低聚原花色素对高温环境下肉鸡抗氧化酶及胸肌品质的影响

作者旨在研究低聚原花色素（oligomeric proanthocyanidins,OPC）对夏季肉鸡体内抗氧化酶及胸肌品质的影响。将144只28日龄的AA肉用公鸡分为4个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡。分别饲喂含0、50、100、200 mg/kg OPC的4种日粮,饲养于7月中旬高温季节,试验持续3周。研究结果发现,100、200 mg/kg OPC显著提高肉鸡血清、肝脏中的SOD、GSH-Px酶活性（P<0.05）,但对CAT酶无显著影响。100、200 mg/kg OPC显著降低血清CK酶的活性（P<0.05）,50 mg/kg以上OPC显著降低血清、肝脏中的MDA含量（P<0.05）,同时200 mg/kg OPC显著提高肉鸡胸肌pH_i,100、200 mg/kg OPC显著降低胸肌L*值、滴水损失和剪切力值（P<0.05）,不同剂量OPC对pH_u、肉色a*值和b*值的影响未达到显著水平。研究结果表明,低聚原花色素可上调肉鸡体内的抗氧化酶,降低体内脂质过氧化物的含量,维持肌纤维膜的完整性。这种作用可能与二氢杨梅素改善胸肌肉色、滴水损失和嫩度有关。     

A Marine λ-Oligocarrageenan Inhibits Migratory and Invasive Ability of MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells through Actions on Heparanase Metabolism and MMP-14/MMP-2 Axis

Sugar-based molecules such as heparins or natural heparan sulfate polysaccharides have been developed and widely studied for controlling heparanase (HPSE) enzymatic activity, a key player in extracellular matrix remodelling during cancer pathogenesis. However, non-enzymatic functions of HPSE have also been described in tumour mechanisms. Given their versatile properties, we hypothesized that sugar-based inhibitors may interfere with enzymatic but also non-enzymatic HPSE activities. In this work, we assessed the effects of an original marine λ-carrageenan derived oligosaccharide (λ-CO) we previously described, along with those of its native counterpart and heparins, on cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells but also of sh-MDA-MB-231 cells, in which the expression of HPSE was selectively downregulated. We observed no cytotoxic and no anti-proliferative effects of our compounds but surprisingly λ-CO was the most efficient to reduce cell migration and invasion compared with heparins, and in a HPSE-dependent manner. We provided evidence that λ-CO tightly controlled a HPSE/MMP-14/MMP-2 axis, leading to reduced MMP-2 activity. Altogether, this study highlights λ-CO as a potent HPSE “modulator” capable of reducing not only the enzymatic activity of HPSE but also the functions controlled by the HPSE levels.     

乳腺癌(乳岩)古今文献用药规律数据挖掘

目的 为全面系统地了解古今中医文献中乳腺癌（乳岩）的用药规律,总结有效治疗措施指导临床实践。方法 将相关中医文献经过数据整理后建立乳腺癌文献信息标准数据库集,并在数据整理的基础上采用Clementine 12.0进行用药关联规则分析,得出古今中医文献中关于乳腺癌的用药规律,并运用SPSS 19.0进行文献中所用药物的使用频数/频率进行聚类分析。结果 治疗乳腺癌出现频次排名前五的药物类别由多到少依次为理气药 > 活血药 > 补阳药 > 滋阴药 > 化痰药。理气药常与活血药、补阳药、滋阴药、化痰药合用。结论 乳腺癌治疗以理气化瘀药为主,联合应用化痰药、补阳药、滋阴药的用药规律切合临床实际,值得推广应用。     

温热环境对肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生的影响

为探讨不同温热环境对肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生的影响,该试验研究了生产实际中夏季和秋季的鸡舍环境温湿指数（THI）、温度和相对湿度（RH）的变化以及对肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生率的影响。结果表明,夏季鸡舍环境中平均THI、温度和RH均高于秋季,尤其在肉仔鸡6周龄时夏季比秋季THI、最高平均温度和RH分别高4.3、7.3℃和13%。而肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生率夏季低于秋季,5、6周龄分别下降21.56%和40.22%。夏季和秋季不同的温热环境中,肉仔鸡血液的抗氧化能力发生了显著的变化,血清总抗氧化力（T-AOC）夏季显著大于秋季,丙二醛（MDA）含量则相反,秋季显著大于夏季。因此,本研究表明了高温环境可使肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生率降低,并且,可能与抗氧化能力的提高有关。     

Canine mammary gland tumours; a histological continuum from benign to malignant; clinical and histopathological evidence*

This study describes the clinical and histopathological findings in dogs with mammary gland tumours, and compares the histopathological and clinical evidence consistent with progression from benign to malignant to human breast cancer epidemiology. Clinical and histopathological data on 90 female dogs with 236 tumours was included. Dogs with malignant tumours were significantly older than dogs with benign tumours (9.5 versus 8.5 years), P = 0.009. Malignant tumours were significantly larger than benign tumours (4.7 versus 2.1 cm), P = 0.0002. Sixty‐six percent had more than one tumour, and evidence of histological progression was noted with increasing tumour size. Dogs with malignant tumours were significantly more likely to develop new primary tumours than dogs with benign tumours, P = 0.015. These findings suggest that canine mammary tumours progress from benign to malignant; malignant tumours may be the end stage of a histological continuum with clinical and histopathological similarities to human breast carcinogenesis.     

