The association of culm anatomy with lodging susceptibility in modern spring wheat genotypes

Selection for lodging resistant cultivars in cereal breeding programs is difficult due to the challenge of screening for this trait under natural field conditions. The identification of easily measurable culm traits related to lodging resistance would simplify the selection process. The present study was conducted to determine if differences in culm anatomy exist among modern wheat genotypes differing in lodging susceptibility, and to determine the association between culm characters and lodging. From a 2-year field study conducted in Edmonton, Alberta, 13 spring wheat cultivars were chosen based on predetermined susceptibility to artificially induced lodging. Morphological and anatomical culm measurements were made visually and with an environmental scanning electron microscope. Genotypes differed (P < 0.05) for plant height, number of internodes per culm, basal internode length and diameter, culm wall thickness and the number of vascular bundles, but not for adventitious root frequency, lumen diameter or sclerenchyma ring thickness. Mean genotype field scores for artificially induced lodging were correlated (P < 0.05) with plant height (r= 0.51) and the length of the fourth basal internode (r= 0.51). Short, wide basal internodes and thick culm walls were characteristic of three lodging tolerant genotypes: Kohika, Sapphire and Olso. Nevertheless, despite such apparent genotype specific association between culm anatomy and field lodging, general applicable associations were not observed for most traits. The most practical and easily selectable trait for lodging resistance within a wheat breeding program remains plant height. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Distribution of microsatellite alleles linked to Rht8 dwarfing gene in wheat

A wheat microsatellite locus, Xgwm 261, whose 192-bp allele closelylinked to the dwarfing gene Rht8, on chromosome 2D, was used toscreen 71 wheat cultivars from 13 countries to assess the variation at thislocus. Screening of this wheat collection showed that a 165-bp allele anda 174-bp allele were the most frequent. None of the New Zealand cultivarspossessed a 192-bp allele specific to Rht8, while only one cultivarfrom the US produced this important allele. The frequency of a 192-bpallele among these wheat cultivars was 5.63%. The highest allelefrequency was observed for a 174-bp fragment (52.11%) followed by a165-bp fragment (26.76%). The only durum wheat `Cham 1', did notshow any amplification due to the absence of D genome. Four new novelalleles, 180-bp, 198-bp, 200-bp and 204-bp present in the US and NewZealand wheat cultivars are reported.     

坡林地间种红豆草技术措施试验研究

林地间种红豆草能促进幼树生长,充分利用土地潜力,增加经济收入。坡地采用人工“立体”法种植红豆草比一般单一深度“平播”法种植红豆草越冬率提高65%。冬前复土措施是红豆草播后田间管理的重要环节。红豆草适宜的平茬高度为5～10cm。     

外源激素对油茶种子根系及轻基质嫁接容器苗生长的影响

以良种油茶种子和嫁接苗为试验材料,设计3种外源激素处理方式,探讨外源激素对油茶种子萌发、根系生长及油茶轻基质嫁接容器苗生长的影响。结果表明:适宜的激素处理对油茶种的根系生长、出芽和轻基质嫁接容器苗的生长具有促进作用。用50mg/L ABT处理过的油茶种子根系生长迅速、主根饱满健壮、须根浓密,发根质量好,Ⅱ级根出现早,须根出现和出芽时间比对照均提前7d左右。在轻基质嫁接容器苗株高生长和地径生长上具有显著的生长优势,可以在生产中推广使用。     

自动测量胸径和树高便携设备的研制与测量精度分析

胸径和树高测量是评价立地质量和林木生长状况的重要依据,该文以图像自动识别原理、摄影测量原理、相似三角形几何原理和三角函数原理为理论基础,研制了可测量胸径和树高的多功能便携式微型超站仪,该设备集成电荷藕合器件图像传感器、倾角传感器、激光测距传感器、中央处理器、存储器、液晶显示屏,测量时可获取测站点到待测点的倾角和距离2个参数值,并记录存储测量时的图像信息,通过仪器的嵌入式操作程序,实现胸径的自动测量、树高测量、任意处直径自动测量、基本测量等4项基本功能。通过试验验证,215株立木的单次胸径测量的平均绝对误差为0.369 cm,平均相对误差为2.08%。101株立木的单次树高测量的平均相对误差为1.44%。胸径测量精度达到97.92%,树高测量精度达到98.56%,符合国家森林资源连续清查中的测量精度要求。该设备为森林资源调查提供了参考。     

