Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

矮秆基因Rht_NM9在小麦株高建成中对内源激素含量的影响

普通小麦品种"南农9918"经甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methanesulfonate,EMS)诱变获得一个矮秆、多蘖、长穗突变体"NM9",在该突变体中定位到一个新的矮秆突变基因Rht_NM9。内源激素在普通小麦株高建成的过程中发挥重要的调节作用,为了解析Rht_NM9致矮的生理机制,本研究以南农9918及其矮秆突变体NM9为材料,利用酶联免疫吸附分析法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,ELISA)测定了不同生育期各节间内源赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素核苷(ZR)的含量,分析小麦发育关键时期的内源激素含量变化与株高的关系。结果表明,在孕穗期和抽穗期,矮秆突变体NM9中GA、ABA含量均显著高于南农9918,而ZR含量则显著低于南农9918,IAA含量在南农9918和突变体NM9之间无明显差异。此外,突变体NM9各节间中GA/ABA比值显著高于南农9918,而IAA/ABA、(IAA+GA)/ABA、ZR/ABA比值显著低于南农9918。以上结果表明小麦株高受多种激素调控,突变体中内源ABA含量升高,IAA/ABA和ZR/ABA比值降低会抑制植物株高伸长。     

耕作土壤表面不平度分析

利用激光式不平度测试仪测定犁耕耕地地面、圆盘耙耙地地面和驱动耙耙地地面的不平度，测定地面不平度沿着3个方向进行，即平行、倾斜和垂直于耕作方向。对每一种地面不平度的RMS高度、自相关长度和自相关函数进行了分析，结果表明：对于短的地块，可用单一尺度来表征地表不平度的特征，地表不平度特征属于指数相关函数，RMS高度和自相关长度具有明显的相关性；对于长的地块，平整的农业地表不平度具有分形性或多尺度性，其自相关函数是一种分形过程。     

基于地相位优化估计的RVoG三阶段森林冠层高度反演

极化干涉合成孔径雷达（PolInSAR）估测森林结构参数中,数据受基线长度、信噪比、环境地形以及雷达波长的影响,尤其在复杂森林环境条件下,会导致观测到的复相干存在误差,从而影响最终的反演结果。为解决此问题,首先探讨了体相干选择对RVoG三阶段森林冠层高度反演的影响,以地相位为参考逐像素选择距离地相位最远的相干性作为体相干。其次改进了地相位估计方法,采用戴明回归（DMR）和正交回归（OGR）2种相干直线拟合方法来改进地相位的估计,并在DMR拟合方法中设置了不同的误差比（0.3和0.6）来比较地相位估计方法对RVoG三阶段森林冠层高度反演的影响。研究结果表明：以地相位为参考逐像素选择体相干的反演结果相较于直接使用HV极化通道的复相干γ_HV为体相干的反演精度有明显提升,决定系数（R²）由0.349增加到0.383,均方误差由7.097 m²降低到5.755 m²。在体相干优化选择的基础上,采用了戴明回归和正交回归对地相位估计方法进行了改进。表明基于最小二乘回归（LSR）地相位估计的RVoG三阶段反演精度最...     

利用90K基因芯片进行小麦株高QTL分析

为给小麦株高标记辅助选择提供可供选择的分子标记,并进一步对株高QTL进行精细定位及相关基因克隆,以小麦骨干亲本周8425B和小偃81衍生的包含102个家系的RIL群体(F_8)为材料,利用90K芯片标记构建高密度遗传图谱,在3个环境下对株高进行QTL检测。结果表明,所构建的图谱含有9 290个SNP标记,覆盖了小麦21条染色体的63个连锁群,图谱总长3 894.64cM,平均标记密度为0.42cM。共检测到9个控制株高的QTL,分布于1B、4A、4D、6B、7A、7B和7D染色体上,变异解释率为2.23%~16.25%。QPh.nafu.4D、QPh.nafu.4A、QPh.nafu.1B-2与前人定位到的位置相同或相近。QPh.nafu.7A具有较大的LOD值(8.17)和变异解释率(14.69%),为主效QTL。QPh.nafu.6B、QPh.nafu.7B-1、QPh.nafu.7B-2均能在多个环境下使用多种QTL检测方法定位到,可能为新的较稳定的控制株高的QTL。     