笼养条件下固始鸡与安卡红杂交F2代胸囊肿发生率的分析

以固始鸡与安卡红鸡杂交F2代资源群体为对象,研究了肉鸡性别、家系、正反交、体重、内脏器官重对肉鸡胸囊肿发生的影响.结果发现家系及体重对胸囊肿发生率的影响达极显著水平;公鸡胸囊肿的发生率显著高于母鸡;胸囊肿发生鸡群的肝脏重和脾脏重分别显著和极显著地大于正常鸡群,而正反交、心重、胰腺重和心脏比率、脾脏比率、胰腺比率与胸囊肿发生的相关性不明显.由此可见,鸡胸囊肿的发生在很大程度上受遗传因素的影响.     

帽儿山地区次生林椴树单木胸高断面积生长模型的研究

应用帽儿山天然次生林区不同林分条件下选设的20块椴树（Tilia amurensis）固定样地的解析木调查资料,分析多个单木竞争指标与对象木胸高断面积定期生长量的相关关系,在椴树单木胸高断面积生长模型中引入林木自身大小、单木竞争指标和立地因子,应用回归分析法建立帽儿山地区天然次生椴树单木胸高断面积生长模型。研究表明：天然次生林下椴树的胸高断面积定期生长量与对象木相对直径（RD）和竞争压力指数（SCI）等指标存在比较明显的相关关系。应用主分量线性组合的方法构造的综合竞争指标（MCI）包含了各竞争指标与胸高断面积生长量之间的绝大部分的相关信息,可以作为竞争指标应用于单木胸高断面积生长模型。     

Relationships of culm surface area to other culm dimensions for bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens

We determine the relationships of culm surface area to other culm dimensions for one of the largest bamboo species, Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houzeau de Lehaie. A total number of 150 sample culms were collected from a stand of P. pubescens in Mt. Toshima, Kumamoto Prefecture, western Japan. The culm surface area for each sample was calculated, and then the relationships of the culm surface area to basal area and product of diameter at breast height (dbh) and culm height were analyzed. The relationship between culm surface area and basal area could be described successfully by the power equation, whereas there was a linear relationship of culm surface area to product of dbh and height. Although the regression equations determined here would be useful in estimating culm surface area of P. pubescens, it is necessary to select an appropriate equation depending on the purpose and available time and labor.     

Subereamolline A as a Potent Breast Cancer Migration, Invasion and Proliferation Inhibitor and Bioactive Dibrominated Alkaloids from the Red Sea Sponge Pseudoceratina arabica

A new collection of several Red Sea sponges was investigated for the discovery of potential breast cancer migration inhibitors. Extracts of the Verongid sponges Pseudoceratina arabica and Suberea mollis were selected. Bioassay-directed fractionation of both sponges, using the wound-healing assay, resulted into the isolation of several new and known brominated alkaloids. Active fractions of the sponge Pseudoceratina arabica afforded five new alkaloids, ceratinines A–E (2–6), together with the known alkaloids moloka’iamine (1), hydroxymoloka’iamine (7) and moloka’iakitamide (8). The active fraction of the sponge Suberea mollis afforded the three known alkaloids subereamolline A (9), aerothionin (10) and homoaerothionin (11). Ceratinine B (3) possesses an unprecedented 5,7-dibrominated dihydroindole moiety with an epoxy ring on the side chain of a fully substituted aromatic moiety. Ceratinines D (5) and E (6) possess a terminal formamide moiety at the ethylamine side chain. Subereamolline A (9) potently inhibited the migration and invasion of the highly metastatic human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 at the nanomolar doses. Subereamolline A and related brominated alkaloids are novel scaffolds appropriate for further future use for the control of metastatic breast cancer.     

人乳腺癌细胞、结肠癌细胞和宫颈癌细胞生长曲线测定

为检测比较人乳腺细胞(MDA-MB-231、MCF-7、HBL-100)、人结肠癌细胞(HCT-8)和人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)生长曲线的差异性.本实验首先常规培养MDA-MB-231、MCF-7、HBL-100、HCT-8和HeLa细胞,然后应用MTT方法测定这几种细胞的生长曲线.在本实验条件下,这几种细胞生长速度从高...