利用三重测交群体剖析玉米株高与穗位高杂种优势的遗传学基础

以玉米强优势杂交种组合豫玉22及其重组近交系为材料,按照TTC (triple testcross)遗传交配设计,组配了270个测交后代的TTC群体。利用复合区间作图法,对控制株高与穗位高的QTL进行了分析,分别检测到20和17个主效QTL,其中超显性位点最多(11个和8个),加性次之(5个和6个),显性(2个和0个)和部分显性较少(2个和3个)。分析发现,存在同时控制株高与穗位高杂种优势的QTL区域,即Bin1.06区域(umc2151~umc1122)、Bin3.05区域(umc2127~umc2166~ umc1539)以及Bin7.03区域(umc1865~umc1888),这也与在各个环境中株高与穗位高的相关性吻合。另外,还分别检测到两性状4个和7个QTL与遗传背景之间的互作,22对和12对标记间的互作,分别解释表型变异的3.26%~16.58%和3.44%~22.41%,说明上位性也可能与这两个性状及其杂种优势的形成有重要关系。     

Effect of controllable drawbead on the formability of high strength steel box

With the application of simulation technology and orthogonal test, the effects of controllable drawbead on the formability of HSS (high strength steel) box are researched through the simulation of HSS box with 6 different drawbead shapes and 3 different drawbead trajectories. Use the limit drawing height as the evaluate indicator, it is proofed that the controllable drawbead can improve the formability of HSS by analyzing the result data that three types of controllable drawbead trajectories indicators are bigger than the immovable ones. And the 2nd trajectory, ascent—halt—descent is determined as the optimal type. The improve scales of straight drawbeads is better than the oblique drawbead, whereas the latter ones have better target. The main influence factors are obtained by range analysis. At last the reason that accounts for controllable drawbead can improve the formability is got the answer by the forming force analysis.     

论立式金属罐参照高度变化的随机性

当前，对动作中立式储罐的参照高度认为是固定值的看法，是不切剑实际的。在立式罐结构分析中，认为参照高度实际产生随机变化有其必须性，并通过国内外立式罐参照高度的实测数据和资料予以证实。确认立式罐参照高度在立式罐容量标定和计量过程中实际存在着０变化的随机性，而且会对立式罐容量的标定和计量的准确度产生明显的影响，在大多数情况下已超过允许误差范围。     

中华松针蚧对云南松高生长的影响

云南松受中华松针蚧危害,当针叶虫口密度≤3只/束时,高生长量无损失;当针叶虫口密度>3只/束时,随着虫口密度的增大,高生长量损失逐渐增大;在同一虫口密度下,立地条件好的云南松受害后,其高生长损失大;据不同立地条件、不同虫口密度水平下云南松高生长损失大小,将发生中华松针蚧林分的林木分为健康、轻、中、重、特别严重5个等级.     

两个海拔高度下甘蓝型油菜主要农艺性状及其对产量的影响

以9个甘蓝型油菜品种为研究材料,对其进行两个不同海拔高度的试验。研究表明:在高海拔下,对单株产量贡献大的前六个性状依次是,全株有效果数>每果粒数>千粒重>主序有效果数>分枝部位>主序长度。在低海拔区依次是,每果粒数>全株有效果数>千粒重>主序有效果>主序长度>分枝部位。方差分析结果表明:高海拔区油菜产量低于低海拔区产量,两者差异达极显著。海拔高度升高,油菜的株高、分枝部位、单株产量降低,一次有效分枝数和全株有效果数明显减少,千粒重增加。