微生物数量显著提高,不同土层间土壤微生物数量和酶活性均差异显著;间伐显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性,除过氧化氢酶(15 30、30 45 cm)、碱性磷酸酶(0 15、30 45 cm)以及脲酶(30 45 cm)以TS3处理的酶活性最高外,其他酶活性在各土层和不同间伐强度下均以TS2处理的酶活性最高;土壤各层微生物以细菌数量最多,其次是放线菌,硝化细菌最少,且TS2处理的微生物数量最多。土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性均与细菌、真菌和硝化细菌数量呈极显著正相关,与放线菌数量呈极显著负相关,氨化细菌数量与过氧化氢酶活性呈负相关,而与脲酶活性呈正相关;碱性磷酸酶活性与细菌、真菌和硝化细菌数量呈正相关,与氨化细菌数量呈极显著负相关,与放线菌数量呈负相关;蔗糖酶活性与细菌、真菌和氨化细菌数量呈极显著正相关,与硝化细菌数量呈正相关,与放线菌数量呈负相关。[结论]间伐改善了林分环境、光照、温度以及林下植被的发育,提高了林下土壤酶活性并增加了微生物数量。间伐3年后的综合表现表明,中度间伐最利于杉木人工中、近熟林阶段的经营,对于改善土壤性质较好。     

格氏栲种群生态学研究Ⅶ.格氏栲种群分布格局的强度与纹理分析

前人都是采用样方方法对格氏栲种群数量的空间格局进行测定,而格局分布有可能受样方大小的影响,且分析过程中没有涉及聚块间密度差的问题,因而无法掌握种群的聚块大小差别及聚块内个体间的离散程度．本研究采用无样方距离法,测定不同生境的格氏栲种群空间格局,分析格氏栲种群格局的强度和纹理．强度以聚块和间隙的密度差来定义,纹理则是体现聚块内个体间的离散程度与诸聚块间的分离程度．测定结果表明,格氏栲种群格局强度从高到低排列次序为：木姜子＞蚊母树＞冬青＞茜草树＞格氏栲＞米槠＞虎皮楠＞木荷;格局纹理从粗到细的顺序是：木荷＝木姜子＞茜草树＞格氏栲＝冬青＞米槠＞蚊母树＞虎皮楠．这一测定结果与作者采用聚集度指标测定相同样地格氏栲种群空间格局的结果基本相符．因此,格氏栲空间格局类型及分布与格氏栲生物学特性及生境的关系密切     

Short-term effects of fire on soil properties inPinus densiflora stands

This study was performed to investigate a short time change (one week after fire) on soil properties due to the fire inPinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc stands of the Kosung area in Kangwon Province in Korea. Twenty seven sampling plots [16 burned (8 low intensity fire, 8 high intensity fire) and 11 unburned plots] were chosen. Mineral soil samples from three depths (0–5, 5–15, and 15–25 cm) under the forest floor were collected. Forest fire in the area affected soil chemical properties. Soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the surface soil (0–5 cm) of the burned area compared with the unburned area increased, but there was no marked change in the subsurface soil (5–25 cm). Organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable cations in the surface soil were generally lower in the high than in the low intensity fire areas. This indicates that these nutrients on the high intensity fire may be volatilized. The results suggest that change in soil chemical properties in the area was restricted mainly to the surface soil and was different between the high and the low intensity fire types.     

