尾叶桉地径与胸径、树高、材积相关性分析

【目的】建立尾叶桉地径与胸径、树高、材积的数学模型,为利用地径测算林木立木材积提供测算方法。【方法】实测148株尾叶桉立木的地径、胸径和树高,运用SPSS软件建立尾叶桉地径与胸径、树高、材积的回归模型,进行选优和适应性检验。【结果】研究区尾叶桉地径—胸径、地径—树高、地径—材积最优模型分别为D1.3=0.857D0-0.539、H=0.966D01.048、V=0.0000481D02.749,尾叶桉地径与胸径、树高、材积均显著相关。地径—胸径模型适应性检验的总相对误差为-1.14%、平均相对误差为1.29%,精度为98.46%;地径—树高模型适应性检验的总相对误差为13.07%、平均相对误差为-14.32%,精度为94.88%;地径—材积模型适应性检验的总相对误差、平均相对误差分别为-3.87%、1.69%,精度为94.70%。【结论】选出尾叶桉地径与胸径、树高、材积的3个最优回归模型,其中地径—树高模型总相对误差和平均相对误差过大,不提倡以尾叶桉地径直接估算树高;地径—胸径、地径—材积模型预测误差均在±5%以内,方程预测精度较高,可以用于估算立木材积。     

Canine mammary gland tumours; a histological continuum from benign to malignant; clinical and histopathological evidence*

This study describes the clinical and histopathological findings in dogs with mammary gland tumours, and compares the histopathological and clinical evidence consistent with progression from benign to malignant to human breast cancer epidemiology. Clinical and histopathological data on 90 female dogs with 236 tumours was included. Dogs with malignant tumours were significantly older than dogs with benign tumours (9.5 versus 8.5 years), P = 0.009. Malignant tumours were significantly larger than benign tumours (4.7 versus 2.1 cm), P = 0.0002. Sixty‐six percent had more than one tumour, and evidence of histological progression was noted with increasing tumour size. Dogs with malignant tumours were significantly more likely to develop new primary tumours than dogs with benign tumours, P = 0.015. These findings suggest that canine mammary tumours progress from benign to malignant; malignant tumours may be the end stage of a histological continuum with clinical and histopathological similarities to human breast carcinogenesis.     

帽儿山地区次生林椴树单木胸高断面积生长模型的研究

应用帽儿山天然次生林区不同林分条件下选设的20块椴树（Tilia amurensis）固定样地的解析木调查资料,分析多个单木竞争指标与对象木胸高断面积定期生长量的相关关系,在椴树单木胸高断面积生长模型中引入林木自身大小、单木竞争指标和立地因子,应用回归分析法建立帽儿山地区天然次生椴树单木胸高断面积生长模型。研究表明：天然次生林下椴树的胸高断面积定期生长量与对象木相对直径（RD）和竞争压力指数（SCI）等指标存在比较明显的相关关系。应用主分量线性组合的方法构造的综合竞争指标（MCI）包含了各竞争指标与胸高断面积生长量之间的绝大部分的相关信息,可以作为竞争指标应用于单木胸高断面积生长模型。     

Relationships of culm surface area to other culm dimensions for bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens

We determine the relationships of culm surface area to other culm dimensions for one of the largest bamboo species, Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houzeau de Lehaie. A total number of 150 sample culms were collected from a stand of P. pubescens in Mt. Toshima, Kumamoto Prefecture, western Japan. The culm surface area for each sample was calculated, and then the relationships of the culm surface area to basal area and product of diameter at breast height (dbh) and culm height were analyzed. The relationship between culm surface area and basal area could be described successfully by the power equation, whereas there was a linear relationship of culm surface area to product of dbh and height. Although the regression equations determined here would be useful in estimating culm surface area of P. pubescens, it is necessary to select an appropriate equation depending on the purpose and available time and labor.     

Subereamolline A as a Potent Breast Cancer Migration, Invasion and Proliferation Inhibitor and Bioactive Dibrominated Alkaloids from the Red Sea Sponge Pseudoceratina arabica

A new collection of several Red Sea sponges was investigated for the discovery of potential breast cancer migration inhibitors. Extracts of the Verongid sponges Pseudoceratina arabica and Suberea mollis were selected. Bioassay-directed fractionation of both sponges, using the wound-healing assay, resulted into the isolation of several new and known brominated alkaloids. Active fractions of the sponge Pseudoceratina arabica afforded five new alkaloids, ceratinines A–E (2–6), together with the known alkaloids moloka’iamine (1), hydroxymoloka’iamine (7) and moloka’iakitamide (8). The active fraction of the sponge Suberea mollis afforded the three known alkaloids subereamolline A (9), aerothionin (10) and homoaerothionin (11). Ceratinine B (3) possesses an unprecedented 5,7-dibrominated dihydroindole moiety with an epoxy ring on the side chain of a fully substituted aromatic moiety. Ceratinines D (5) and E (6) possess a terminal formamide moiety at the ethylamine side chain. Subereamolline A (9) potently inhibited the migration and invasion of the highly metastatic human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 at the nanomolar doses. Subereamolline A and related brominated alkaloids are novel scaffolds appropriate for further future use for the control of metastatic breast cancer.     

