单层不等高厂房横向抗震分析

以单层不等高厂房为研究对象,分别采用简化的底部剪力法和精确的振型分解反应谱法对其横向抗震性能进行计算分析。结果表明,采用现行规范中的底部剪力法及相应修正系数、公式,进行不等高厂房横向抗震分析时误差过大,建议采用较为精确的振型分解反应谱法。     

蓖麻株高性状主基因+多基因遗传分析

本研究选用蓖麻YC2×YF1高、矮秆组合的2组6世代群体(P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2),对株高性状进行了主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析。结果表明,蓖麻株高受1对主基因和多基因共同控制。2组群体在B1、B2和F2三个分离世代中主基因遗传率分别为37.05%/49.57%、30.51%/34.48%和43.98%/43.64%;主穗位高和主茎节数均受2对主基因和多基因共同控制,且主基因的互作效应显性效应加性效应。3个分离世代中,2组群体主穗位高主基因遗传率分别为67.91%/92.72%、86.89%/92.13%和60.18%/66.87%,主茎节数主基因遗传率分别为91.83%/91.50%、35.22%/63.37%和85.76%/94.58%。主茎节长由多基因控制,遗传率分别为47.64%/47.64%、38.87%/38.87%和25.25%/52.71%。以上遗传模式决定了蓖麻杂种后代株高、主穗位高和主茎节长的正向超亲遗传,而主茎节数则倾向于低值亲本。因此,主穗位高和主茎节数可以作为株高的早期间接选择指标。     

A genetic linkage map in southern‐by‐spring oat identifies multiple quantitative trait loci for adaptation and rust resistance

We developed 178 recombinant inbred lines from a southern‐by‐spring oat population designated as “TxH.” These lines were genotyped to generate a high‐quality linkage map that resolved 6,902 markers into 21 linkage groups that matched closely with the latest hexaploid oat consensus map. Three major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting heading date were found in locations that are consistent with known QTLs and candidate genes, and two other QTLs affecting heading date were found in novel locations. Five QTLs affecting plant height were found. Both sets of QTLs are responsible for transgressive segregation observed for these two traits. Four QTLs affecting resistance to crown rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, were identified. Two of these QTLs are consistent with known clusters of rust resistance genes, while two may represent new locations of novel rust resistance genes. A complete set of SNP sequences suitable for generating markers for molecular selection is provided.     

矮生性水稻对赤霉素反应的初步研究

 就47个水稻矮秆品种对GA₃的反应进行了研究，结果表明，在籼稻中凡携带有sd-1基因位点的材料其株高对GA₃反应均较敏感，而株高对GA₃反应迟钝甚至无反应者均可推断其携带有与sd-1非等位的矮生基因，这将可作为鉴别sd-1基因位点的一种新的简捷方法；在粳稻中，具有d-47、d-7、d-12、d-13、d-14、d-18^h、d-19、d-30位点的矮秆材料其株高对GA₃反应敏感，而具有d-1、d-2、d-3、d-17和sd-s(t)等13个矮秆基因位点的材料其株高对GA₃反应不敏感：GA₃对各株高构成因素的影响随材料不同而异，但第III、IV节间对GA₃的反应最明显。     

不同株高和抗倒性小麦品种茎秆中几种内含物的差异

为探讨不同株高冬小麦的抗倒性与茎秆内含物的关系,以矮秆抗倒品种(矮抗58、周麦17)、高秆抗倒品种(周麦30、许科1号)、矮秆不抗倒品种(中麦895、新麦18)和高秆不抗倒品种(许科196、烟农999)为试验材料,比较了四种类型小麦茎秆糖、氮、钾等内含物的差异。结果表明,不同抗倒性小麦品种茎秆总糖含量、钾含量和全氮含量随生育时期的变化趋势一致。抗倒品种茎秆具有较高的总糖含量,其积累高峰阶段是拔节至开花期,不抗倒品种茎秆的总糖积累高峰阶段是开花至灌浆期;高秆品种的灌浆期总糖积累量显著高于矮秆品种。抗倒品种灌浆期至成熟期的茎秆钾外运量较低;矮秆品种茎秆钾含量高于高秆品种,但差异不显著。在茎秆生长阶段,不抗倒品种茎秆具有较高氮积累量和外运量,矮秆品种与高秆品种间两个指标均无显著差异。经通径分析,矮秆品种对抗倒性起主要作用的是茎秆全氮含量,高秆品种为茎秆总糖和全钾含量。从几种元素相互比值看,抗倒品种有着较高的碳氮比和碳钾比,氮钾比相对较低;同一抗倒性品种株高间不同元素比值无显著差异。茎秆中各种内含物之间相互影响,直接或间接地作用于茎秆抗倒伏能力,抗倒品种茎秆在生育前期有较高的可溶性总糖积累量、合适的碳氮比和碳钾比,灌浆期以后具有较低的钾外运量,这可能是抗倒伏的原因所在,而株高不是影响倒伏的主要因素,不同株高与品种对茎秆强度的影响因素不尽相同。生产中可以通过调节拔节期追肥改变茎秆中几种内含物比例来改善茎秆抗倒性能。     