不同立地及间伐强度对杉木人工林生长的影响

为探明不同立地及间伐强度对杉木人工林生长影响,在浙江庆元林场3个林区分别开展了不同间伐强度(10%～15%、16%～30%、31%～40%)对杉木（隆宫林区杉木19年生,卢峰和白领头两个林区20年生）人工林生长影响的研究。结果表明：间伐3 a后,隆宫和卢峰林区胸径、单株材积都随间伐强度加大而增加,3个林区16%～30%和31%～40%间伐强度胸径平均连年生长量、单株材积平均连年生长量都要显著高于10%～15%间伐强度,而16%～30%和31%～40%间伐强度之间差异不显著,相同林区不同间伐强度的树高平均连年生长量差异都不显著,3个林区31%～40%间伐强度的平均林分蓄积都较小,隆宫和白领头林区不同间伐强度的林分蓄积平均连年生长量之间都存在显著差异,卢峰林区16%～30%和31%～40%间伐强度林分蓄积平均连年生长量之间差异不显著,但都显著高于10%～15%间伐强度。本研究通过综合林分因子分析得出隆宫和白领头林区的最佳间伐强度16%～30%,而卢峰林区的最佳间伐强度为31%～40%。     

中华稻蝗卵滞育的消除及滞育强度的可逆性

主要探讨了连续温度及波动温度对中华稻蝗卵维持和消除滞育的影响.结果表明:未经低温处理的中华稻蝗卵,在20、25℃的温度条件下,62%左右的卵进入了滞育,而在30℃的温度条件下,虽然累计孵化率达74%,但孵化断断续续很不整齐;低温对中华稻蝗卵滞育的消除效果明显,消除滞育的低温处理期间需40 d以上;从低温转移到高温条件后,高温有降低中华稻蝗卵滞育强度、促进中华稻蝗卵滞育消除的作用;8、2 5℃交替温度处理,中华稻蝗卵滞育的强度出现可逆变化,这种可逆性变化,对于卵块维持滞育、抑制秋季或冬季的发育、保证越冬卵的安全越冬具有重要的适应意义.     

福建柏人工林不同间伐强度效应试验

通过对福建省永春大荣国有林场16年生福建柏人工林进行间伐强度效应试验,结果表明:强度间伐对胸径和单株材积生长效应最佳,弱度间伐后的蓄积量最大;不同间伐强度对树高生长、单位面积蓄积量及林分总收获量无显著影响。     

不同光照和土壤水分对3种龙脑香科植物种子发芽的影响

2007和2008连续两年的1月、10月,分别采集云南龙脑香科的东京龙脑香、望天树、狭叶坡垒的种子,将种子在不同光照(20%、40%、60%和80%)和不同土壤水分(土壤含水量20%、40%、60%和80%)条件下进行种子萌发试验,研究不同光照和土壤水分对3种植物种子发芽率和苗木生长的影响。结果表明,龙脑香科植物种子发芽率在光照强度为20%、40%时较高,80%时较低;种子发芽率在土壤含水率60%时较高,80%和20%均较低;在同等条件下,狭叶坡垒种子发芽率最高,最高时可达88%,东京龙脑香种子发芽率最低,最低时仅为9%;在相同条件下,3种云南龙脑香科植物苗木生长最快的为狭叶坡垒,15个月苗龄苗高为86 cm,地径达1.23 cm。     

Development of stump suckers by betula pubescens at different light intensities

Young trees (4–5 year old) of Betula pubescens Ehrh. growing in a stand in the middle of Sweden (lat. 60°15'N) were cut in early June to stump heights of 0 and 10 cm. The birch stumps were exposed to different relative light intensities (100, 50, 25 and 10%) for 100 days until mid September. Five stumps per treatment were used in a randomized complete block with seven blocks on mesic dwarf‐shrub type with low herbs and three blocks on moist dwarf‐shrub type. The number of sprouting stumps was correlated with relative light intensity and forest type. 2.5 % of the stumps of mesic and 14 % of moist forest type did not produce suckers. On mesic forest type, 7% of the stumps exposed to 10% light did not sprout compared with 1.4, 3.0 and 0% at 25, 50 and 100% light, respectively. At stump height 0 cm fewer sprouting stumps were produced than at 10 cm. The mean height of suckers was significantly lower at 10% light intensity than at other levels. The number of suckers per sprouting stump was not related to light intensity but to forest type. More suckers were produced on mesic than on moist forest type. The dry weight of suckers was significantly lower at 10 and 25% relative light intensity than at 50 and 100%. On moist forest type, the dry weight of suckers was lower than on mesic forest type.