Effect of cutting height and frequency on Leucaena leucocephala forage and wood production

Abstract

Leucaena leucocephala is a fast‐growing tree that can provide both high quality forage and firewood. The objective of this trial was to determine the optimum height and frequency of cutting for both wood and forage production. Cutting heights at 0.3 m, 0.6 m and 1.0 m were superimposed on 3‐month and 6‐month cutting frequencies on mature rows of L. leucocephala for three years. Effects of year or its interaction with the other factors were not significant (P≥0.10). There was an increase (P=0.07) in wood production but not forage production (P≥0.10) with the longer interval. Cutting height had an effect on forage (P<0.001) production, with 5.47 t ha^?1 a^?1 for the 0.3‐m height, 7.62 t ha^?1 a^?1 for the 0.7‐m height, and 8.71 t ha^?1 a^?1 for the 1.0‐m height. Cutting height also had an effect on wood production (P<0.001), with 7.22 t hd^?1 a^?1 for the 0.3‐m height, 9.33 t ha^?1 a^?1 for the 0.7‐mheight, and 11.55 t hd^?1 a^?1 for the 1.0‐m height. In this experiment, the six‐month interval produced more wood than the three‐month interval, but there were no differences in quantity of forage dry matter in L. leucocephala; there were advantages in both wood and forage production with the taller trunk base.     

西藏农田新农药对比试验初探

为了比较和鉴定近年来引进的新型农药的药效,为我区大田推广提供可靠的科学依据,特进行新型农药的药效对比试验,试验证明,麦田防除阉叶草试验中：2．4-D丁酯、麦草灵这二种农药的表现较为突出;油菜防除蚜虫试验中“乐斯本”效果最邓;高盖”对于双子叶作物田防治单子叶杂草具有十分良好的作用。     

人工降雨条件下东北典型黑土侵蚀因子K值研究

运用人工降雨观测资料,研究了中国东北地区典型黑土的土壤可蚀性值问题。研究结果表明：5min、l0min、15min、20min内最大降雨强度和降雨动能的乘积与土壤侵蚀量之间有良好的线性关系。经回归分析后发现,5min最大降雨强度和降雨动能乘积于土壤侵蚀值间相关系数最大,达到0.8170。依据这一研究结果,综合多次模拟降雨过程得出中国东北地区典型黑土可蚀性K值为0.0371。     

科尔沁沙地针叶树造林技术研究

研究认为科尔沁沙地针对树育苗适于排水良好的沙质、中性或微酸性土壤，pH值为6．5－7．0，不超过7．5，粘重土质或pH值超过7．5都不适宜。圃地使用草炭或河泥改良土,针叶树苗期管理的重点是防治立枯病；留床切根育苗可提高苗木质量，降低育苗成本；提高针叶树造林成活率的关键是使苗木根系保持湿润，不被风干。采用容器苗造林可以提高造林成活率；幼树越冬，埋上防寒，可提高幼林保存率10％左右。引种针叶树，增加新造林树种，提高针叶树造林技术，改善樟子松林的生长状况，防治枯梢病等对加强科尔沁沙地造林具有重要意义。     

海南小黄姜脱毒快繁技术研究

以海南小黄姜茎尖为材料,进行组培脱毒及离体快繁技术研究,结果表明,剥离茎尖(0.3～0.5 mm)分生组织培养,能有效脱除生姜烟草花叶病毒和黄瓜花叶病毒。筛选出适合丛生芽分化的培养基配方(MS＋6-BA3.0 mg/L＋NAA0.1 mg/L),实现了生姜增殖与生根诱导同步,增殖系数为8,将试管苗移栽到沙土＋椰糠1:1的混合基质中炼苗,成活率最高为92%。     

三江并流区土壤氧化铁及其发生学意义研究

采集云南省西部怒江、澜沧江、金沙江三江并流区8种不同类型土壤,进行土壤氧化铁及其发生学意义研究。结果表明,发育于第三纪古红土和玄武岩母质上的土壤全铁含量较高,铁游离度较低,活性铁和铁活化度也较低。不同类型土壤全铁含量由低到高依次为：高山草甸土〈紫色土〈黄棕壤〈棕色针叶林土〈棕壤〈红壤〈石灰土〈暗棕壤。棕壤、石灰土的土壤铁富集明显,处于富铁化阶段;红壤、紫色土、黄棕壤的土壤铝富集超过铁,铁的游离度很高,已进入富铝化阶段;暗棕壤、棕色针叶林土、高山草甸土的土壤风化发育尚停留在脱盐基的硅铝化阶段。     

豫西黄土高原主要造林树种VA菌根真菌研究

对豫西黄土高原主要造林树种毛白杨、榆树、泡桐、刺槐、柳树、臭椿等根际土VA菌根真菌进行了鉴定,共鉴定出VA菌根真菌9种:沙漠球囊霉(G lom us desertico la)、缩球囊霉(G.constric-tum)、苏格兰球囊霉(G.caledon ium)、摩西球囊霉(G.m osseae)、地球囊霉(G.geospora)、单孢球囊霉(G.m onosporum)、透光球囊霉(G.d iaphanum)微丛球囊霉(G.m icroaggregatum)和网纹盾巨孢囊霉(Scutellospora reticu lata),其中缩球囊霉是优势种。描述了种的形态学特征,并对其分布规律进行了初步探讨。     

CPPU对猕猴桃种子发芽的影响

用植物生长调节剂CPPU对猕猴桃种子进行浸种处理,处理浓度分别为0、25、50、75、100mg/L,处理时间分别为12、24、48h,然后置于25℃恒温条件下,调查供试种子的发芽率和发芽势。结果表明,不同浓度的CPPU经不同时间处理对打破猕猴桃种子休眠均有效果,浓度为75mg/L的CPPU处理48h对打破猕猴桃种子休眠的效果极显著优于其他处理,100mg/L的CPPU处理24h对供试材料发芽率的影响也极显著高于其余处理。试验结果还表明,在低浓度短时间处理的情况下,CPPU对猕猴桃种子发芽的影响虽然极显著优于对照,但显著低于高浓度长时间处理。     

青海湟水流域水资源及水环境

目前，湟水流域水量不足，水质污染，已成为该流域经济发展的制约因素。为此，防治湟水流域水污染，保护水资源，改善水环境，维护流域生态平衡，是我省经济和社会发展中的一项刻不容缓的紧迫任务。     

Tracking the Trade in Ornamental Coral Reef Organisms: The Importance of CITES and its Limitations

The extraction of coral reef organisms for the aquarium and curio trade is reported to be contributing to coral reef degradation. The total international trade and associated impacts are unknown, because data are collected only for organisms listed on Appendix II of CITES, which include stony corals, antipatharians and giant clams. CITES data indicate that trade in live stony coral and reef substrate (live rock) increased by 15–30% each year during the 1990s, with most exports since 1992 from Indonesia and Fiji. Overall, 19% of all stony coral traded (by item) from 1985 to 1997 was live; 71kern-1pt% of this was traded between 1993 and 1997 (52% of total trade). Although tracking trade using information from the CITES Trade Database provides limited information (e.g., coral is reported to genus, and volume is reported by item or weight), the CITES mechanism promotes the development of strategies to protect resources. In response to CITES requirements, Indonesia developed a management plan for sustainable harvest of corals, but not for non-CITES listed species such as soft corals and fishes. Trade in hard and soft coral provides revenue for developing countries; however, in order to be of lasting value the industry must be developed with a conservation ethic. This requires support for international programs such as CITES, management plans for sustainable harvest, and improved enforcement.