水稻株高QTL及其与产量性状和抽穗期关系的研究进展

株高是一个与水稻品种丰产潜力密切相关的重要性状。主效半矮秆基因背景下的水稻株高变异,一般表现为受多基因控制的数量性状。最近的研究表明,已定位的株高QTL分布于水稻的所有12条染色体,其中4个QTL已克隆。克隆研究和QTL初定位结果表明,株高QTL往往存在对产量性状和（或）抽穗期的多效作用,可利用于提高水稻产量潜力。     

Developmental Genetics Analysis for Plant Height in indica Hybrid Rice Across Environments

The developmental genetics of plant height was analyzed from two groups of three-line indica hybrid rice at two environmental conditions based on the NCII design, using the additive-dominant developmental genetics models and the statistic methods. The results showed that the rice genotypes and environmental conditions could both affect plant height, and the effects of environment on plant height decreased gradually with plant development. Additive and dominant effects both governed the performance of plant height at all developmental stages. However, the degrees of effect varied among the rice genotypes. Moreover, the interaction between environments and genotypes also affected plant height. The genetic effects differed at most developmental stages. Furthermore, the expression of additive effect was more active than that of dominant effect. Conditional interaction effects with environment also influenced plant height during genetic development, especially at the early stage. Mid-parent heterosis (HMP) increased gradually with the developmental stage of plant height, and maximized at the latest stage, whereas the heterosis over the better parent (HBP) showed small differences among the genotypes, and kept stable at the later stage, with positive numeric value. At most developmental stages, conditional HMP was positively significant, while conditional HBP was negatively significant. All above results suggest that HMP and HBP have some new expressions in all developmental periods and the levels and directions are quite different.     

烯效唑干粉拌种降低小麦不育系株高的效应

为了加大杂交小麦制种时的父母本株高差异,获得良好的制种效果,用不同剂量的烯效唑干粉和待播不育系种子均匀混合,以探索烯效唑干粉拌种的适宜剂量和不同不育系对烯效唑的敏感性.结果表明,烯效哇干粉拌种可以显著降低小麦不育系的株高,30 mg·kg-1是多数供试不育系的适宜拌种剂量;不同不育系对烯效唑的敏感性有一定差异,在烯效唑用量为20 mg·kg-1时,各不育系的株高降低率差异不显著;在烯效唑用量为30 mg·kg-1和40 mg·kg-1时,各不育系的株高降低率以268S为最高,极显著高于海大S-1和海大S-2,而与2110-2-5-2-5S无显著差异.     

六倍体小黑麦株高形成中内源激素含量的变化

为了解六倍体小黑麦株高形成与内源激素的关系,以六个不同株高的六倍体小黑麦品种（系）为材料,对小黑麦在株高形成时期叶片中内源激素含量的动态变化进行了分析。结果表明,矮秆小黑麦品种的ABA、ZR和GA含量在所调查时期均显著高于高秆品种,而IAA含量在生长后期则显著低于高秆品种。同时高秆小黑麦中IAA/ABA、GA/ABA与（IAA＋GA）/ABA的比值均高于矮秆小黑麦,但ZR/IAA、ZR/ABA比值的变化趋势则与IAA、GA含量的变化趋势相反。可见不同株高类型的小黑麦在株高形成过程中内源激素具有显著差异。     

中国再生稻种植的影响因素及可持续性研究进展

再生稻作为一种特殊的水稻耕作模式,种一茬可收获两次,对增加粮食产量、保障国家粮食安全和提高稻田综合效益有重大意义。综述了中国再生稻的发展趋势,分析了再生稻种植的关键影响因子,阐释了再生稻高产栽培技术,提出在种好头季稻的前提下,适当高留桩,在头季稻齐穗后15 d施用尿素150 kg·hm^-2作为促芽肥,头季稻收割后3 d施用尿素150 kg·hm^-2作为发苗肥,同时配施磷钾肥,可在保证土壤养分平衡的基础上使再生稻获得高产,最后讨论了当前存在的问题及今后发展的方向,认为未来的研究需重点关注再生稻产业化、土壤养分管理、高产栽培技术、稻米品质、温室气体和水体质量,以促进再生稻的发展并为国内同行的研究提供参考与借鉴。