人乳腺癌细胞、结肠癌细胞和宫颈癌细胞生长曲线测定

为检测比较人乳腺细胞(MDA-MB-231、MCF-7、HBL-100)、人结肠癌细胞(HCT-8)和人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)生长曲线的差异性.本实验首先常规培养MDA-MB-231、MCF-7、HBL-100、HCT-8和HeLa细胞,然后应用MTT方法测定这几种细胞的生长曲线.在本实验条件下,这几种细胞生长速度从高...     

基于三维激光点云的树木胸径自动提取方法

胸径是评价林木生长状况的重要参数之一。针对接触式人工测量自动化程度低和基于点云的现有算法提取树木胸径精度不高的问题,提出一种基于点云数据的自动准确获取树木胸径的新方法。该方法以树木点云数据为基础,运用蚁群算法和B样条曲线拟合技术,实现树木胸径的自动准确提取。对实验区树木测量计算,结果表明,利用该方法提取树木胸径的均方根误差为±0.19 cm,平均绝对误差为0.15 cm,相对于基于点云的传统算法提取精度分别提高了50%和60.7%。该方法基于高精度点云数据,实现了树木胸径的无损自动提取,在精准林业领域具有推广价值。     

肉仔鸡卫星细胞氧化应激时MAPK信号通路

 【目的】在地塞米松(DEX)诱导骨骼肌卫星细胞氧化应激的体外条件下,筛选丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)信号系统中起关键作用的信号通路。【方法】 将体外培养的肉仔鸡胸肌骨骼肌卫星细胞(SCs)分别进行处理：Ⅰ、对照组;Ⅱ、DEX;Ⅲ、p38 MAPK抑制剂;Ⅳ、DEX+p38 MAPK抑制剂;Ⅴ、JNK抑制剂;Ⅵ、DEX+JNK抑制剂;Ⅶ、ERK5抑制剂;Ⅷ、DEX+ERK5抑制剂;Ⅸ、ERK1/2抑制剂;Ⅹ、DEX+ERK 1/2抑制剂。除处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ外,其它处理首先用抑制剂预处理30 min,弃去培养基后,再按处理设置分别加入含DEX的培养基或者正常培养基继续处理24 h。处理结束后,分别测定细胞培养液中丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧自由基(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽硫转酶(GST)含量或活性;同时采用RT-PCR方法检测通路蛋白及SOD与GST基因表达量。【结果】 抑制剂单独处理组MDA和ROS的产生量显著低于DEX处理(P＜0.05);DEX+ERK5抑制剂处理与DEX+ERK 1/2抑制剂处理的MDA和ROS产生量显著高于ERK 5抑制剂处理和ERK1/2抑制剂处理(P＜0.05); DEX+p38 MAPK抑制剂处理与 DEX+JNK抑制剂处理组的MDA和ROS产生量与p38 MAPK处理和JNK处理的差异不显著(P＞0.05)。抑制剂单独处理组的SOD和GST活性比DEX处理高(P＜0.01);DEX+ERK5抑制剂处理与 DEX+ERK 1/2抑制剂处理的SOD和GST活性极显著低于ERK5抑制剂处理组和ERK1/2抑制剂处理组(P＜0.01),DEX+p38 MAPK抑制剂处理与DEX+JNK抑制剂处理的SOD和GST活性与p38 MAPK抑制剂处理和 JNK抑制剂处理的差异不显著(P＞0.05)。基因表达结果表明,DEX能够抑制GST和SOD基因的表达,抑制率达37%以上。与抑制ERK5和ERK1/2通路不同,抑制p38 MAPK和JNK通路后,DEX对GST和SOD基因的表达无明显抑制作用。【结论】 在DEX诱导的肉仔鸡胸肌骨骼肌SCs产生的氧化应激过程中,p38 MAPK和JNK通路起着关键作用。     

江淮地区中林系列杨树适生品种选择试验

江淮地区中林系列杨树适生品种选择试验结果表明,不同杨树品种间胸径与高生长差异显著;中林系列杨各品种间,除中林46杨外,树高生长差异不显著;107杨后期生长快,其胸径与材积生长量分别为其他品种的142.37%、220.00%;江淮地区造林应首选南林351杨等南方杨树品种,107杨可适当引种,用于多品系配置。     

Retention of native vegetation within the plantation matrix improves its conservation value for a generalist woodpecker

The suitability of plantation monocultures for the conservation of forest animals is an issue under continous debate. The adaptability of forest dwellers and the forest management regime seem to play key roles. In this study, I investigated the habitat selection of a generalist bird, the great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), within a pine (Pine spp.) monoculture, as well as the importance of the native habitat features within the pine matrix for the species’ conservation. I compared 52 plots with woodpecker presence against 121 plots where the species was absent, as well as 68 nest-trees against 90 random ones. Regression analyses were used to investigate the habitat attributes involved in the habitat selection. Although the great spotted woodpecker is considered a generalist forest dweller, it shows a marked habitat selection. Based on presence/absence records, the woodpecker prefers well-forested patches with high levels of tree diversity and with good coverage of a secondary species such as the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo). To excavate their nests, woodpeckers select large trees in patches where other trees are also larger, rejecting patches with a high number of small trees. The most striking conclusion from this work is the preference shown for native trees, especially Portuguese oaks (Quercus faginea), as nest-trees. This is noteworthy because native trees are smaller and they are surrounded by smaller trees than pines. These findings support that woodpecker conservation benefits from an increase of habitat heterogeneity, particularly by the retention of native woodland patches within the plantation matrix.