Soybean plant height QTL mapping and meta‐analysis for mining candidate genes

Plant height is closely related to seed yield of soybean. The goal of this study was to identify important loci affecting soybean plant height using meta‐analysis based on a reference physical map. Plant height related to QTLs was mapped across eight years with a RIL population by WinQTLCart v2.5. 182 QTLs related to plant height of soybean from database and our research were collected, and each QTL was projected onto the soybean physical map by software BioMercator v2.1. The confidence interval of meta‐QTL ranged from 0.09 to 5.07 Mb, and the mean phenotypic variance ranged from 4.9% to 73.0%. Furthermore, 4,259 candidate genes were located in these consensus QTLs, and 40 of them were involved in the plant growth and stem elongation and annotated as plant hormone signal transduction (pathway ID ko04075) in KEGG pathway. These results would lay a foundation for fine mapping of QTLs/genes related to plant height and marker‐assisted selection for breeding in soybean.     

基于LiDAR的亚热带次生林林窗对幼树更新影响分析

以湖南亚热带次生林为研究对象,利用多时相机载激光雷达(Light detection and ranging,Li DAR)和野外调查数据对林窗及幼树进行监测,分析比较林窗对幼树密度分布和树高生长变化的影响。结果表明,林窗大小和位置对幼树密度分布都有显著影响,喜光树种幼树主要集中在小林窗的中心区或大林窗的过渡区,在大林窗中密度最大(647株/hm2),耐荫树种幼树主要集中在林窗的边缘区,在中等林窗中密度最大(941株/hm~2)。林窗大小对幼树树高生长有显著影响,喜光树种和耐荫树种幼树分别在大林窗和中等林窗中树高生长量最大(69.3 cm/a、57.7 cm/a),喜光树种幼树在中心区的树高生长量明显大于其他位置,耐荫树种幼树的树高生长量在位置上的差异不显著。线性混合模型分析显示林窗大小是促进幼树树高生长的最主要因素,幼树树高生长变化在不同林窗中呈聚集性。从幼树密度树高生长情况来看,50~150 m~2林窗较适合促进亚热带次生林的群落演替。     

“高粱+再生高粱”高产高效栽培技术研究

为提高高粱在"种植一季有余、两季不足"的温光资源条件下的种植效益,以‘泸糯12号’为研究材料,通过优化播期、促芽肥等关键技术研制"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术,再与传统技术进行对比试验。结果表明,"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术要点是2月底至3月5日前播种,种植密度101055株/hm~2,头季高粱收获前10天及时施纯氮150 kg/hm~2,留桩高度控制在近地面第1节位,每窝保留再生苗2~3苗。应用"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术后两季高粱产量和效益,较传统高粱种植技术分别增长120.3%、84.3%,增产增效效果显著。因此,"高粱+再生高粱"高产高效栽培技术适宜区域大面积推广。     

茄子株高性状鉴定与遗传分析

以长茄高代自交系125 和126 构建的茄子6 个不同世代的遗传群体〔P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、 B₁（125×F₁）、B₂（126×F₁）〕 为试材,利用主基因+ 多基因混合数量性状遗传模型对茄子的株高性状进行多世代遗传联合分析。结果表明：供试亲本株高 性状差异显著,分离世代株高性状数值均呈单峰的偏正态分布,属于数量性状遗传。多世代遗传联合分析结果显示茄子株高 性状的最适遗传模型为C-0 模型,不存在主基因遗传效应,表现为多基因控制的加性- 显性- 上位性遗传模式。采用二阶 遗传参数进一步分析株高的多基因遗传效应,结果显示,茄子分离世代F₂、B₂ 的多基因遗传率分别为49.24%、22.77%,茄 子株高以多基因遗传为主。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9技术的水稻miR1866突变体构建

microRNA (miRNA)是长度为18～25个碱基的非编码单链RNA,在植物生长发育过程中起着重要的调节作用.水稻是世界上重要的粮食作物之一,近年来调控水稻生长发育的miRNA不断被发掘,但目前关于miR 1866的研究还比较少.本研究通过构建miR1866的CRISPR/Cas9表达载体,创制miR1866的突...