Models for the establishment and height development of naturally regenerated Pinus sylvestris in Finnish Lapland

Abstract

The study focused on constructing models for the establishment and seedling height development of naturally regenerated seedling stands in the natural regeneration of Scots pine by the seed-tree method in Lapland, northern Finland. Modelling was used to describe the dynamics of the regeneration process and to analyse the principal ecological factors and management activities influencing regeneration success. Models for the density of seedling stands were developed with the generalized linear mixed model method. The most significant variables affecting seedling establishment were elevation, time since the establishment cutting, the interaction of forest site type and site preparation, and stoniness. The results indicated that the average stocking level tends to remain unsatisfactory on moist, fertile site types without site preparation. Seedling height development was modelled as a function of age using the linear mixed model. Age explained 97% of the variance of seedling height. Other independent variables in the model were effective temperature sum, site preparation and the presence or absence of seed trees.     

Developing an airborne laser scanning dominant height model from a countrywide scanning survey and national forest inventory data

Abstract

An airborne laser scanning (ALS) dominant height model was developed based on data from a national scanning survey with the aim of developing a digital terrain model (DTM) for Denmark. Data obtained in the ongoing Danish national forest inventory (NFI) were used as reference data. The data comprised a total of 2072 measurements of dominant height on NFI sample plots inventoried in 2006–2007 and their corresponding ALS data. The dominant height model included four variables derived from the ALS point cloud distribution. The variables were related to canopy height, canopy density and species composition on individual plots. The RMSE of the final model was 2.25 m and the model explained 93.9% of the variation (R ²). The model was successful in predicting dominant height across a wide range of forest tree species, stand heights, stand densities, canopy cover and growing conditions. The study demonstrated how low-density ALS data obtained in a survey not specifically aimed at forest applications may be used for obtaining biophysical forest properties such as dominant height, thereby reducing the overall forest inventory costs.     

整地措施及苗木类型对麻疯树生长的影响研究

麻疯树耐旱、耐瘠薄,广泛分布于海拔1 500 m以下的干热河谷地区,不仅是干热河谷地区的水土保持树种,也是开发利用前景较好的能源植物。受立地条件及栽培管理措施的影响,双柏县麻疯树座果率低、单株产量小,产量极不稳定。2006～2011年在双柏县大沙坝进行不同整地措施和苗木类型造林试验,结果表明,科学整地、科学选择苗木及合理密植可促进麻疯树速生、丰产和稳产。     

昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂取食对赤松生长的影响

依托昆嵛山森林生态定位观察站40块永久性样地,以昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫口密度代表为害程度,比较不同样地赤松2006—2008年的平均胸径生长量的差异,并比较了赤松枝条受到连年连续取食或分年度取食后的生长差异,从中评判昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂为害对赤松林分的局部与整体的影响。结果表明:遭受连年取食和分年度取食后的赤松,当年生枝条长度差异显著;同时,生长率差异也显著。根据赤松枝条在3 a受到的为害情况看,赤松枝条当年的生长不受当年昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂取食的影响,但受前一年取食影响:即当前一年虫口密度较大时,赤松当年生枝条的生长受到一定的抑制,反之则影响不大。腮扁叶蜂连续在前年和去年为害2年,会严重降低赤松当年生枝条生长量。通过比较2006年至2008年37块样地赤松胸径的增长量,赤松胸径在不同虫口密度为害下,增长量没有显著差异。这说明昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂为害对树木生长的影响是局部而非整体,在短期内仅从赤松枝条的生长上难以评判其对林分生长的影响。     

The variation of the basic density within the juvenile wood of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)

The variation in the basic‐density level of 45 stems of Sitka spruce from two Danish sites has been examined. It is shown that the basic‐density level, i.e. the basic density as a function of ring width, within the juvenile wood decreases with (1) increasing distance from the pith and (2) increasing height in the stem (same ring number from pith provided). Furthermore, the basic‐density level seems to decrease with increasing stand quality, which may affect the pattern of variation in basic‐density level if the stand quality class varies with age. The basic density of the juvenile wood is markedly higher in Sitka spruce than in Norway spruce, whereby the risk of stem cracks probably is reduced.     

光皮桦生长量分析及与杉木混交技术研究

以光皮桦(Betula luminifera)为基础,研究光皮桦与杉木之间进行混交的可行性。运用数理统计的方法从树高、胸径和材积等方面阐述二者混交的优点和可能性,并且通过南平市郊教学林场的试验得到证实。     

Site index variation with latitude and altitude in IUFRO Pinus contorta provenance experiments in western Canada and northern Sweden

Site index was calculated for 66 experimental plantations in western Canada and northern Sweden, containing a wide range of Pinus contorta provenances drawn from seed lots belonging to the IUFRO international provenance testing program. Growth data from recommended provenances were used to calculate the site index. Site index was defined as predicted average height of the 100 largest trees by diameter ha^‐1 at age 50.

Latitude and altitude explained 56% of site index variation by fitting the function:

Site Index (m) = 99.8 ‐ 1.226 ? Latitude (°N) ‐ 0.01205 ? Altitude (m).

The site index pattern indicated that forest productivity of the sites investigated decreased approximately by 0.8 m³ ha^‐1 yr^‐1 per one‐degree latitude northwards and per 100 m increase in altitude.     

华北驼绒藜不同留茬高度对其产草量的影响研究

观察测定3种不同留茬设置下刈割后的华北驼绒藜的再生情况,综合分析其长势及产量。结果显示,9-10cm留茬设置植株高度最高,达到（41．27±11．06）cm;6～7cm留茬设置分蘖数最多．达到（40．17±10．27）条;产草量最高的为6-7cm留茬设置。由试验结果可以得出,6～7cm留茬设置是华北驼绒藜刈割留茬的最佳设置。     

伐桩高度对香樟萌芽性能的影响分析

对香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)在不同高度(5、10、20、30、40、50 cm)伐桩的萌芽性能和生长量的差异性进行研究,结果表明:萌芽点数不受伐桩高度影响;桩高为30 cm时萌芽条地径最大;单株平均生物量、萌芽条数、萌芽条高度随着伐桩的增高先增加后减小,且在桩高为20 cm时出现最大值,适合应用于樟树萌芽原料林营造。     

晋西刺槐人工林Sloboda高生长模型

利用Sloboda多形指数曲线方程拟合了晋西方山县和吉县刺槐人工林的高生长模型。结果表明,模型在95%显著水平上通过检验,可用于试验区人工林收获预估和立地质量评价。将试验区坡向、坡位和部分地形按照优势木的高生长量由大到小的排序为:阳坡下部、阳坡凹地、阴坡中部、阳坡中部、半阴坡上部、阳坡上部、半阳坡中部、阴坡上部、峁顶、阳沟坡、半阳坡上部。